Air Force Combat Units of World War II - Part 8

91st Reconnaissance Wing

Constituted as 91st Photographic Wing (Reconnaissance) on 9 Oct 1943 and activated on 20 Oct. Redesignated 91st Reconnaissance Wing in Jun 1945. Moved to the Southwest Pacific, Feb-Mar 1944, and served with Fifth AF until the end of the war. Inactivated in Japan on 27 Jan 1946.

Allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 20 Dec 1946. Redesignated 91st Air Division (Reconnaissance) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 6th: 1944-1945. 66th: 1946-1949. 71st: 1944-1945. 74th: 1946-1949.

Stations. Will Rogers Field, Okla, 20 Oct 1943; Birmingham AAB, Ala, 9 Nov 1943-20 Feb 1944; Nadzab, New Guinea, 30 Mar 1944; Biak, 10 Aug 1944; Leyte, 12 Nov 1944; Mindoro, 28 Jan 1945; Clark Field, Luzon, 24 Mar 1945; Okinawa, 30 Jul 1945; Japan, Oct 1945-27 Jan 1946. Newark AAB, NJ, 20 Dec 1946-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Lt Col James E Ilgenfritz, 13 Nov 1943; Col Elvin F Maughan, 18 Dec 1943; Col David W Hutchison, 12 Apr 1944; Col Ralph O Brownfield, 22 Apr 1944; Col John T Murtha, 23 Aug 1944; Col William C Sams, 16 Oct 1944-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; Ryukyus; China Offensive.

Decorations. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

92d Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 92d Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 25 Oct 1943. Activated in England on 1 Nov 1943. Assigned to Eighth AF. Entered combat on 11 Dec 1943 but its group were reassigned on 15 Dec. Re-entered combat with new groups in May 1944 and continued operations until the groups were taken away in Feb 1945. Moved to the US in Jul. Disbanded on 18 Aug 1945.

Groups. 351st: 1943. 401st: 1943. 486th: 1944-1945. 487th: 1944-1945.

Stations. Polebrook, England, 1 Nov 1943; Camp Blainey, England, c. 12 Dec 1943; Sudbury, England, c. 2 Mar 1944; Bury St Edmunds, England, c. 18 Nov 1944; Elveden Hall, England, 12 Feb-c. 13 Jul 1945; Sioux Falls AAFld, SD, 23 Jul-28 Aug 1945.

Commanders. Col Julius K Lacey, 24 Nov-12 Dec 1943; Col Harold Q Huglin, c. 1 Apr-19 Nov 1944; Col Hunter Harris Jr, c. 12 Feb-11 May 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

93d Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 93d Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 25 Oct 1943. Activated in England on 1 Nov 1943. Did not receive groups until the spring of 1944. Served in combat with Eighth AF in the European theater from May 1944 until Apr 1945. Moved to the US in Jul 1945. Disbanded on 28 Aug 1945.

Groups. 34th: 1944-1945. 385th: 1945. 490th: 1944-1945. 493d: 1944-1945.

Stations. Horsham St Faith, England, 1 Nov 1943; Elveden Hall, England, c. 10 Jan 1944; Mendlesham, England, c. 30 Mar 1944-11 Jul 1945; Sioux Falls AAFld, SD, c. 27 Jul-28 Aug 1945.

Commanders. Brig Gen Walter R Peck, c. 27 Dec 1943-11 Jan 1944; Brig Gen John K Gerhart, Apr 1944-23 May 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

94th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 94th Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 2 Nov 1943. Activated in England on 12 Dec 1943. Assigned to Eighth AF. Served in combat in the European theater until Apr 1945. Received a DUC for an attack on German aircraft factories on 11 Jan 1944. Disbanded in England on 18 Jun 1945.

Groups. 351st: 1943-1945. 401st: 1943-1945. 457th: 1944-1945.

Stations. Polebrook, England, 12 Dec 1943; Alconbury, England, 12-18 Jun 1945.

Commanders. Brig Gen Julius K Lacey, 12 Dec 1943; Col Eugene A Romig, 6-15 Jun 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central-Europe.

Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citation: Germany, 11 Jan 1944.

Insigne. None.

95th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 95th Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 2 Nov 1943. Activated in England on 12 Dec 1943. Assigned to Eighth AF. Had no groups until Apr 1944. Flew in combat in the European theater from 2 Jun until 14 Aug 1944 when its groups were taken away. Moved to the US in Jul 1945. Disbanded on 28 Aug 1945.

Groups. 489th: 1944. 491st: 1944.

Stations. Attlebridge, England, 12 Dec 1943; Ketteringham, England, Feb 1944; Halesworth, England, c. 5 May 1944; Ketteringham, England, Aug 1944-c. 12 Jul 1945; Sioux Falls AAFld, SD, c. 23 Jul-28 Aug 1945.

Commanders. Maj Albert W Osbourn, c. 6 Jan 1944; Lt Col Milton K Lockwood, c. 12 Jan 1944; Lt Col John H Diehl Jr, c. 26 Jan 1944; Col Frederick R Dent Jr, c. 1 Apr 1944; Col Irvine A Rendle, 30 Jun 1944; Col Frederick R Dent Jr, c. 15 Aug 1944; Col Troy W Crawford, c. 20 Aug 1944-unkn; Col Jack W Wood, c. 21 Oct 1944; Col Perry Norris, c. 18 Nov 1944-c. May 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

96th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 96th Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 8 Nov 1943. Activated in England on 11 Jan 1944. Served in combat in the European theater with Eighth AF from Mar 1944 until Apr 1945. Redesignated 96th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) in Jun. Moved to the US in Aug. Redesignated 96th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) in Aug. Inactivated on 17 Oct 1945.

Allotted to the reserve. Activated on 12 Jun 1947. Redesignated 96th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 44th: 1945. 93d: 1945. 351st: 1948-1949. 381st: 1947-1948. 392d: 1945. 446th: 1945. 448th: 1945. 458th: 1944-1945. 466th: 1944-1945. 467th: 1944-1945. 491st: 1945.

Stations. Horsham St Faith, England, 11 Jan 1944; Ketteringham, England, c. 1 Jun-c. 5 Aug 1945; Sioux Falls AAFld, SD, c. 14 Aug 1945; Peterson Field, Colo, 16 Aug-17 Oct 1945. Scott Field, Ill, 12 Jun 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Brig Gen Walter R Peck, 11 Jan 1944; Col Irvine A Rendle, c. 10 May 1945; Brig Gen Walter R Peck, 1 Jun 1945-unkn; Col Fred Feasel, 31 Aug 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

97th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 97th Combat Bombardment Wing (Medium) on 2 Nov 1943 and activated in England on 12 Nov. Assigned to Ninth AF. Redesignated 97th Combat Bombardment Wing (Light) in Jul 1944. Participated in combat operations in the European theater, Apr 1944-May 1945. Redesignated 97th Bombardment Wing (Medium) in Jun 1945. Moved to the US in Oct. Inactivated on 11 Oct 1945.

Groups. 409th: 1944-1945. 410th: 1944-1945. 416th: 1944-1945.

Stations. Marks Hall, England, 12 Nov 1943; Little Walden, England, 13 Mar 1944; Voisenon, France, 13 Sep 1944; Marchais, France, 13 Feb 1945; Arrancy, France, 25 Apr 1945; Sandricourt, France, 24 May-2 Oct 1945; Camp Shanks, NY, 10-11 Oct 1945.

Commanders. Capt Donald S Moloney, 16 Nov 1943; Lt Col Chris H W Rueter, 2 Mar 1944; Brig Gen Edward N Backus, 1 Apr 1944-1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

98th Bombardment Wing

Authorized on the inactive list as 3d Wing on 24 Mar 1923. Redesignated 3d Attack Wing in 1929. Activated on 15 Jun 1932. Redesignated 3d Wing in 1935. Became one of the original wings of GHQAF. Redesignated 3d Bombardment Wing in 1940. Inactivated on 5 Sep 1941.

Activated on 7 Jun 1942. Assigned tc Eighth AF. Moved to the European theater, Aug-Sep 1942, and entered combat in May 1943. Redesignated 98th Combat Bombardment Wing (Medium) in Nov 1943. Assigned to Ninth AF and continued combat operations until Apr 1945. Redesignated 98th Bombardment Wing (Medium) in Jun 1945. Inactivated in Europe on 27 Nov 1945.

Redesignated 3d Bombardment Wing (Light) and allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 20 Dec 1946. Redesignated 3d Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 3d Bombardment: 1932-1940. 13th Bombardment: 1941. 20th Pursuit: 1932-1939. 29th Bombardment: 1940-1941. 44th Bombardment: 1941. 305th Bombardment: 1945. 306th Bombardment: 1945. 310th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 322d Bombardment: 1942-1943. 323d Bombardment: 1942-1945. 341st Bombardment: 1947-1949. 344th Bombardment: 1945. 386th Bombardment: 1942-1943, 1945. 387th Bombardment: 1942-1945. 391st Bombardment: 1945. 394th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 397th Bombardment: 1944-1945.

Stations. Ft Crockett, Tex, 15 Jun 1932; Barksdale Field, La, 27 Feb 1935; MacDill Field, Fla, 2 Oct 1940-5 Sep 1941. Detrick Field, Md, 7 Jun-Aug 1942; Elveden Hall, England, c. 12 Sep 1942; Marks Hall, England, 12 Jun 1943; Earls Colne, England, Nov 1943; Beaulieu, England, 18 Jul-19 Aug 1944; Lessay, France, 23 Aug 1944; Chartres, France, 24 Sep 1944; Laon/Athies, France, Oct 1944; Havrincourt, France, 1 Feb 1945; Venlo, Holland, c. 3 May 1945; Tirlemont, Belgium, c. Jul 1945; Kitzingen, Germany, Aug 1945; Namur, Belgium, c. Oct-Nov 1945. Bedford AAFld, Mass, 20 Dec 1946-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Unkn, to 1 Mar 1935; Brig Gen Gerald C Brant, 1 Mar 1935; Brig Gen Frederick L Martin, 1 Apr 1937; Brig Gen Clarence L Tinker, c. Jan 1941; Brig Gen Follett Bradley, 1941-5 Sep 1941. Maj John P Carson, 7 Jun 1942; Maj William A Turner, 14 Jul 1942; Maj Thomas B Scott, 29 Jul 1942; Maj Jack E Caldwell, 29 Aug 1942; Col Charles T Phillips, 15 Sep 1942; Brig Gen Haywood S Hansell Jr, 6 Dec 1942; Brig Gen Frederick L Anderson, 27 Feb 1943; Brig Gen Francis M Brady, 27 Apr 1943; Col Samuel E Anderson, 12 Jul 1943; Col Carl R Storrie, Nov 1943; Col Millard Lewis, 21 Jan 1944; Brig Gen Harold L Mace, c. 2 Aug 1944-1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

99th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 44th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 15 Feb 1943. Activated on 1 Mar 1943. Moved to England in Jul 1943 and assigned to Eighth AF. Combat elements apparently were not assigned and wing headquarters was not fully manned prior to Nov 1943. Redesignated 99th Combat Bombardment Wing (Medium). Served in combat with Ninth AF until May 1945. Redesignated 99th Bombardment Wing (Medium) in Jun 1945. Returned to the US, Sep-Oct 1945. Inactivated on 4 Oct 1945.

Redesignated 44th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) and allotted to the reserve. Activated on 26 Jun 1947. Redesignated 44th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 312th: 1947-1949. 322d: 1943-1945. 344th: 1943-1945. 386th: 1944-1945. 391st: 1944-1945. 394th: 1945. 401st: 1947-1949. 447th: 1947-1949.

Stations. Salt Lake City AAB, Utah, 1 Mar 1943; Biggs Field, Tex, May-Jul 1943; Aldermaston, England, Jul 1943; Great Dunmow, England, 12 Nov 1943-Sep 1944; Beaumont, France, 25 Sep 1944; Tirlemont, Belgium, Apr 1945; Namur, Belgium, 1 Jul-Aug 1945; Camp Myles Standish, Mass, 3-4 Oct 1945. Brooks Field, Tex, 26 Jun 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Brig Gen Herbert B Thatcher, 12 Nov 1943; Col Reginald F C Vance, 7 Nov 1944; Maj Charles F Salter, 1 Jul 1945; Lt Col William W Brier, 13 Jul 1945; Brig Gen Richard C Sanders, 12 Aug-Oct 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

100th Fighter Wing

Constituted as 100th Fighter Wing on 8 Nov 1943 and activated in England on 24 Nov. Assigned to Ninth AF. Engaged in combat in the European theater from Apr 1944 to May 1945. Moved to the US, Aug-Sep 1945. Inactivated on 7 Nov 1945.

Groups. 48th: 1944. 354th: 1943, 1944, 1945. 358th: 1944. 361st: 1944-1945. 362d: 1944, 1945. 363d: 1944. 365th: 1944-1945. 367th: 1944, 1945. 368th: 1944-1945. 371st: 1944, 1945. 405th: 1945. 406th: 1945. 474th: 1944.

Stations. Boxted, England, 24 Nov 1943; Greenham Common, England, 6 Dec 1943; Ibsley, England, 13 Jan 1944; Lashenden, England, c. 15 Apr-Jun 1944; Criqueville, France, 1 Jul 1944; St-Pierre-Eglise, France, 10 Jul 1944; Rennes, France, 8 Aug 1944; Le Mans, France, 30 Aug 1944; St-Dizier, France, 19 Sep 1944; Metz, France, 29 Dec 1944; Konigstein, Germany, 14 Apr-Aug 1945; Seymour Johnson Field, NC, 6 Sea Nov 1945.

Commanders. Col David B Lancaster, Nov 1943; Brig Gen Homer L Sanders, c. 2 Jan 1944; Col Harry B Young, 23 May 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

301st Fighter Wing

Constituted as 301st Fighter Wing on 5 Oct 1944 and activated on 15 Oct. Moved to Ie Shima, May-Jul 1945. Assigned to Twentieth AF. Engaged in combat during the last few days of the war. Assigned to Eighth AF in Aug 1945 and to Far East Air Forces in 1946. Inactivated on Okinawa on 20 Jan 1949.

Groups. 51st: 1946-1948. 408th: 1944. 413th: 1944-1946. 414th: 1944-1945. 506th: 1944-1945. 507th: 1944-1945.

Stations. Seymour Johnson Field, NC, 15 Oct 1944; Mitchel Field, NY, 1 Nov 1944-30 May 1945; Ie Shima, 31 Jul 1945; Kadena, Okinawa, 29 Nov 1945; Naha, Okinawa, 14 Aug 1947-20 Jan 1949.

Commanders. Lt Col George H Hollingsworth, 15 Oct 1944; Col Thayer S Olds, 19 Oct 1944; Brig Gen Francis H Griswold, 24 Aug 1945; Col Emmett F Yost, 11 Sep 1945; Col Hanlon H Van Auken, 1 Nov 1945; Col Mark E Bradley Jr, Apr 1946; Col Loring F Stetson Jr, 30 Oct 1946; Brig Gen Robert C Oliver, 1 Jan 1947; Col Loring F Stetson Jr, 24 Mar 1947; Brig Gen Hugo P Rush, 1 May 1947-31 Dec 1948.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

303d Fighter Wing

Constituted as 303d Fighter Wing on 15 Nov 1943 and activated on 24 Nov. Moved to the European theater, Feb-Mar 1944. Assigned to Ninth AF. Served in combat from May 1944 until May 1945, operating with various groups that were assigned or attached for brief periods of time. Disbanded in Europe on 12 Aug 1945.

Components. (See narrative.)

Stations. Norfolk AAFld, Va, 24 Nov 1943-12 Feb 1944; Ashford, England, 8 Mar 1944; La Combe, France, 31 Jul 1944; Houesville, France, 2 Aug 1944; Rennes, France, 24 Aug 1944; Vermand, France, 17 Sep 1944; Arlon, Belgium, c. 3 Oct 1944; Maastricht, Holland, 22 Oct 1944; Munchen-Gladbach, Germany, 8 Mar 1945; Haltern, Germany, 3 Apr 1945; Gutersloh, Germany, 14 Apr 1945; Brunswick, Germany, 22 Apr 1945-unkn.

Commanders. Brig Gen Burton M Hovey Jr, 6 Jan 1944; Col John R Ulricson, c. May 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army: 1 Oct 1944-; Dec 1944-Jan 1945. Belgian Fourragere.

Insigne. None.

304th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 304th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 7 Dec 1943 and activated in Italy on 29 Dec. Operated with Fifteenth AF in the Mediterranean and European theaters from Feb 1944 until May 1945. Moved to the US, Sep-Oct 1945. Inactivated on 13 Oct 1945.

Redesignated 304th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) and allotted to the reserve. Activated on 19 Apr 1947. Redesignated 304th Air Division (Bombardment) Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 448th: 1947-1949. 452d: 1947-1949. 454th: 1944-1945. 455th: 1944-1945. 456th: 1944-1945. 459th: 1944-1945; 1947-1949.

Stations. Cerignola, Italy, 29 Dec 1943-Sep 1945; Camp Kilmer, NJ, 12-13 Oct 1945. Long Beach, Calif, 19 Apr 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Col John K Brown Jr, c. 29 Dec 1943; Brig Gen Fay R Upthegrove, 27 Jan 1944; Lt Col William R Boutz, 5 Jul 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Air Offensive, Europe; Rome-Arno; Normandy; Northern France; Southern France; North Apennines; Rhineland; Central Europe; Po Valley.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

305th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 305th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 7 Dec 1943 and activated in Italy on 29 Dec. No combat components were assigned until 13 Jun 1945. Inactivated in Italy on 9 Sep 1945.

Redesignated 305th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) and allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 12 Jul 1947. Redesignated 305th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 1st Fighter: 1945. 54th Fighter: 1945. 31st Fighter: 1945. 52d Fighter: 1945. 82d Fighter: 1945. 325th Fighter: 1945. 332d Fighter: 1945. 445th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 454th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 456th Bombardment: 1947-1949.

Stations. Foggia, Italy, 29 Dec 1943; Spinazzola, Italy, c. Feb 1944; Bari, Italy, c. Mar 1944; Torremaggiore, Italy, c. Dec 1944-9 Sep 1945. McChord Field, Wash, 12 Jul 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Lt Col [Julian M?] Bleyer, Mar-Apr 1944; Col William R Morgan, 13 Jun-9 Sep 1945.

Campaigns. European-African-Middle Eastern Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

306th Fighter Wing

Constituted as 306th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 7 Dec 1943. Activated in Italy on 15 Jan 1944. Assigned to Fifteenth AF. Entered combat in Mar as a fighter organization. Redesignated 306th Fighter Wing in May 1944. Operated in the Mediterranean and European theaters until the end of the war. Moved to the US, Jul-Aug 1945. Inactivated on 7 Nov 1945.

Groups. 1st: 1944. 14th: 1944. 31st: 1944-1945. 52d: 1944-1945. 82d: 1944. 325th: 1944-1945. 332d: 1944-1945.

Stations. Bari, Italy, 15 Jan 1944; Foggia, Italy, 27 Jan 1944; Lucera, Italy, 23 Feb 1944; Torremaggiore, Italy, 8 Mar 1944; Lesina, Italy, 3 Sep 1944; Fano, Italy, 5 Mar-15 Jul 1945; Drew Field, Fla, Aug-7 Nov 1945.

Commanders. Lt Col Sidney F Wogan, 15 Jan 1944; Lt Col Paul W Blanchard Jr, 23 Jan 1944; Brig Gen Dean C Strother, 26 Mar 1944; Brig Gen Yantis H Taylor, 3 Sep 1944-c. Aug 1945.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Rome-Arno; Normandy; Northern France; Southern France; North Apennines; Rhineland; Central Europe; Po Valley.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

307th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 307th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 7 Dec 1943. Activated in Italy on 15 Jan 1944. No combat elements were assigned. Disbanded in Italy on 15 Jun 1944.

Reconstituted, redesignated 307th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy), and allotted to the reserve, on 10 Feb 1947. Activated in the US on 31 Mar 1947. Redesignated 307th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 482d: 1947-1949.

Stations. Bari, Italy, 15 Jan-15 Jun 1944. New Orleans, La, 31 Mar 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Unkn.

Campaigns. European-African-Middle Eastern Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

308th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 308th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 20 Jan 1944. Activated in New Guinea on 1 Feb 1944. Served in combat with Fifth AF from Feb 1944 to Aug 1945, operating with various groups that were attached for brief periods. Moved to Korea late in 1945 and, as a component of Far East Air Forces, became part of the occupation force. Redesignated 308th Bombardment Wing (Light) in May 1946. Transferred, without personnel and equipment, to Japan in 1947 and was not remanned. Inactivated on 30 Jun 1948.

Groups. 475th Fighter: 1945-1947.

Stations. Oro Bay, New Guinea, 1 Feb 1944; Owi, Schouten Islands, 2 Jul 1944; Hollandia, New Guinea, 10 Aug 1944; Leyte, 22 Oct 1944; Luzon, 11 Jan 1945; Okinawa, 16 Jun 1945; Seoul, Korea, 22 Sep 1945; Kimpo, Korea, 7 Jan 1946; Nagoya, Japan, Mar 1947-30 Jun 1948.

Commanders. Col Dwight Divine II, 1 Feb 1944; Brig Gen David W Hutchison, 22 Apr 1944; Col Frank R Cook, 1 May 1946; Brig Gen David W Hutchison, 18 Jul 1946; Brig Gen Aubre Hornsby, 22 Jul 1946; Col Leland S Stranathan, 1 Oct 1946-22 Mar 1947.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Ryukyus; China Offensive.

Decorations. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

309th Bombardment Wing - Trinidad Wing, Antilees Air Command

309th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 309th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) on 20 Jan 1944. Activated in New Guinea on 1 Feb 1944. Assigned to Fifth AF. Served in combat until the end of the war, operating with various groups that were attached for short periods of time. Inactivated in Japan on 25 Mar 1946.

Redesignated 309th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy). Allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 10 Jan 1947. Redesignated 309th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 3d Air Commando: 1946. 446th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 455th Bombardment: 1947-1949.

Stations. Lae, New Guinea, 1 Feb 1944; Saidor, New Guinea, c. Mar 1944; Noemfoor, 28 Jul 1944; Owi, Schouten Islands, 9 Nov 1944; San Marcelino, Luzon, 8 Feb 1945; Lingayen, Luzon, May 1945; Chitose, Japan, Oct 1945-25 Mar 1946. Hensley Field, Tex, 10 Jan 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Brig Gen Paul B Wurtsmith, 1 Feb 1944; Col Neel E Kearby, 26 Feb 1944; Maj Gen St Clair Streett, 3 Mar 1944; Lt Col Robert R Rowland, 5 Apr 1944; Col Jack W Saunders, 13 May 1944; Col Norman D Sillin, 16 Dec 1944; Col Herbert L Grills, 20 Oct 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. China Defensive; New Guinea; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; China Offensive.

Decorations. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

310th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 310th Bombardment Wing (Medium) on 20 Jan 1944. Activated in New Guinea on 1 Feb 1944. Assigned to Fifth AF. Engaged in combat from Feb 1944 until the end of the was operating with various groups that wer attached for short periods. Inactivated in Japan on 25 Mar 1946.

Redesignated 310th Bombardment Wing (Light). Allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 26 Jun 1947. Redesignated 310th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 42d Bombardment: 1946. 323d Bombardment: 1947-1949. 340th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 348th Fighter: 1946.

Stations. Gusap, New Guinea, 1 Feb 1944; Hollandia, New Guinea, May 1944; Morotai, 18 Sep 1944; Leyte, 14 Nov 1944 San Jose, Mindoro, 15 Dec 1944; Clark Field, Luzon, 23 Aug 1945; Itami, Japan 21 Oct 1945-25 Mar 1946. Tinker Field, Okla, 26 Jun 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Brig Gen Donald R Hutchinson, 1 Feb 1944; Col John T Murtha, 16 Oct 1944; Col Jack A Wilson, 15 Dec 1944; Col William M Morgan, 22 Mar 1945; Col Jack A Wilson, 17 Jul 1945; Col William M Morgan, 29 Aug 1945; Col Othel R Deering, 16 Dec 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. China Defensive; Ned Guinea; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon Southern Philippines; China Offensive.

Decorations. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

311th Reconnaissance Wing

Constituted as 311th Photographic Wing (Mapping and Charting) on 31 Jan 1944. Activated on 1 Feb 1944. Assigned directly to AAF. Redesignated 311th Reconnaissance Wing in Jul 1945. Operated in the US and sent detachments to various areas of the world to perform mapping and charting duties. Assigned to Continental Air Forces in Dec 1945. Became the major reconnaissance organization of Strategic Air Command in Mar 1946. Redesignated 311th Air Division (Reconnaissance) in Apr 1948, and 311th Air Division in Jan 1949. Inactivated on 1 Nov 1949.

Components. Groups. 1st: 1944. 11th: 1944. 55th: 1947-1948. 91st: 1947-1948.

Wings. 5th: 1949. 9th: 1949. 55th: 1948-1949. 91st: 1948-1949.

Stations. Bolling Field, DC, 1 Feb 1944; Buckley Field, Colo, c. 24 Nov 1944; MacDill Field, Fla, c. 17 Apr 1946; Andrews Field, Md, c. 1 Jun 1947; Topeka AFB, Kan, c. 20 Jul 1948; Barksdale AFB, La, c. 28 Oct-2 Nov 1949.

Commanders. Col George G Northrup, 1 Feb 1944; Lt Col Roy W Gustafson, 16 Jan 1945; Col Karl L Polifka, 12 Feb 1945; Col James F Setchell, 16 Jul 1945; Col Karl L Polifka, 22 Oct 1945; Lt Col Albert M Welsh, c. 23 Feb 1946; Brig Gen Donald R Hutchinson, 23 May 1946; Brig Gen Paul T Cullen, c. 18 Jun 1947; Maj Gen Joseph H Atkinson, 17 Mar-2 Nov 1949.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

312th Fighter Wing

Constituted as 312th Fighter Wing on 7 Mar 1944 and activated in China on 1 Mar. Assigned to Fourteenth AF. Served in combat in China from Jul 1944 until Aug 1945. Moved to the US, Oct-Nov 1945. Inactivated on 5 Nov 1945.

Groups. 33d: 1944. 81st: 1944-1945. 311th: 1944-1945.

Stations. Kunming, China, 13 Mar 1944; Chengtu, China, c. 25 Mar 1944-1 Oct 1945; Camp Kilmer, NJ, c. 3-5 Nov 1945.

Commanders. Brig Gen Adlai H Gilkeson, c. 25 Mar 1944; Brig Gen Russell E Randall, c. 4 Sep 1944-c. Oct 1945.

Campaigns. China Defensive; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: On an ultramarine blue rectangle, long axis vertical, corners engrailed, a golden orange dragon rampant, proper, tail entwined about bend checky blue and silver, edged golden orange, all within a neat line of the last. (Approved 28 Apr 1945.)

313th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 313th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) on 15 Apr 1944 and activated on 23 Apr. Moved to the Marianas late in 1944. Assigned to Twentieth AF. Engaged in very heavy bombardment operations from Jan to Aug 1945. Moved to the Philippine Islands and assigned to Far East Air Forces in Mar 1946. Inactivated in the Philippines on 15 Jun 1948.

Redesignated 313th Air Division. Activated on Okinawa on 1 Mar 1955. Assigned to Far East Air Forces.

Components. Groups. 5th: 1946-1948. 6th: 1944-1948. 9th: 1944-1948. 504th: 1944-1946. 505th: 1944-1946.

Wings. 18th Fighter: 1955-. 51st Fighter: 1955-.

Stations. Peterson Field, Colo, 23 Apr-5 Nov 1944; North Field, Tinian, 24 Dec 1944; Clark Field, Luzon, 15 Mar 1946-15 Jun 1948. Kadena, Okinawa, 1 Mar 1955-.

Commanders. Brig Gen John H Davies, 23 Apr 1944; Col George W Mundy, 26 Aug 1945-unkn. Maj Gen Fay R Upthegrove, 1 Mar 1955; Col Curtis D Sluman, 11 Jul 1955; Brig Gen William G Hipps, 3 Sep 1955-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Azure, a silhouetted futuramic aircraft, volant in dexter chief, Air Force blue, fimbriated argent, with vapor trail forming an acute angular pattern from the aircraft to dexter base, the trail between three stars arched in bend sinister, one to chief, two to dexter of trail, all of the third; in sinister base an eagle volant of the second, fimbriated and detailed argent, grasping with his talons two bolts of lightning of the last. (Approved 15 Jul 1957.)

314th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 314th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) on 15 Apr 1944 and activated on 23 Apr. Moved to Guam, Dec 1944-Feb 1945. Assigned to Twentieth AF. Engaged in very heavy bombardment operations from Feb to Aug 1945. Redesignated 314th Composite Wing in Jan 1946. Assigned to Far East Air Forces. Moved to Japan in Jun 1946. Inactivated on 20 Aug 1948.

Redesignated 314th Air Division. Activated in Japan on 1 Dec 1950. Assigned to Far East Air Forces. Provided air defense for Japan and logistic support for combat operations in Korea. Inactivated in Japan on 1 Mar 1952.

Activated in Korea on 15 Mar 1955. Assigned to Far East Air Forces.

Components. Groups. 3d Bombardment: 1946-1948. 19th Bombardment: 1944-1946. 29th Bombardment: 1944-1946. 35th Fighter: 1946-1948. 39th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 49th Fighter: 1946-1948. 330th Bombardment: 1944-1945.

Wings. 35th Fighter: 1951-1952. 58th Fighter: 1955-. 374th Troop Carrier: 1950-1951. 437th Troop Carrier: 1950-1951.

Stations. Peterson Field, Colo, 23 Apr-9 Dec 1944; North Field, Guam, 16 Jan 1945; Johnson AB, Japan, 15 Jun 1946-20 Aug 1948. Nagoya, Japan, 1 Dec 1950-1 Mar 1952. Osan-Ni, Korea, 15 Mar 1955-.

Commanders. Brig Gen Roger M Ramey, 1 Jun 1944; Lt Col Hewitt T Wheless, 15 Jun 1944; Col John G Fowler, 24 Jun 1944; Brig Gen Thomas S Power, 29 Aug 1944; Col Carl R Storrie, 23 Jul 1945-unkn; Brig Gen Jarred V Crabb, c. Jun 1946; Col Clarence D Wheeler, 30 Jul 1946; Brig Gen David W Hutchison, 23 Aug 1946; Brig Gen Herbert B Thatcher, 18 Feb 1947; Col Edward H Underhill, c. Apr 1947-1948. Brig Gen Delmar T Spivey, 1 Dec 1950-1 Mar 1952. Col William W Momyer, 15 Mar 1955; Col Thomas L Mosley, c. Sep 1955-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Western Pacific.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue disc, in sinister base, a globe, proper, with silver water areas and brown land areas, fimbriated gold, winged at dexter by a stylized wing of the last, charged with four aerial bombs gules palewise, points to base. Motto: Destructio Ab Alto - Destruction from Above. (Approved 20 Jan 1945. This insigne was modified 9 May 1956.)

315th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 315th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) on 7 Jul 1944 and activated on 17 Jul. Moved to Guam, Mar-Apr 1945. Assigned to Twentieth AF. Engaged in very heavy bombardment operations from Jun to Aug 1945. Redesignated 315th Composite Wing in Jan 1946. Assigned to Far East Air Forces. Moved to Japan in May 1946. Inactivated on 20 Aug 1948.

Redesignated 315th Air Division (Combat Cargo). Activated in Japan on 25 Jan 1951. Assigned to Far East Air Forces. Participated in aerial supply and evacuation operations for United Nations forces in Korea, 1951-1953. Assisted the French in Indochina, 1953-1954.

Components. Groups. 8th Fighter: 1946-1947. 16th Bombardment: 1944-1946. 38th Bombardment: 1946-1948. 331st Bombardment: 1944-1946. 501st Bombardment: 1944-1946. 502d Bombardment: 1944-1946.

Wings. 315th Troop Carrier: 1952-1954. 374th Troop Carrier: 1951-. 403d Troop Carrier: 1952. 437th Troop Carrier: 1951-1952. 483d Troop Carrier: 1954-.

Stations. Peterson Field, Colo, 17 Jul 1944-7 Mar 1945; Northwest Field, Guam, 5 Apr 1945; Ashiya, Japan, 30 May 1946; Itazuke, Japan, 3 Sep 1946-20 Aug 1948. Ashiya, Japan, 25 Jan 1951; Fuchu, Japan, 4 Feb 1951; Tachikawa, Japan, 24 Apr 1954-.

Commanders. Lt Col Robert A Koeper, 28 Jul 1944; Lt Col Stanley A Zidiales, 11 Aug 1944; Brig Gen Frank A Armstrong Jr, 18 Nov 1944; Col Leland S Stranathan, 25 Jan 1946; Col Vincent M Miles Jr, 15 Apr 1946; Col Hugh A Parker, c. Sep 1946; Col Travis M Hetherington, 7 Jun 1947; Col Joshua H Foster Jr, 19 Jun 1948; Col Marden M Munn, Jul -20 Aug 1948. Maj Gen William H Tunner, 25 Jan 1951; Brig Gen John P Henebry, 8 Feb 1951; Col Cecil H Childre, 26 Feb 1952; Maj Gen Chester E McCarty, 10 Apr 1952; Maj Gen Russell L Waldron, 3 Dec 1954-.

Campaigns. World War II: Air Offensive, Japan; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific. Korean War: 1st UN Counter-offensive; CCF Spring Offensive; UN Summer-Fall Offensive; Second Korean Winter; Korea Summer-Fall, 1952; Third Korean Winter; Korea Summer-Fall, 1953.

Decorations. Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation: 1 Jul 1951-27 Jul 1953.

Insigne. A white disc charged in base with a medium blue representation of Mt. Fujiyama, between a lagged lightning flash in dexter fesse and a like flash in sinister fesse of the last, each passing through a yellow, quarter moon, all within a border of the second, and surmounted by a large, dark red Torn pierced at center with a chevron couped inverted, above a sphere of the second outlined, marked, and charged with the Southern Cross constellation of the first, at the center of a stylized pair of golden orange wings in base. (Approved 25 Apr 1947. This insigne was modified 11 Oct 1954.)

316th Bombardment Wing

Constituted as 316th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) on 4 Aug 1944 and activated on 14 Aug. Moved to Okinawa, Jul-Sep 1945. Assigned to Eighth AF and later (1946) to Far East Air Forces. Redesignated 316th Composite Wing in Jan 1946, and 316th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) in May 1946. Inactivated on Okinawa on 21 Jun 1948.

Redesignated 316th Air Division (Defense). Organized in French Morocco on 18 Sep 1953. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe.

Components. Groups. 22d: 1946-1948. 333d: 1944-1946. 346th: 1944-1946. 382d: 1944-1945. 383d: 1944-1945. Squadrons. 35th Fighter: 1953-. 45th Fighter: 1953-.

Stations. Peterson Field, Colo, 14 Aug 1944-7 Jul 1945; Kadena, Okinawa, 5 Sep 1945-21 Jun 1948. Rabat/Sale, French Morocco, 18 Sep 1953-.

Commanders. Col Howard W Gray, 26 Aug 1944; Col Joseph J Nazzaro, 22 Nov 1944; Col Thomas J DuBose, 5 Dec 1944; Col Joseph J Nazzaro, 1 Dec 1945; Brig Gen Richard C Lindsay, 21 Jan 1946; Col Clarence A Neely, 3 Mar 1947; Col Francis L Rivard, 13 Sep 1947; Brig Gen Charles T Myers, 1 Oct 1947; Col John F Wadman, 11 Dec 1947; Col Walter E Arnold, 11 May-21 Jun 1948. Col John R Kane, 21 Sep 1953; Col Richard P Fulcher, 26 Dec 1953; Col Woodrow W Dunlop, 13 Nov 1954; Col Wallace S Ford, 23 Jun 1955-.

Campaigns. Asiatic-Pacific Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue disc, marked with stylized latitude and longitude lines argent, a lion rampant, holding aloft in the dexter paw a sword, all of the last. (Approved 12 Feb 1945. This insigne was superseded by a new emblem on 15 Nov 1955.)

322d Troop Carrier Wing

Constituted as 322d Troop Carrier Wing on 4 Dec 1944 and activated by Far East Air Forces on 30 Dec. Operated in the southwestern and western Pacific areas until the end of the war. Inactivated in the Philippines on 15 Feb 1946.

Allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 12 Jun 1947. Redesignated 322d Air Division (Troop Carrier) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Redesignated 322d Air Division (Combat Cargo). Activated in Germany on i Mar 1954. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe.

Components. Groups. 374th: 1945-1946. 440th: 1947-1949.

Wings. 60th Troop Carrier: 1955-. 317th Troop Carrier: 1955-. 465th Troop Carrier: 1955-.

Stations. Hollandia, New Guinea, 30 Dec 1944; Manila, Luzon, 22 Jul 1945-15 Feb 1946. Lowry Field, Colo, 12 Jun 1947-27 Jun 1949. Wiesbaden, Germany, 1 Mar 1954; Ramstein, Germany, c. 22 Mar 1954; Evreux/Fauville AB, France, 12 Aug 1957-.

Commanders. Col Ray T Elsmore, 30 Dec 1944; Col Leo H Dawson, 17 Oct 1945-unkn. Col Lucion N Powell, 1 Mar 1954; Brig Gen Franklin Rose, 17 May 1954-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Argent between the points of a flying dart gules, a sphere of the field, with axis, latitude lines, longitude lines and outline sable; in dexter chief a cross couped of the second, winged of the first; in sinister base a parachute gules, lines and detail black; two points pointed bendwise, one in dexter base and one in sinister chief azure. (Approved 16 Aug 1956.)

323d Combat Crew Training Wing

Constituted as Boston Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 11 Aug. Redesignated Boston Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Defended the New England area; also trained fighter organizations and personnel. Apparently was not manned from Jul 1944 until Feb 1945. Redesignated 323d Combat Crew Training Wing. Trained very heavy bombardment personnel from Mar until Aug 1945. Apparently had no personnel assigned after Aug. Inactivated on 8 Apr 1946.

Redesignated 323d Troop Carrier Wing and allotted to the reserve. Activated on 1 Aug 1947. Redesignated 323d Air Division (Troop Carrier) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Redesignated 323d Air Division. Activated on 1 Jul 1958. Assigned to Military Air Transport Service.

Groups. 58th Fighter: 1943. 79th Fighter: 1942. 325th Fighter: 1942-1943. 359th Fighter: 1943. 434th Troop Carrier: 1947-1949. 436th Troop Carrier: 1947-1948. (Other groups assigned for short periods for operations or training, 1942-1944.)

Stations. Boston, Mass, 11 Aug 1942; MacDill Field, Fla, Feb 1945-8 Apr 1946. Stout Field, Ind, 1 Aug 1947-27 Jun 1949. Travis AFB, Calif, 1 Jul 1958-.

Commanders. Col Minthorne W Reed, 11 Aug 1942; Col Glenn O Barcus, 25 Mar 1943; Col Laurence C Craigle, 6 Apr 1943; Lt Col Bingham T Kleine, 11 Jun 1943; Col Louis M Merrick, 22 Jul 1943; Lt Col J Marshall Booker, 29 Apr-c. 31 Jul 1944; Col Howard Moore, 22 Feb 1945; Col Frank Allen, 29 May 1945-unkn. Unkn, 1958-.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

325th Reconnaissance Wing

Constituted as 325th Photographic Wing (Reconnaissance) on 17 Jul 1944. Activated in England on 9 Aug 1944. Assigned to Eighth AF. Served in the European theater until after V-E Day. Redesignated 325th Reconnaissance Wing in Jun 1945. Inactivated in England on 20 Oct 1945.

Allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 9 Apr 1947. Redesignated 325th Air Division (Reconnaissance) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Groups. 7th Reconnaissance: 1944-1945. 25th Bombardment (Reconnaissance): 1944-1945. 68th Reconnaissance: 1947-1949. 70th Reconnaissance: 1947-1949. 72d Reconnaissance: 1947-1949.

Stations. High Wycombe, England, 9 Aug 1944-20 Oct 1945. Hamilton Field, Calif, 9 Apr 1947-27 Jun 1949.

Commanders. Col Elliott Roosevelt, 9 Aug 1944; Brig Gen Charles Y Banfill, 17 Jan 1945; Brig Gen Elliott Roosevelt, 22 Jan 1945; Col Leon W Gray, 13 Apr 1945; Col George W Humbrecht, 19 Jun-c. Oct 1945.

Campaigns. Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Los Angeles Fighter Wing

Constituted as Los Angeles Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 20 Aug. Assigned to Fourth AF. Redesignated Los Angeles Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Provided air defense for the Los Angeles area. Also trained fighter groups and personnel. Disbanded on 7 Jun 1944.

Groups. 20th: 1943. 329th: 1943-1944. 360th: 1943-1944. 364th: 1943-1944. 412th: 1943-1944. 473d: 1943-1944. 474th: 1943-1944. 479th: 1943-1944.

Stations. Los Angeles, Calif, 20 Aug 1942-7 Jun 1944.

Commanders. Col Robert S Israel Jr, Aug 1942; Maj Henry G Thorne Jr, c. 11 Dec 1942; Brig Gen Edward M Morris, c. 6 Jan 1943; Lt Col Henry G Thorne Jr, c. 21 Mar 1943; Col Ralph A Smavely, c. 25 Mar 1943; Lt Col Merrick Bayer, c. 4 Aug 1943; Col Romulus W Puryear, c. 16 Aug 1943; Col Ralph A Smavely, c. 8 Dec 1943; Lt Col Edward G Hillery, c. 26 Mar 1944; Lt Col John O Zahn, 5 Apr 1944; Maj Gomer Lewis, 1 May-c. 7 Jun 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

NEW YORK Fighter Wing

Constituted as New York Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 11 Aug. Assigned to First AF. Redesignated New York Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Served in defense of the New York area and also trained fighter groups and personnel. Evidently not manned after Jul 1944. Inactivated on 3 Apr 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 56th: 1942. 58th: 1943. Both: 1942-1943. 326th: 1942-1943. 348th: 1942-1943. 352d: 1942-1943. 356th: 1943-359th: 1943. 362d: 1943. 368th: 1943. 370th: 1943. 373d: 1943. 402d: 1943.

Stations. New York, NY, 11 Aug 1942-3 Apr 1946.

Commanders. Col Davis D Graves, Aug 1942; Lt Col Othel R Deering, c. 19 Dec 1942; Col Morley F Slaght, c. 17 Jan 1943; Lt Col Othel R Deering, c. 19 Jan 1943; Brig Gen Earle E Partridge, c. 27 Jan 1943; Col Othel R Deering, c. 20 Apr 1943; Brig Gen Laurence C Craigle, Jun 1943; Maj Clayton J Larson, c. 22 Nov 1943; Col Stewart W Towle Jr, 2 Dec 1943-c. 2-9 Jul 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Norfolk Fighter Wing

Constituted as Norfolk Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 11 Aug. Assigned to First AF. Redesignated Norfolk Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Served in the defense of the Norfolk area. Not manned after Jul 1944. Inactivated on 3 Apr 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. (Operated with attached AAF organizations and cooperating naval aircraft.)

Stations. Norfolk, Va, 11 Aug 1942-3 Apr 1946.

Commanders. Col Malcolm N Stewart, 11 Aug 1942; Col Murray C Woodbury, 24 Sep 1942; Maj Earl H Dunham, Apr 1943; Col Burton M Hovey Jr, c. 29 Jun 1943-unkn; Lt Col Earl H Dunham, 14 Aug 1943; Lt Col Otis F Tabler, c. 25 Nov 1943; Lt Col Charles A Gayle, c. 2 Apr-c. 26 Jul 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Orlando Fighter Wing

Constituted as Air Defense Department, AAF School of Applied Tactics on 27 Nov 1942. Activated on 3 Dec 1942. Helped to develop air defense tactics and trained organizations and personnel in the techniques of air defense. Also served in defense of the Orlando area, using such tactical organizations as were assigned or attached. Redesignated Orlando Fighter Wing in Oct 1943. Continued to provide defense for the Orlando area but engaged primarily in training fighter and light bombardment organizations and personnel. Disbanded on 1 Apr 1944.

Components. (See the narrative.)

Stations. Orlando, Fla, 3 Dec 1942-1 Apr 1944.

Commanders. Col Earl W Barnes, Dec 1942; Col Orrin L Grover, c. 31 Jul 1943, Col Norman D Sillin, c. 1 Nov 1943; Lt Col Hervey H Whitfield, 8 Dec 1943; Col Orrin L Grover, 20 Feb 1944; Col Phineas K Morrill Jr, 1 Mar-1 Apr 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Philadelphia Fighter Wing

Constituted as Philadelphia Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 11 Aug. Assigned to First AF. Redesignated Philadelphia Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Served in defense of the Philadelphia area and also trained fighter groups and personnel. Not manned after 31 Jul 1944. Inactivated on 3 Apr 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 33d: 1942. 58th: 1943. 83d: 1943. 87th: 1943. 324th: 1942. 327th: 1943. 353d: 1942-1943. 355th: 1943. 358th: 1943. 361st: 1943. 365th: 1943. 366th: 1943. 371st: 1943.

Stations. Philadelphia, Pa, 11 Aug 1942-3 Apr 1946.

Commanders. Col Elwood R Quesada, Aug 1942; Col Glenn O Barcus, Dec 1942; Col William R Morgan, c. 23 Mar 1943; Col Glenn 0 Barcus, c. 7 Apr 1943; Col William R Morgan, c. 13 Apr 1943; Brig Gen George F Schulgen, c. 21 May 1943; Col Burton M Hovey Jr, c. 5 Jul 1943; Brig Gen George F Schulgen, c. 12 Oct 1943; Brig Gen Richard E Nugent, c. 18 Oct 1943; Col Burton M Hovey Jr, c. 1 Nov 1943; Col Morris R Nelson, c. 2 Dec 1943; Maj Joseph S Littlepage, c. 27 Dec 1943-c. 31 Jul 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

San Diego Fighter Wing

Constituted as San Diego Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 20 Aug. Assigned to Fourth AF. Redesignated San Diego Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Served in defense of the San Diego area. Disbanded on 7 Jun 1944.

Components. (Operated with an attached AAF squadron and cooperating naval aircraft.)

Stations. San Diego, Calif, 20 Aug 1942-7 Jun 1944.

Commanders. Maj Kenneth R Martin, Aug 1942; Lt Col Paul W Blanchard Jr, c. 2 Nov 1942; Col Joseph A Bulger, c. 5 Feb 1943; Lt Col John O Zahn, 14 Oct 1943; Capt John W Etheredge, 27 Mar 1944; Lt Col Edward G Hillery, 7 Apr 1944; Lt Col Benjamin W Martin, 20 May-7 Jun 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

San Francisco Fighter Wing

Constituted as San Francisco Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 20 Aug. Assigned to Fourth AF. Redesignated San Francisco Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Served in defense of the San Francisco area. Also trained fighter groups and personnel. Disbanded on 7 Jun 1944.

Groups. 328th: 1943-1944. 354th: 1943. 357th: 1943. 363d: 1943. 367th: 1943-1944. 369th: 1943-1944. 372d: 1943. 478th: 1943-1944.

Stations. San Francisco, Calif, 20 Aug 1942-7 Jun 1944.

Commanders. Lt Col Ronald F Fallows, 20 Aug 1942; Col Jesse Auton, c. 16 Jan 1943; Lt Col John R Ulricson, c. 11 Apr 1943; Brig Gen Ned Schramm, c. 2 May 1943; Col John C Crosthwaite, 19 Nov 1943; Brig Gen Warren R Carter, 20 Dec 1943; Col John C Crosthwaite, 22 Jan 1944; Brig Gen Dean C Strother, 8 Feb 1944; Col Aaron W Tyer, 25 Feb 1944-unkn; Col Errol H Zistel, 1 Apr 1944; Maj Otis B Hocker, 16 May-7 Jun 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: On a bezant a hurt charged with a stylized red drawn-bow and arrow of four conventionalized feathers, points upwards, the bowstring consisting of a blue flash and a blue search light bcam, within the lower arc of the ends of the bow, gold. (Approved 5 Feb 1943.)

Seattle Fighter Wing

Constituted as Seattle Air Defense Wing on 6 Aug 1942 and activated on 20 Aug. Assigned to Fourth AF. Redesignated Seattle Fighter Wing in Jul 1943. Provided air defense for the northwest. Also trained fighter groups and personnel. Disbanded on 7 Jun 1944.

Groups. 55th: 1943. 372d: 1943-1944. 478th: 1944.

Stations. Seattle, Wash, 20 Aug 1942-7 Jun 1944.

Commanders. Col James W McCauley, 20 Aug 1942; Brig Gen Edward M Morris, c. 5 Dec 1942; Col James W McCauley, c. 18 Dec 1942; Lt Col Wilbur H Stratton, c. 22 Oct 1943; Col John C Crosthwaite, 22 Feb 1944; Lt Col John O Zahn, 1 Apr 1944; Col Clarence T Edwinson, 4 Apr 1944; Maj Norman S Archibald, 27 Apr 1944; Lt Col Richard E Carlgren, 1 May-c. 7 Jun 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Trinidad Wing, Antilees Air Command

Constituted as VI Interceptor Command on 17 Oct 1941 and activated in Puerto Rico on 25 Oct. Redesignated VI Fighter Command in May 1942, and Trinidad Wing, Antilles Air Command in Oct 1943. Disbanded in Trinidad on 15 Mar 1944.

Components. Unkn.

Stations. Borinquen Field, PR, 25 Oct 1941; Henry Barracks, PR, 20 Mar 1943; Waller Field, Trinidad, 15 May 1943-15 Mar 1944.

Commanders. Brig Gen Edwin J House, Dec 1941-unkn; Brig Gen Charles F Born, Oct 1942-Unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Divisions

1st AIR Division

Constituted as 1st Bombardment Division on 30 Aug 1943. Activated in England on 13 Sep 1943. Assigned to Eighth AF. Redesignated 1st Air Division in Dec 1944. Served in combat in the European theater from Sep 1943 until Apr 1945, receiving a DUC for an attack on aircraft factories in central Germany on 11 Jan 1944. Inactivated in England on 31 Oct 1945.

Activated on Okinawa on 7 Jun 1946. Assigned to Far East Air Forces. Served as an air defense organization. Inactivated on 1 Dec 1948.

Activated in the US on 1 Jul 1954. Assigned to Strategic Air Command. Apparently had no combat components assigned and was never adequately manned. Inactivated on 1 Apr 1955.

Activated on 15 Apr 1955. Assigned to Strategic Air Command. Had no combat elements assigned. Conducted high altitude meteorological research. Inactivated on 20 May 1956.

Redesignated 1st Missile Division. Activated on 15 Apr 1957. Assigned to Air Research and Development Command. No combat elements were assigned at the time of activation.

Wings. 1st Bombardment: 1943-1945. 2d Bombardment: 1945. 32d Composite: 1948. 40th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 41st Bombardment: 1943-1945. 51st Fighter: 1948. 67th Fighter: 1944-1945. 71st Reconnaissance: 1948. 92d Bombardment: 1943. 94th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 301st Fighter: 1946-1948. 316th Bombardment: 1946-1948.

Stations. Brampton Grange, England, 13 Sep 1943; Alconbury, England, c. 20 Sep-31 Oct 1945. Kadena, Okinawa, 7 Jun 1946-1 Dec 1948. Westover AFB, Mass, 1 Jul 1954-1 Apr 1955. Offutt AFB, Neb, 15 Apr 1955-20 May 1956. Los Angeles, Calif, 15 Apr 1957-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Robert B Wilhams, 16 Sep 1943; Maj Gen Howard M Turner, 22 Oct 1944; Brig Gen Bartlett Beaman, 26 Sep 1945-unkn. Brig Gen Patrick W Timberlake, 7 Jun 1946; Maj Gen Albert F Hegenberger, Sep 1946; Maj Gen Charles T Myers, Dec 1947-1 Dec 1948. Lt Col Robert G Bradley, c. Jan 1955-unkn. Maj Gen William P Fisher, 15 Apr 1955-20 May 1956. Col William A Sheppard, 15 Apr 1957-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citation: Germany, 11 Jan 1944.

Insigne. Shield: Per fess nebuly abased azure and or fimbriated argent, issuant from base a demi-sphere with grid lines and land masses of the third, the latter outlined of the first and water areas proper, heightened and encircled by two olive branches vert nerved of the second; surmounting the sphere in pale, a lightning flash gules terminating in chief accosted by two smaller flashes of the like in base radiant from the sphere; in dexter chief a descending nose cone in bend proper, with seven streaks of the third, in sinister chief four mullets of the like, all within a diminished border of the last. (Approved 17 Aug 1959.)

I Tactical Air Division

Constituted as IV Air Support Command on 21 Aug 1941. Activated on 3 Sep 1941. Redesignated IV Ground Air Support Command in Apr 1942, IV Air Support Command in Sep 1942, III Tactical Air Division in Aug 1943, and I Tactical Air Division in Apr 1944. At various times, supervised heavy bomber flights to Hawaii, gave air support to ground units in training, participated in air-ground maneuvers, and put on air support demonstrations. Inactivated on 22 Dec 1945. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Fresno, Calif, 3 Sep 1941; Hamilton Field, Calif, 11 Sep 1941; Presidio of San Francisco, Calif, Feb 1942; Thermal AAFld, Calif, Jan 1943; Camp Young, Calif, c. Sep 1943; Thermal AAFld, Calif, c. 15 Dec 1943; Esler Field, La, Apr 1944; Alexandria AAFld, La, Sep 1945; Barksdale Field, La, c. 16 Nov 1945; Biggs Field, Tex, c. 23 Nov-22 Dec 1945.

Commanders. Col Robert C Candee, Sep 1941; Lt Col Errol H Zistel, 27 Dec 1941; Brig Gen Jacob H Rudolph, 11 Apr 1942; Lt Col James R Gunn Jr, 23 Jan 1943; Col Clarence E Crumrine, 16 Feb 1943; Col Aubrey W Scholfield, 9 Nov 1943; Lt Col John T Shields, 18 Dec 1943; Brig Gen Ford L Fair, 24 Dec 1943; Col Charles G Chandler Jr, 1 May 1945; Col Joseph W Baylor, 15 Aug 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

2d Air Division

Constituted as 2d Bombardment Division on 30 Aug 1943. Activated in England on 13 Sep 1943. Assigned to Eighth AF. Redesignated 2d Air Division in Dec 1944. Served in combat in the European theater from Sep 1943 until Apr 1945 Moved to the US in Jun 1945. Disbanded on 28 Aug 1945.

Organized in Germany on 1 Jun 1949. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe as a fighter-bomber organization. Discontinued in Germany on 7 May 1951.

Activated in Germany on 20 Apr 1953. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe. Was inadequately manned and had no combat components assigned. Transferred, without personnel and equipment, to Saudi Arabia in Mar 1954. Manned in the spring of 1954, but had no combat components assigned. Supervised USAF facilities in Saudi Arabia.

Wings. 2d Bombardment: 1943-1945. 14th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 20th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 36th Fighter: 1949-1951. 65th Fighter: 1944-1945. 86th Fighter: 1949-1951. 93d Bombardment: 1943-1944. 96th Bombardment: 1944-1945.

Stations. Horsham St Faith, England, 13 Sep 1943; Ketteringham Hall, England, c. 10 Dec 1943-c. 22 Jun 1945; Sioux Falls AAFld, SD, c. 3 Jul-28 Aug 1945. Wiesbaden, Germany, 1 Jun 1949; Landsberg, Germany, 10 Jun 1949-7 May 1951. Ramstein, Germany, 20 Apr 1953-1 Mar 1954; Dhafiran, Saudi Arabia, 1 Mar 1954-.

Commanders. Brig Gen James P Hodges, 13 Sep 1943; Brig Gen Edward J Timberlake Jr, 16 Sep 1943; Maj Gen James P Hodges, 4 Oct 1943; Maj Gen William E Kepner, 1 Aug 1944; Brig Gen Walter R Peck, 10 May 1945; Col Harry McGee, c. 1 Jun 1945-unkn. Brig Gen Thomas C Darcy, 1 Jun 1949-May 1951. Brig Gen Orrin L Grover, 1 Mar 1954; Col George W Humbrecht, 13 Apr 1955; Brig Gen George F Schlatter, 27 Jun 1955-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Azure (dark blue) double bordered or and of the first (light blue) a stylized wing of the second, charged with two Doric columns, architrave and base all outlined of the first. (Approved 14 Oct 1954.)

II Tactical Air Division

Constituted as II Air Support Command on 21 Aug 1941. Activated on 1 Sep 1941. Redesignated II Ground Air Support Command in Apr 1942, II Air Support Command in Sep 1942, and II Tactical Air Division in Aug 1943. Participated in various air-ground maneuvers, supported ground units in training, and put on air support demonstrations. Inactivated on 22 Dec 1945. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Ft Douglas, Utah, 1 Sep 1941; Will Rogers Field, Okla, c. Oct 1941; Birmingham, Ala, c. 1 Apr 1942; Geiger Field, Wash, 26 May 1942; Reno, Nev, 27 May 1942; Colorado Springs, Colo, Jul 1942; Barksdale Field, La, 15 Mar 1943; DeRidder AAB, La, c. 31 Mar 1944; Stuttgart AAFld, Ark, Feb 1945; Barksdale Field, La, c. 12 Nov 1945; Biggs Field, Tex, c. 23 Nov-22 Dec 1945.

Commanders. Lt Col Bernard S Thompson, 4 Sep 1941; Col Hume Peabody, 11 Oct 1941; Brig Gen William E Lynd, 18 Mar 1942; Brig Gen John B Brooks, 15 Jun 1942; Col Arthur G Hamilton, 2 Dec 1942; Brig Gen Carlyle H Wash, 14 Dec 1942; Col Dache McC Reeves, 30 Jan 1943; Col Arthur G Hamilton, 29 Sep 943; Col Clarence D Wheeler, 5 May 1944; Col Yancey S Tarrant, 18 Jul 1945; Col Charles G Chandler Jr, 20 Aug 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. A disc per fess, dovetailed azure and vert, within a border argent. (Approved 15 Mar 1943.)

3d Air Division

Constituted as 3d Bombardment Division on 30 Aug 1943. Activated in England on 13 Sep 1943. Assigned to Eighth AF. Redesignated 34 Air Division in Dec 1944. Served in combat in the European theater from Sep 1943 until Apr 1945. Inactivated in England on 21 Nov 1945.

Organized in England on 23 Aug 1948. Assigned first to United States Air Forces in Europe, later (Jan 1949) directly to USAF, and again (Jan 1951) to United States Air Forces in Europe. Had no combat elements assigned but directed the training of Strategic Air Command components on temporary duty in the United Kingdom. Also provided some logistic support for the Berlin airlift, 1948-1949. Discontinued in England on 1 May 1951.

Activated in Germany on 25 Oct 1953. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe. Apparently was inadequately manned and had no combat components assigned. Inactivated in Germany on 1 Mar 1954.

Activated on Guam on 18 Jun 1954. Assigned to Strategic Air Command. Given operational control over Strategic Air Command wings on temporary duty in the Far East.

Wings. 4th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 13th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 14th Bombardment: 1945. 20th Bombardment: 1945. 45th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 65th Fighter: 1945. 66th Fighter: 1944-1945. 67th Fighter: 1945. 92d Bombardment: 1943-1945. 93d Bombardment: 1944-1945.

Stations. Camp Blainey, England, 13 Sep 1943; Honington, England, c. 27 Oct-21 Nov 1945. Marham, England, 23 Aug 1948; Bushy Park, England, 8 Sep 1948; Victoria Park Estate, England, 15 Apr 1949-1 May 1951. Wiesbaden, Germany, 25 Oct 1953-1 Mar 1954. Andersen AFB, Guam, 18 Jun 1954-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Curtis E LeMay, 13 Sep 1943; Maj Gen Earle E Partridge, 21 Jun 1944; Brig Gen Norris B Harbold, 14 May 1945; Brig Gen Eugene L Eubank, 6 Jun 1945; Brig Gen Murray C Woodbury, c. 6 Sep 1945; Brig Gen Harold Q Huglin, 25 Sep 1945-unkn. Maj Gen Leon W Johnson, Aug 1948-1 May 1951. Maj Russel R Frederick, 26 Dec 1953-unkn. Brig Gen Joseph D C Caldara, 18 Jun 1954; Brig Gen Nils 0 Ohman, 10 Feb 1955-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Azure, three lightning bolts, points to base, radiating to chief or. (Approved 14 Mar 1955.)

9th Air Division

Constituted as 19th Composite Wing on 8 May 1929. Activated on 1 Apr 1931. Moved to the Panama Canal Zone in Jan 1933. Redesignated 19th Wing in 1937, and 19th Bombardment Wing in 1940. Inactivated in the Canal Zone on 25 Oct 1941.

Activated in the US on 24 Jul 1942. Moved to Egypt, Sep-Nov 1942. Assigned to Ninth AF. Redesignated IX Bomber Command in Nov 1942. Operated in the Mediterranean area until Oct 1943. Moved to the European theater, Oct-Nov 1943, and served as a tactical bombardment force in that area until V-E Day. Redesignated 9th Bombardment Division (Medium) in Aug 1944, and 9th Air Division in May 1945. Inactivated in Europe on 20 Nov 1945.

Redesignated 19th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy). Allotted to the reserve. Activated in the US on 20 Dec 1946. Redesignated 19th Air Division (Bombardment) in Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949.

Redesignated 19th Air Division. Organized on 16 Feb 1951. Assigned to Strategic Air Command.

Components. Groups. 6th Bombardment: 1931-1941. 9th Bombardment: 1940_1941. 12th Bombardment: 1942-1943. 16th Pursuit 1933-1940. 20th Pursuit: 1931-1933. 37th Pursuit: 1940. 94th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 96th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 98th Bombardment: 1942-1943. 99th Bombardment: 1947-1949. 321st Bombardment: 1942-1943. 376th Bombardment: 1942-1943.

Wings. 7th Bombardment: 1951-. 11th Bombardment: 1951-. 97th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 98th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 99th Bombardment: 1943-1945.

Stations. Mitchel Field, NY, 1 Apr 1931-Jan 1933; Albrook Field, CZ, 25 Jan 1933-25 Oct 1941. MacDill Field, Fla, 24 Jul-28 Sep 1942; Ismailia, Egypt, 12 Nov 1942; Bengasi, Libya, 15 Feb-1 Oct 1943; Marks Hall, England, 6 Nov 1943; Chartres, France, 18 Sep 1944; Reims, France, Oct 1944; Namur, Belgium, Apr-20 Nov 1945. Birmingham AAB, Ala, 20 Dec 1946-27 Jun 1949. Carswell AFB Tex, 16 Feb 1951-.

Commanders. Lt Col William C McCord, 1933; Brig Gen George H Brett, c. Jun 1936; Brig Gen Herbert A Dargue, c. Sep 1938; Brig Gen Douglas B Netherwood, 30 Oct 1940; Brig Gen Edwin B Lyon, 4 Aug-25 Oct 1941. Brig Gen Patrick W Timberlake, 12 Nov 1942; Brig Gen Uzal G Ent, c. 18 Mar 1943; Maj Gen Samuel E Anderson, 16 Oct 1943; Brig Gen Richard C Sanders, 24 May 1945; Col Reginald F C Vance, 12 Aug-Nov 1945. Maj Gen Clarence S Irvine, 16 Feb 1951; Brig Gen J W Kelly, 10 Apr 1952; Brig Gen John D Ryan, 4 Aug 1953-.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Egypt-Libya; Air Offensive, Europe; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Azure, surmounting a lightning flash gules, a globe argent with latitude and longitude lines dark blue and encircled with a planetary ring of the last strewn with stars of the third and fimbriated of the like all bendwise, in chief an olive branch fesswise or, all within a diminished border of the third. (Approved 11 Mar 1959.)

Commands

I Bomber Command

Constituted as Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command on 13 Oct 1942 and activated in the US on 15 Oct. Assigned directly to AAF. Redesignated 1 Bomber Command in Aug 1943. Assigned to First AF. Conducted antisubmarine Operations from bases in the US, the Caribbean, Newfoundland, Northwest Africa, and England from Oct 1942 until Oct 1943. Afterward, trained bombardment organizations and personnel. Inactivated on 21 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 25th Antisubmarine: 1942-1943. 26th Antisubmarine: 1942-1943.

Commanders. Brig Gen Westside T Larson, 15 Oct 1942; Col George A McHenry, c. 10 Sep 1943; Brig Gen Caleb V Haynes, c. 1 Oct 1943-unkn.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater; Antisubmarine, EAME Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a disc azure, border or, a pile argent charged with a large, red aerial bomb palewise, all surmounted by a griffin or, facing toward dexter, fimbriated azure. (Approved 8 Jan 1946.)

I Fighter Command

Constituted as 1 Interceptor Command Stations. Activated on 5 Jun 1941. Assigned to First AF. Redesignated I Fighter Command in May 1942. Provided air defense for the east coast of the US (until Aug 1944); trained fighter personnel and organizations. Inactivated on 21 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. Boston Fighter: 1942-1944. New York Fighter: 1942-1944. Norfolk Fighter: 1942-1944. Philadelphia Fighter: 1942-1944.

Stations. Mitchel Field, NY, 5 Jun 1941; New York, NY, 27 Dec 1941. Mitchel Field, NY, 9 Jun 1942-21 Mar 1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen John C McDonnell, Jun 1941; Brig Gen John K Cannon, Mar-c. Sep 1942; Col Elwood R Quesada, c. 29 Sep 1942; Brig Gen Willis R Taylor, c. 25 Nov 1942; Brig Gen Glenn O Barcus, Apr 1943-c. 14 Apr 1944; Brig Gen John R Hawkins, c. 26 May 1944-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a geometrical figure formed by an octagon with invected sides azure, border gold, a pile argent debruised at base point by a mullet of the last and surmounted by a stylized falcon grasping two lightning bolts in claws, diving bendwise and emitting speed lines, all or. (Approved 11 Jun 1943.)

I Troop Carrier Command

Established as Air Transport Command on 30 Apr 1942. Assigned directly to AAF. Redesignated 1 Troop Carrier Command in Jul 1942. Trained troop carrier organizations and personnel. Disbanded on 4 Nov 1945.

Wings. 50th: 1942-1943, 1945. 51st: 1942. 52d: 1942-1943, 1945. 53d: 1942-1944. 60th: 1943-1945. 61st: 1943-1945.

Stations. Washington, DC, 30 Apr 1942; Stout Field, Ind, c. 20 May 1942-4 Nov 1945.

Commanders. Brig Gen Fred S Borum, 30 Apr 1942; Col Reed G Landis, 3 Aug 1943; Brig Gen Frederick W Evans, 4 Oct 1943; Brig Gen William D Old, 26 Aug 1944; Maj Gen Paul L Williams, c. Aug-c. 4 Nov 1945.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue disc edged in gold, a stylized condor clutching in its dexter claw a Paratrooper carrying a "tommy" gun, ready for action. Motto: VINCIT QUI PRIMUM GERIT - He conquers who gets there first. (Approved 21 Oct 1942.)

II Bomber Command

Constituted as II Bomber Command on 4 Sep 1941 and activated on 5 Sep. Assigned to Second AF. Trained bombardment organizations. Also patrolled the west coast (until May 1943). Disbanded on 6 Oct 1943.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Ft George Wright, Wash, 5 Sep 1941-6 Oct 1943.

Commanders. Brig Gen John B Brooks, 29 Sep 1941; Brig Gen Eugene L Eubank, c. 20 Jul 1942; Col Albert F Hegenberger, c. 4 Sep 1942; Brig Gen Robert B Wiliams, Oct 1942; Brig Gen Eugene L Eubank, c. 1 May 1943; Col Hugo P Rush, 28 Sep-6 Oct 1943.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

III Air SUPPORT Command

Constituted as III Air Support Command on 21 Aug 1941. Activated on 1 Sep 1941. Assigned to Third AF. Trained air force organizations for support operations and assisted in training ground forces. Also conducted antisubmarine patrols. Disbanded on 16 Mar 1942.

Components. (Various observation and light bombardment organizations.)

Stations. Savannah AB, Ga, 1 Sep 1941; Drew Field, Fla, c. 1-16 Mar 1942.

Commanders. Col Asa N Duncan, Sep 1941; Lt Col Herbert B Thatcher, c. 28 Jan-16 Mar 1942.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

III Bomber Command

Constituted as III Bomber Command on 4. Sep 1941 and activated on 5 Sep. Assigned to Third AF. Trained bombardment organizations and personnel. Also patrolled in search of enemy submarines, Dec 1941-Aug 1942. Inactivated on 8 Apr 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Drew Field, Fla, 5 Sep 1941; MacDill Field, Fla, c. Sep 1941; Savannah AB, Ga, c. 10 Dec 1941; MacDill Field, Fla, c. 15 Dec 1941-8 Apr 1946.

Commanders. Maj Gen Follett Bradley, Sep 1941; Col James P Hodges, 4 Mar 1942; Brig Gen Samuel M Connell, 20 Mar 1942; Brig Gen Robert Olds, 25 Apr 1942; Brig Gen James E Parker, 4 Nov 1942; Brig Gen Robert C Oliver, 5 Jul 1944; Brig Gen Joseph H Atkinson, 14 Aug 1944-unkn.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

III Fighter Command

Constituted as III Interceptor Command on 26 May 1941. Activated on 17 Jun [or 14 Jul?] 1941. Assigned to Third AF. Redesignated III Fighter Command in May 1942. Trained fighter organizations and personnel. Also served in the defense of the southeastern US. Inactivated on 8 Apr 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Drew Field, Fla, 1941; MacDill Field, Fla, c. 1 Dec 1945-8 Apr 1946.

Commanders. Maj Gen Walter H Frank, 1941; Brig Gen Clarence L Tinker, 6 Nov 1941; Col Willis H Hale, 16-30 Dec 1941; Brig Gen Ralph Royce, 28-29 Jan 1942; Brig Gen Carlyle H Wash, 2 Mar 1942; Col George P Tourtellot, 26 Jun 1942; Brig Gen Adlai H Gilkeson, 8 Oct 1942; Brig Gen Thomas W Blackburn, 14 Mar 1944-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

III Reconnaissance Command

Constituted as I Air Support Command on 21 Aug 1941. Activated on 1 Sep 1941. Redesignated I Ground Air Support Command in Apr 1942, I Air Support Command in Sep 1942, I Tactical Air Division in Aug 1943, III Tactical Air Division in Apr 1944, and III Reconnaissance Command in Jun 1945. Flew antisubmarine patrols off the east coast, 7 Dec 1941-15 Oct 1942. Trained light bombardment crews, participated in air-ground maneuvers, and demonstrated air support techniques, Sep 1941-May 1944. Trained reconnaissance personnel and organizations, May 1944-1946. Inactivated on 9 Apr 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Mitchel Field, NY, 1 Sep 1941; Morris Field, NC, Nov 1942; Key Field, Miss, c. 3 Apr 1944; Rapid City AAB, SD, Nov 1945-9 Apr 1946.

Commanders. Col William E Kepner, 1 Sep 1941; Col Dache McC Reeves, c. 22 Feb 1942; Col John P Doyle, 2 Sep 1942; Brig Gen Robert M Webster, 2 Oct 1942; Col John P Doyle, c. 23 Apr 1943; Brig Gen Ralph F Stearley, 2 May 1943; Col John E Bodle, 1 Apr 1944; Brig Gen Edmund C Lynch, 24 Jun 1944; Col Robin A Day, 28 Jan 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue octagon, edged in gold, a golden representation of the bust of the Egyptian mythological hawk god Horus. (Approved 23 Jul 1942.)

III Tactical Air Command

Constituted as III Ground Air Support Command on 15 May 1942 and activated on 19 May. Assigned to Third AF. Redesignated III Air Support Command in Sep 1942, III Reconnaissance Command in Aug 1943, and III Tactical Air Command in Mar 1944. At various times, trained dive bombardment, light bombardment, and reconnaissance organizations and personnel; also gave air support to ground units in training and participated in airground maneuvers and demonstrations. Disbanded on 24 Oct 1945.

Divisions. I (formerly III) Tactical Air: 1944-1945. II Tactical Air: 1944-1945. III (formerly II Tactical Air): 1944.

Stations. Birmingham, Ala, 19 May 1942; Barksdale Field, La, c. 1 Apr 1944-24 Oct 1945.

Commanders. Brig Gen William E Lynd, 25 May 1942; Col Rosenham Beam, c. 21 Jun 1942; Brig Gen Arthur B McDaniel, 1 Oct 1942; Col John E Bodle, Dec 1943; Brig Gen Hume Peabody, 20 Mar 1944; Brig Gen John F McBlain, 17 Nov 1944; Brig Gen Gordon P Saville, 22 Mar 1945; Brig Gen Ford L Fair, 1 May 1945; Brig Gen James W McCauley, 20 Jul-24 Oct 1945.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

IV Bomber Command

Constituted as IV Bomber Command on Sep 1941 and activated on 19 Sep. Assigned to Fourth AF. Trained bombardment organizations and personnel. Also flew patrols along the west coast. Disbanded on 31 Mar 1944.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Tucson, Ariz, 19 Sep 1941; Hamilton Field, Calif, c. 8 Dec 1941; San Francisco, Calif, 5 Jan 1942-31 Mar 1944.

Commanders. Brig Gen Frank D Lackland, Sep 1941; Col Ronald A Hicks, 9 Nov 1941; Brig Gen Barney McK Giles, 13 Mar 1942; Brig Gen Howard K Ramey, 12 Aug 1942; Col Thomas W Steed, 8 Nov 1942; Brig Gcn Samuel M Connell, 11 Nov 1942; Col Charles B Dougher, 19 Feb 1944; Col Elder Patteson, 18-31 Mar 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue disc with a yellow border, a winged aerial bomb, nose down, beneath an olive chaplet inclosing a bomb sight, all yellow. (Approved 4 Dec 1941.)

IV Fighter Command

Constituted as IV Interceptor Command on 26 May 1941. Activated on 8 Jul 1941. Assigned to Fourth AF. Redesignated IV Fighter Command in May 1942. Provided air defense for the west coast; trained fighter organizations and personnel. Disbanded on 31 Mar 1944.

Wings. Los Angeles Fighter: 1942-1944. Seattle Fighter: 1942-1944. San Diego Fighter: 1942-1944. San Francisco Fighter: 1942-1944.

Stations. March Field, Calif, 8 Jul 1941; Riverside, Calif, c. Jul 1941; Oakland, Calif, Jun 1942-31 Mar 1944.

Commanders. Maj Gen Millard F Harmon, Jul 1941; Brig Gen William O Ryan, c. 3 Aug 1941; Brig Gen William E Kepner, c. 23 Feb 1942; Brig Gen Edward M Morris, 18 Mar 1943; Brig Gen Russell E Randall, 4 Dec 1943-31 Mar 1944.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a bezant bordered blue a blue falcon with white talons volant holding in base in its beak two red flashes in saltire. (Approved 28 Nov 1942.)

V Bomber Command

Constituted as V Bomber Command on 28 Oct 1941. Activated in the Philippines on 14 Nov 1941. Participated in the defense of the Philippines in Dec 1941. Late in Dec the remaining bombers and some men were evacuated to Australia, and in Jan 1942 they were moved to Java to help delay the Japanese advance in the Netherlands Indies. The command ceased to function in Mar 1942 (the AAF bombardment organizations in the Southwest Pacific being under the control of American-British-Dutch-Australian Command and later Allied Air Forces). Headquarters was remanned in Sep 1942 and shortly afterward it assumed control of AAF bombardment groups in Australia and New Guinea. The command served in combat with Fifth AF until the end of the war. Brig Gen Kenneth N Walker, who was lost during a mission to Rabaul on 5 Jan 1943, was awarded the Medal of Honor; he had repeatedly taken part in combat missions and had developed an effective technique for bombing when opposed by enemy interceptors and antiaircraft fire. After the war the command became part of the occupation force for Japan. Inactivated on 31 May 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 3d Bombardment: 1942-1946. 6th Reconnaissance: 1943. 7th Bombardment: 1942. 8th Fighter: 1942. 19th Bombardment: 1941-1942. 22d Bombardment: 1942-1945. 27th Bombardment: 1941-1942. 35th Fighter: 1945-1946. 38th Bombardment: 1942-1945. 43d Bombardment: 1942-1945. 49th Fighter: 1945-1946. 71st Reconnaissance: 1943. 90th Bombardment: 1942-1945. 312th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 345th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 380th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 417th Bombardment: 1944-1945.

Stations. Clark Field, Luzon, 14 Nov 1941; Darwin, Australia, Dec 1941; Java, Jan-Mar 1942; Townsville, Australia, 5 Sep 1942; Port Moresby, New Guinea, Dec 1942; Nadzab, New Guinea, 21 Feb 1944; Owl, Schouten Islands, c. 15 Aug 1944; Leyte, Nov 1944; Mindoro, Jan 1945; Clark Field, Luzon, Mar 1945; Okinawa, Aug 1945; Murayama, Japan, Oct 1945; Irumagawa, Japan, c. 15 Jan-31 May 1946.

Commanders. Col Eugene L Eubank, 14 Nov 1941-unkn; Brig Gen Kenneth N Walker, 5 Sep 1942; Brig Gen Howard K Ramey, Jan 1943; Brig Gen Roger M Ramey, 19 Apr 1943; Col John H Davies, Oct 1943; Brig Gen Jarred V Crabb, 27 Feb 1944-31 May 1946.

Campaigns. Philippine Islands; East Indies; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; Papua; New Guinea; Northern Solomons; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; China Offensive.

Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citations: Philippine Islands, 8-22 Dec 1941; Philippine Islands, 7 Dec 1941-10 May 1942; Papua, [Sep] 1942-23 Jan 1943. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

V Fighter Command

Constituted as II Interceptor Command on 26 May 1941. Activated on 4 Jun 1941. Redesignated II Fighter Command in May 1942, and V Fighter Command in Aug 1942. Moved to the Southwest Pacific, Oct-Nov 1942, and operated with Fifth AF until the end of the war. Afterward, served with the occupation force in Japan. Inactivated on 31 May 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

(This V Fighter Command bas no connection with a 5th Interceptor Command that was constituted on 14 Oct 1941, activated on 30 Oct, and redesignated Fighter Command School in Aug 1942. Nor is it related to a 5th Interceptor Command - probably a provisional organization - that was located in the Philippines in 1941-1942.)

Groups. 3d Air Commando: 1944-1945. 8th Fighter: 1942-1946. 35th Fighter: 1942-1945. 38th Bombardment: 1945-1946. 42d Bombardment: 1946. 49th Fighter: 1942-1945. 54th Fighter: 1941. 55th Fighter: 1941. 58th Fighter: 1943-1945. 312th Bombardment: 1943-1944. 348th Fighter: 1943-1945, 1946. 475th Fighter: 1943-1945.

Stations. Ft George Wright, Wash, 4 Jun 1941; Ft Lawton, Wash, 19 Jun 1941-2 Oct 11942; Australia, Nov 1942; Port Moresby, New Guinea, Dec 1942; Nadzab, New Guinea, Jan 1944; Owl, Schouten Islands, Jul 1944; Leyte, Nov 1944; Mindoro, Jan 1945; Clark Field, Luzon, Mar 1945; Okinawa, Aug 1945; Fukuoka, Japan, Oct 1945-31 May 1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen Carlyle H Wash, Jun 1941-unkn; Col Howard H Newman, 1942; Brig Gen Paul B Wurtsmith, 11 Nov 1942; Col Neel E Kearby, 24 Nov 1943; Brig Gen Paul B Wurtsmith, 13 Jan 1944; Brig Gen Frederic H Smith Jr, 10 Feb 1945; Col Hugh A Parker, 30 Sep 1945-31 Mar 1946.

Campaigns. American Theater; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; Papua; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; China Offensive.

Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citation: Papua, [Nov] 1942-23 Jan 1943-Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

VI Bomber Command

Constituted as VI Bomber Command on 17 Oct 1941 and activated in the Panama Canal Zone on 25 Oct. Assigned to Caribbean (later Sixth) AF. Engaged in antisubmarine operations; served as part of the defense force for the Panama Canal. Inactivated on 1 Nov 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 6th: 1941-1943. 9th: 1941-1942. 25th: 1941-1944. 40th: 1941-1943.

Stations. Albrook Field, CZ, 25 Oct 1941-1 Nov 1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen Edwin B Lyon, 25 Oct 1941; Col Forest G Allen, 13 May 1943; Col Edwin M Day, 18 Jun 1943; Col James E Roberts, 6 Oct 1944; Col Joseph P Bailey, 12 Apr 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. In front of a blue annulet bearing the motto "Alae Supra Canalem" in gold letters, a winged aerial bomb, the whole edged in gold. (Approved 18 Mar 1942.)

VII Bomber Command

Constituted as VII Bomber Command on 23 Jan 1942 and activated in Hawaii on 29 Jan. Assigned to Hawaiian (later Seventh) AF. Engaged in patrol operations from Hawaii until late in 1943. Afterward, served in combat in the Central and Western Pacific. Inactivated on Okinawa, [31] Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 5th: 1942. 11th: 1942, 1943-1945. 30th: 1943-1945. 41st: 1943-1944, 1945. 307th: 1942-1943. 312th: 1945. 345th: 1945. 380th: 1945. 494th: 1944-1945.

Stations. Hickam Field, TH, 29 Jan 1942; Funafuti, Nov 1943; Tarawa, Jan 1944; Kwajalein, Mar 1944; Saipan, Aug 1944; Okinawa, Jul 1945-Mar 1946.

Commanders. Maj Gen Willis H Hale, Feb 1942; Col Albert F Hegenberger, 20 Jun 1942; Brig Gen William E Lynd, 25 Jun 1942; Brig Gen Truman H Landon, 20 Jan 1 943; Brig Gen Lawrence J Carr, 11 Dec 1944; Col Roy D Butler, Oct 1945; Brig Gen Carl B McDaniel, 1 Dec 1945; Col John J Morrow, 7 Jan 1946-unkn.

Campaigns. Central Pacific; Air Offensive, Japan; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific; Ryukyus; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

VII Fighter Command

Constituted as VII Interceptor Command on 23 Jan 1942. Activated in Hawaii on 2 Feb 1942. Redesignated VII Fighter Command in May 1942. Assigned to Seventh AF. Engaged in patrol activity from Hawaii. Later, served in combat in the Western Pacific. Remained in the theater as part of Far East Air Forces after the war. Redesignated 20th Fighter Wing in May 1946, and 46th Fighter Wing in Dec 1947. Inactivated in the Marianas on 24 Aug 1948.

Groups. 15th: 1942-1945. 18th: 1942-1943. 21st: 1944-1946. 23d: 1946-1948. 318th: 1942-1945.

Stations. Ft Shafter, TH, 2 Feb 1942; Hickam Field, TH, 20 Oct 1944; Ft Kamehameha, TH, 18 Jan 1945; Iwo Jima, Mar 1945; Saipan, 1 Dec 1945; Guam, 15 Apr 1946-24 Aug 1948.

Commanders. Brig Gen Howard C Davidson, Feb 1942; Brig Gen Robert W Douglass Jr, Oct 1942; Brig Gen Ernest Moore, May 1944; Col Thayer S Olds, 4 Sep 1945; Brig Gen Winslow C Morse, 26 Sep 1946; Col Romulus W Puryear, Jan-24 Aug 1948.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Western Pacific; Ryukyus; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

VIII Air Support Command

Constituted as VIII Ground Air Support Command on 24 Apr 1942 and activated on 28 Apr. Assigned to Eighth AF. Moved to England, without tactical components, Jun-Aug 1942. Redesignated VIII Air Support Command in Sep 1942. Engaged in training, with one reconnaissance and one troop carrier group assigned, until Jul 1943. Afterward, carried out medium bombardment operations against the enemy on the Continent until Oct 1943 when all components and personnel were withdrawn from the command. Disbanded in England on 1 Dec 1943.

Wings. 3d Bombardment: 1943. 44th Bombardment: 1943.

Stations. Bolling Field, DC, 28 Apr 1942; Savannah, Ga, 29 May-c. 20 Jul 1942; Bushy Park, England, Jul 1942; Membury, England, 21 Aug 1942; Sunninghill, England, 19 Oct 1942-1 Dec 1943.

Commanders. Brig Gen Robert C Candee, May 1942-16 Oct 1943.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

VIII Fighter Command

Constituted as VIII Interceptor Command on 19 Jan 1942. Activated on 1 Feb 1942. Redesignated VIII Fighter Command in May 1942. Moved to England, May-Jul 1942, and served with Eighth AF until after V-E Day. Inactivated in England on 20 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 6th: 1942-1943. 65th (formerly 4th Air Defense): 1943-1944, 1945. 66th (formerly 5th Air Defense): 1943-1944, 1945. 67th: 1943-1944, 1945.

Stations. Selfridge Field, Mich, 1 Feb 1942; Charleston, SC, c. 13 Feb-c. 1 May 1942; High Wycombe, England, c. 12 May 1942; Bushey Hall, England, c. 27 Jul 1942; Charleroi, Belgium, c. 15 Jan 1945; High Wycombe, England, 17 Jul 1945; Honington, England, 26 Oct 1945-c. 20 Mar 1946.

Commanders. Col Lawrence P Hickey, c. 1 Feb 1942; Brig Gen Frank O'D Hunter, 14 May 1942; Ma' Gen William E Kepner, 29 Aug 1943; Brig Gen Murray C Woodbury, 1 Aug 1944; Brig Gen Francis H Griswold, 3 Aug 1944; Col Benjamin j Webster, 17 Oct 1944; Col Robert W Humphreys, 19 Apr 1945; Maj Gen Westside T Larson, 17 Jul 1945; Maj Gen William E Kepner, 22 Jul 1945; Maj Gen Westside T Larson, 3 Aug 1945; Maj Gen Howard M Turner, 22 Sep 1945; Brig Gen Emil C Kiel, 13 Oct 1945-c. Mar 1946.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. A figurehead consisting of a blue demi lion rampant outlined in gold. (Approved 23 May 1942.)

IX Air Defense Command

Constituted as IX Air Defense Command on 19 Jun 1944. Activated in England on 1 Jul 1944. Assigned to Ninth AF. Provided air defense for areas behind the advancing ground forces in northern Europe. Inactivated in Europe on 25 Jun 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 71st Fighter: 1944.

Stations. Hempstead Borough, England, 1 Jul 1944; Ecrammeville, France, Jul 1944; Rennes, France, 25 Aug 1944; Versailles, France, 8 Sep 1944; Paris, France, 16 Dec 1944; Neustadt, Germany, 24 May 1945-1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen William L Richardson, 1 Jul 1944; Brig Gen Ned Schramm, 28 Jul 1944; Brig Gen William L Richardson, 27 Oct 1944; Col Matthew K Deichelmann, 5 Dec 1945-1946.

Campaigns. Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardenncs-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

IX Fighter Command

Constituted as IX Interceptor Command on 19 Jan 1942. Activated on 1 Feb 1942. Redesignated IX Fighter Command in May 1942. Moved to Egypt, Nov 1942-Jan 1943. Assigned to Ninth AF. Operated in the Mediterranean area until Sep 1943. Moved to England, Oct-Nov 1943, for operations in the European theater. Inactivated in Europe on 16 Nov 1945. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 8th: 1942-1943. 9th: 1942-1943. 70th: 1943-1944. 71st: 1943-1944. 84th: 1944, 1944-1945. 100th: 1943-1944. 303d: 1944, 1944-1945.

Stations. New Orleans AAB, La, 1 Feb 1942; Drew Field, Fla, Jul-Oct 1942; El Kabrit, Egypt, 31 Jan 1943; Tripoli, Libya, 10 Apr-22 Sep 1943; Middle Wallop, England, 30 Nov 1943-Jul 1944; Les Obeaux, France, Jul 1944; Canisy, France, Aug 1944; Charleroi, Belgium, Sep 1944; Verviers, Belgium, Oct 1944; Bruhl, Germany, Mar 1945; Welmar, Germany, Apr 1945; Fritzlar, Germany, Jul 1945; Erlangen, Germany, Sep-Nov 1945.

Commanders. Capt Phillip R Pattison, 1 Feb 1942; Col Thomas W Blackburn, 16 Feb 1942; Maj Phillip R Pattison, Jul 1942; Lt Col W C Warren, 6 Aug 1942; Maj Joseph A Kelly, 10 Aug 1942; Maj Arch G Campbell Jr, 15 Aug 1942; Maj Hugh E McConville, Aug 1942; Col John C Kilborn, Sep 1942; Brig Gen Auby C Strickland, Jan 1943; Col Charles D McAllister, 3 Jun 1943; Col Frederick M Byerly, 13 Sep 1943; Lt Col Ray J Stecker, 4 Oct 1943; Maj Gen Elwood R Quesada, 18 Oct 1943; Brig Gcn Ralph F Stearley, 21 Apr 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Egypt-Libya; Air Offensive, Europe; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army: 6 Jun-30 Sep 1944.

Insigne. None.

IX Tactical Air Command

Constituted as IX Air Support Command on 29 Nov 1943. Activated in England on 4 Dec 1943. Assigned to Ninth AF. Redesignated IX Tactical Air Command in Apr 1944. Operated in the European theater, primarily in support of US First Army, until V-E Day. Moved to the US in Oct 1945. Inactivated on 25 Oct 1945. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 70th Fighter: 1944-1945. 71st Fighter: 1944. 84th Fighter: 1944. 100th Fighter: 1944.

Stations. Aldermaston Court, England, 4 Dec 1943; Middle Wallop, England, 1 Feb 1944; Uxbridge, England, 15 Feb-Jun 1944; Au Gay, France, 10 Jun 1944; Les Obeaux, France, 2 Jul 1944; Canisy, France, 2 Aug 1944; Coulouvray, France, 12 Aug 1944; Haleine, France, 22 Aug 1944; Versailles, France, 2 Sep 1944; Janoulx, Belgium, 11 Sep 1944; Verviers, Belgium, 2 Oct 1944; Bruhl, Germany, 26 Mar 1945; Marburg, Germany, 8 Apr 1945; Weimar, Germany, 26 Apr 1945; Fritzlar, Germany, 26 Jun-Sep 1945; Camp Shanks, NY, 24-25 Oct 1945.

Commanders. Col Clarence E Crumrine, 4 Dec 1943; Maj Gen Elwood R Quesada, 1 Feb 1944; Brig Gen Ralph F Stearley, 21 Apr-Sep 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army: 6 Jun-30 Sep 1944; 16 Dec 1944-25 Jan 1945. Belgian Fourragere.

Insigne. None.

IX Troop Carrier Command

Constituted as IX Troop Carrier Command on 11 Oct 1943 and activated in England on 16 Oct. Assigned to Ninth AF. Served in the European theater, engaging in airborne and transport operation until after V-E Day. Transferred, without personnel and equipment, in Sep 1945 to the US where the command was again manned and equipped. Inactivated on 31 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 50th: 1943-1945, 1945-1946. 52d: 1944-1945. 53d: 1944-1945.

Stations. Cottesmore, England, 16 Oct 1943; Grantham, England, 1 Dec 1943; Ascot, England, 20 Sep 1944-5 Sep 1945; Stout Field, Ind, 5 Sep 1945; Greenville AAB, SC, 1 Feb-31 Mar 1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen Benjamin F Giles, 16 Oct 1943; Maj Gen Paul L Williams, 25 Feb 1944-c. 12 Jul 1945, and 5 Nov 1945-31 Mar 1946.

Campaigns. Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XI Bomber Command

Constituted as XI Bomber Command on 4 Mar 1943 and activated in Alaska on ig Mar. Operated in combat with Eleventh AF. Disbanded in Alaska on 31 Mar 1944.

Groups. 28th Composite: 1943-1944-

Stations. Adak, 19 Mar 1943; Amchitka, 24 Jun 1943; Adak, 4 Sep 1943; Shemya, 3-31 Mar 1944-

Commanders. Brig Gen Earl H De Ford, 19 Mar 1943; Col Robert H Herman, 2 Dec 1943-31 Mar 1944.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Aleutian Islands.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XI Fighter Command

Constituted as XI Interceptor Command on 8 Mar 1942 and activated in Alaska on 15 Mar. Assigned to Eleventh AF. Redesignated XI Fighter Command in May 1942. Engaged in combat from Jun 1942 to Oct 1943. Disbanded in Alaska on 31 Mar 1944.

Groups. 343d: 1942-1944.

Stations. Elmendorf Field, Alaska, 15 Mar 1942; Adak, 12 Sep 1943-31 Mar 1944.

Commanders. Col Norman D Sillin, 15 Mar 1942; Col Phineas K Morrill Jr, 6 Sep 1942; Lt Col Donald E Meade, 15 Jul 1943; Col William E Elder, 25 Feb 1944; Lt Col Don L Wilhelm Jr, 20-31 Mar 1944-

Campaigns. Aleutian Islands.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XII Bomber Command

Constituted as XII Bomber Command on 26 Feb 1942. Activated on 13 Mar 1942. Assigned to Twelfth AF in Aug 1942 and transferred, without personnel and equipment, to England where the command was re-formed. Moved to North Africa, with the first of its elements arriving during the invasion in Nov 1942. Served in combat in the Mediterranean theater until 1 Nov 1943 when most of the personnel were withdrawn. Received additional personnel in Jan 1944 and served in combat until 1 Mar 1944. Disbanded in Corsica on 10 Jun 1944.

Wings. 5th: 1943. 42d: 1943, 1944. 47th (formerly 7th Fighter): 1943. 57th: 1944.

Stations. MacDill Field, Fla, 13 Mar 1942; High Wycombe, England, 31 Aug-10 Nov 1942; Tafaraoui, Algeria, 22 Nov 1942; Algiers, Algeria, 27 Nov 1942; Constantine, Algeria, 5 Dec 1942; Tunis, Tunisia, 23 Jul 1943; Bari, Italy, c. Dec 1943; Trocchia, Italy, 4 Jan 1944; Corsica, c. Apr-10 Jun 1944.

Commanders. Brig Gen Samuel M Connell, 3-8 May 1942; Col Claude E Duncan, 2 Sep 1942; Col Charles T Phillips, 11 Dec 1942; Col Carlyle H Ridenour, 16 Dec 1942; Brig Gen John K Cannon, 1 Jan 1943; Maj Gen James H Doolittle, 26 Feb-1 Nov 1943; Brig Gen Robert D Knapp, c. Dec 1943-c. 29 Feb 1944.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Algeria-French Morocco; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XII Tactical Air Command

Constituted as XII Ground Air Support Command on 10 Sep 1942 and activated on 17 Sep. Assigned to Twelfth AF. Redesignated XII Air Support Command in Sep 1942, and XII Tactical Air Command in Apr 1944. Moved to North Africa, Oct-Nov 1942. Col Demas T Craw was awarded the Medal of Honor for action during the invasion of Algeria-French Morocco: when the Allies landed on 8 Nov 1942, Col Craw volunteered to negotiate an armistice; while trying to pass through the lines near Port Lyautey, he was killed by machine-gun fire. The command served in combat in the Mediterranean and European theaters until May 1945. Afterward, remained in Europe as part of the occupation force. Inactivated in Germany on 10 Nov 1947. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 5th Bombardment: 1942. 7th Fighter: 1942. 42d Bombardment: 1945. 57th Bombardment: 1943-1944. 63d Fighter: 1945. 64th Fighter (formerly 3d Air Defense): 1943-1944, 1945-1947. 70th Fighter: 1945-1947. 71st Fighter: 1945. 87th Fighter: 1944.

Stations. Birmingham, Ala, 17 Sep 1942; Bolling Field, DC, 25 Sep-18 Oct 1942; French Morocco, 9 Nov 1942; Algeria, Jan 1943; Tunisia, 13 Mar 1943; Sicily, c. 12 Jul 1943; Italy, c. 9 Sep 1943; France, 18 Aug 1944; Germany, 27 Mar 1945; Erlangen, Germany, Jul 1945; Bad Kissingen, Germany, 1 Nov 1945-10 Nov 1947.

Commanders. Col Rosenham Beam, 18 Sep 1942; Brig Gen John K Cannon, 22 Sep 1942; Col Rosenham Beam, c. 30 Dec 1942; Col Peter S Rask, 1 Jan 1943; Brig Gen Howard A Craig, 10 Jan 1943; Brig Gen Paul L Williams, 24 Jan 1943; Brig Gen John K Cannon, 12 May 1943; Col Lawrence P Hickey, 24 May 1943; Maj Gen Edwin J House, 13 Jun 1943; Brig Gen Gordon P Seville, 2 Feb 1944; Brig Gen Glenn O Barcus, 29 Jan 1945; Maj Gen William E Kepner, 3 Dec 1945; Brig Gen Glenn O Barcus, 9 Jan 1946; Brig Gen John F McBlain, 3 Aug 1946; Maj Gen Robert LeG Walsh, 27 Nov 1946; Brig Gen James M Fitzmaurice, 1 Apr-c. Oct 1947.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Algeria-French Morocco; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; Northern France; Southern France; North Apennines; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XIII Bomber Command

Constituted as XIII Bomber Command on 14 Dec 1942. Activated in the South Pacific on 13 Jan 1943. Served in combat with Thirteenth AF until the end of the war. Inactivated in the Philippines on 15 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 5th: 1943-1946. 11th: 1943. 42d: 1943-1945. 307th: 1943-1945.

Stations. Espiritu Santo, 13 Jan 1943; Guadalcanal, 20 Aug 1943; Los Negros, 1 Jun 1944; Wakde, 3 Sep 1944; Morotai, 17 Oct 1944; Clark Field, Luzon, 27 Aug 1945-15 Mar 1946.

Commanders. Col Harlan T McCormick, 13 Jan 1943; Col James M Fitzmaurice, 6 Apr 1943; Brig Gen Glen C Jamison, 16 Jun 1943; Brig Gen William A Matheny, 10 Aug 1943; Brig Gen Carl A Brandt, 2 Feb-c. Oct 1945.

Campaigns. Central Pacific; China Defensive; Guadalcanal; New Guinea; Northern Solomons; Eastern Mandates; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XIII Fighter Command

Constituted as XIII Fighter Command on 14 Dec 1942. Activated in the South Pacific on 13 Jan 1943. Served in combat with Thirteenth AF until the end of the war. Inactivated in the Philippines on 15 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 18th: 1943-1946. 347th: 1943-1945. 414th: 1946.

Stations. New Caledonia, 13 Jan 1943; Espiritu Santo, c. 22 Jan 1943; Guadalcanal, Dec 1943; Sansapor, New Guinea, 15 Aug 1944; Leyte, 10 Jan 1945; Puerto Princesa, Palawan, 1 Mar 1945; Manila, Luzon, c. Nov 1945-15 Mar 1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen Dean C Strother, 13 Jan 1943; Brig Gen Earl W Barnes, Jan 1944; Col Willard R Wolfinbarger, 16 Nov 1944; Brig Gen Earl W Barnes, 31 Jan 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. China Defensive; Guadalcanal; New Guinea; Northern Solomons; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; China Offensive.

Decorations. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. None.

XIX Tactical Air Command

Constituted as XIX Air Support Command on 29 Nov 1943. Activated in England on 4 Jan 1944. Assigned to Ninth AF. Redesignated XIX Tactical Air Command in Apr 1944. Operated in the European theater, primarily in support of US Third Army, until V-E Day. Moved to the US in Aug 1945. Inactivated on 31 Mar 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 100th Fighter: 1944-1945. 303d Fighter: 1944.

Stations. Middle Wallop, England, 4 Jan 1944; Aldermaston Court, England, 1 Feb 1944; France, Jul 1944; Luxembourg, Jan 1945; Germany, Apr-Jul 1945; Drew Field, Fla, 21 Aug 1945; Barksdale Field, La, 17 Oct 1945; Biggs Field, Tex, 11 Dec 1945-31 Mar 1946.

Commanders. Maj Gen Elwood R Quesada, 4 Jan 1944; Col Clarence E Crumrine, 1 Feb 1944; Maj Gen Otto P Weyland, 4 Feb 1944; Brig Gen Homer L Sanders, 23 May 1945; Col Roger J Browne, 5 Jul 1945; Brig Gen James W McCauley, 25 Oct 1945; Maj Gen Elwood R Quesada, 8 Feb 1946; Brig Gen Homer L Sanders, 25 Feb-Mar 1946.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XX Bomber Command (formerly I Bomber Command)

Constituted as I Bomber Command on 4 Sep 1941 and activated on 5 Sep. Assigned to First AF. Engaged primarily in antisubmarine operations along the east coast. Inactivated on 15 Oct 1942. Activated on 1 May 1943. Assigned to Second AF. Redesignated XX Bomber Command in Aug 1943. Trained bombardment organizations. Disbanded on 6 Oct 1943.

Components. (Omitted because of large number and frequent changes.)

Stations. Langley Field, Va, 5 Sep 1941; New York, NY, c. 12 Dec 1941-15 Oct 1942. El Paso, Tex, 1 May-6 Oct 1943.

Commanders. Brig Gen Arnold N Krogstad, 24 Sep 1941; Brig Gen Westside T Larson, c. 5 Mar-15 Oct 1942. Brig Gen Robert B Williams, 1 May 1943; Brig Gen Robert F Travis, 3 Jul 1943; Brig Gen Newton Longfellow, 18 Aug-6 Oct 1943.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue disc, edged in gold, a gold aerial bomb. (Approved 24 Apr 1942.)

XX Bomber Command

Constituted as XX Bomber Command on 19 Nov 1943 and activated on 20 Nov. Assigned to Second AF. Moved to India early in 1944. Assigned to Twentieth AF. Engaged in very-long-range bombardment operations from Jun 1944 until all of its tactical components were relieved of assignment in Mar 1945. Moved to Okinawa, Jun-Jul 1945. Inactivated on 16 Jul 1945. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 58th: 1943-1945. 73d: 1943-1944

Stations. Smoky Hill AAFld, Kan, 20 Nov 1943-12 Feb 1944; Kharagpur, India, 28 Mar 1944-17 Jun 1945; Sakugawa, Okinawa, 7-16 Jul 1945.

Commanders. Brig Gen Kenneth B Wolfe, 27 Nov 1943; Brig Gen LaVern G Saunders, 6 Jul 1944; Maj Gen Curtis E LeMay, 29 Aug 1944; Brig Gen Roger M Ramey, 20 Jan 1945; Brig Gen Joseph Smith, 25 Apr-16 Jul 1945.

Campaigns. India-Burma; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; Western Pacific; Central Burma.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue arc segment, couped at base, within border gold, two very large aerial bombs of the last, falling parallel to sides in perspective, toward and over a bezant in base, marked with latitude and longitude representations of the field. (Approved 20 Mar 1945.)

XXI Bomber Command

Constituted as XXI Bomber Command on 1 Mar 1944 and activated the same day. Assigned to Second AF. Moved to the Marianas late in 1944 and, assigned to Twentieth AF, engaged in very-long-range bombardment operations until mid-Jul 1945. The history of XXI Bomber Command terminated on 16 Jul 1945. (On that date Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron, XXI Bomber Command was redesignated Headquarters Squadron, Twentieth AF. This redesignation, which brought an end to XXI Bomber Command as an establishment, had no effect on the lineage of Twentieth AF.)

Wings. 58th: 1945. 73d: 1944-1945. 313th: 1944-1945. 314th: 1944-1945. 315th: 1945.

Stations. Smoky Hill AAFld, Kan, 1 Mar 1944; Peterson Field, Colo, 11 Jun-20 Oct 1944; Harmon Field, Guam, 4 Dec 1944-16 Jul 1945.

Commanders. Col John B Montgomery, 7 Apr 1944; Brig Gen Roger M Ramey, 15 Jun 1944; Brig Gen Haywood S Hansell Jr, 28 Aug 1944; Maj Gen Curtis E LeMay, 20 Jan-16 Jul 1945.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XXII Bomber Command

Constituted as XXII Bomber Command (Very Heavy) on 4 Aug 1944 and activated on 14 Aug. Assigned to Second AF. Disbanded on 13 Feb 1945.

Wings. (Two attached.)

Stations. Peterson Field, Colo, 14 Aug 1944-13 Feb 1945.

Commanders. Col William R Robertson Jr, 28 Aug 1944; Col Alan D Clark, 4 Sep 1944; Col Forrest G Allen, 6 Oct 1944; Col Robert F Worden, 11 Dec 1944; Col Merlin I Carter, 28 Dec 1944; Col Roscoe C Wriston, 5 Jan-13 Feb 1945.

Campaigns. None.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XXII Tactical Air Command

Constituted as XII Interceptor Command on 26 Feb 1942. Activated on 5 Mar 1942. Redesignated XII Fighter Command in May 1942, and XXII Tactical Air Command in Nov 1944. Assigned to Twelfth AF in Aug 1942. Moved to England in Sep 1942 and to North Africa during Oct-Nov 1942. Served in combat in the Mediterranean theater until the end of the war. Inactivated in Italy on 4 Oct 1945. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Wings. 3d Air Defense: 1943. 62d Fighter (formerly 1st Air Defense): 1943-1945. 63d Fighter (formerly 2d Air Defense): 1943-1944. 87th Fighter: 1944-1945.

Stations. Drew Field, Fla, 5 Mar-27 Aug 1942; Wattisham, England, 12 Sep 1942; Bushey Hall, England, 17 Sep-26 Oct 1942; Tafaraoui, Algeria, 8 Nov 1942; La Senia, Algeria, 12 Nov 1942; Tebessa, Algeria, Dec 1942; La Senia, Algeria, 12 Jan 1943; Algiers, Algeria, 20 Mar 1943; Caserta, Italy, 14 Jul 1944; Florence, Italy, 15 Sep 1944; Pomigliano, Italy, Aug-4 Oct 1945.

Commanders. Maj Arch G Campbell Jr, 24 Aug-Sep 1942; Col Reuben C Moffat, 21 Sep 1942; Brig Gen Thomas W Blackburn, c. 27 Sep 1942; Col Lawrence P Hickey, c. 1 Mar 1943; Brig Gen Elwood R Quesada, c. Apr 1943; Brig Gen Gordon P Seville, 2 Oct 1943; Brig Gen Edward M Morris, 3 Jan 1944; Brig Gen Benjamin W Chidlaw, 12 Sep 1944; Brig Gen Thomas C Darcy, 6 Apr 1945; Brig Gen Robert S Israel Jr, 6 May 1945; Maj Gustav M Minton Jr, 7 Jun 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Algeria-French Morocco; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Rome-Arno; North Apennines; Po Valley.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XXVI Fighter Command

Constituted as XXVI Interceptor Command on 28 Feb 1942. Activated in the Panama Canal Zone on 6 Mar 1942. Assigned to Sixth AF. Redesignated XXVI Fighter Command in May 1942. Engaged in patrol operations in the defense of the Panama Canal. Inactivated on 25 Aug 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Groups. 16th: 1942-1943. 32d: 1942-1943. 37th: 1943. 53d: 1942.

Stations. Albrook Field, CZ, 6 Mar 1942-25 Aug 1946.

Commanders. Brig Gen Adlai H Gilkeson, 6 Mar 1942; Brig Gen Russell E Randall, 17 Aug 1942; Col Willis R Taylor, 16 Oct 1943; Col Robert T Cronau, 15 Jun 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

XXXVI Fighter Command

Constituted as XXXVI Fighter Command on 9 Aug 1942 and activated in Trinidad on 21 Aug. Disbanded on 30 Apr 1943.

Components. Unkn.

Stations. Waller Field, Trinidad, 21 Aug 1942-30 Apr 1943.

Commanders. Col Charles F Born, 21 Aug 1942-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Antilles Air Command

Constituted as Antilles Air Task Force on 20 Feb 1943. Activated in Puerto Rico on 1 Mar 1943. Redesignated Antilles Air Command in Jun 1943. Inactivated in Puerto Rico on 25 Aug 1946. Disbanded on 8 Oct 1948.

Components. Unkn.

Stations. San Juan, PR, 1 Mar 1943; Borinquen Field, PR, 1 Mar-25 Aug 1946.

Commanders. Maj Gen Edwin J House, 1 Mar 1943; Brig Gen Edwin B Lyon, 14 May 1943; Col Bayard Johnson, 8 Jan 1944; Brig Gen Wolcott P Hayes, 22 Feb-Dec 1944; Brig Gen George G Lundberg, Feb 1945-unkn.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. None.

Air Forces

First Air Force

Constituted as Northeast Air District on 19 Oct 1940. Activated on 18 Dec 1940. Redesignated First AF early in 1941. Trained new organizations and, later, replacements for combat units. Also provided air defense for the eastern US until 1943. Assigned to Air Defense Command in Mar 1946 and to Continental Air Command in Dec 1948, being concerned primarily with air defense until 1949 and with reserve and national guard activities thereafter.

Commands. I Bomber (later assigned to Second AF and redesignated XX Bomber Command): 1941-1942. I Bomber (Antisubmarine Command prior to assignment to First AF): 1943-1946. I Fighter: 1941-1946. I Ground Air Support: 1941-1942.

Stations. Mitchel Field, NY, 18 Dec 1940; Ft Slocom, NY, 3 Jun 1946; Mitchel AFB, NY, 17 Oct 1949-.

Commanders. Maj Gen James E Chaney, 18 Dec 1940; Maj Gen Herbert A Dargue, 24 Jun 1941; Brig Gen Arnold N Krogstad, 10 Dec 1941; Maj Gen Follett Bradley, 5 Mar 1942; Maj Gen James E Chaney, 23 Jul 1942; Maj Gen Ralph Royce, 18 Apr 1943; Maj Gen Frank O'D Hunter, 17 Sep 1943; Maj Gen Robert W Douglass Jr, 20 OCt 1945; Maj Gen Robert M Webster, 16 Jul 1947; Maj Gen Glenn O Barcus, 1 Sep 1949; Maj Gen Willis H Hale, 17 Jul 1950; Maj Gen James P Hodges, 27 Feb 1951; Col Joseph A Bulger, 1 Sep 1951; Maj Gen Howard M Turner, 9 Aug 1952; Maj Gen Roger J Browne, May 1954-.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. A white star charged with a red disc in the center and with golden orange stylized wings below the Arabic number "I" in white, all on a blue disc. (Approved 18 Jan 1944.)

Second Air Force

Constituted as Northwest Air District on 19 Oct 1940. Activated on 18 Dec 1940. Redesignated Second AF early in 1941. Served as both an air defense and a training organization in 1941. Afterward, was engaged chiefly in training units and replacements for heavy and, later, very heavy bombardment operations. Inactivated on 30 Mar 1946.

Activated on 6 Jun 1946. Assigned to Air Defense Command. Inactivated on 1 Jul 1948.

Activated on 1 Nov 1949. Assigned to Strategic Air Command.

Commands. II Air Support: 1941-1943. II Bomber: 1941-1943. II Fighter: 1941-1942. IV Air Support: 1942-1943. XX (formerly I) Bomber: 1943. XX Bomber (constituted Nov 1943): 1943-1944. XXI Bomber: 1944. XXII Bomber: 1944-1945.

Stations. McChord Field, Wash, 18 Dec 1940; Ft George Wright, Wash, 9 Jan 1941; Colorado Springs, Colo, Jun 1943-30 Mar 1946. Ft Crook, Neb, 6 Jun 1946-1 Jul 1948. Barksdale AFB, La, 1 Nov 1949-.

Commanders. Maj Gen John F Curry, 18 Dec 1940; Maj Gen Millard F Harmon, 5 Aug 1941; Brig Gen John B Brooks, 19 Dec 1941; Maj Gen Frederick L Martin, 1 Feb 1942; Maj Gen Robert Olds, 14 May 1942; Maj Gen Davenport Johnson, 25 Feb 1943; Maj Gen St Clair Streett, 9 Sep 1943; Maj Gen Uzal G Ent, 15 Jan 1944; Maj Gen Robert B Williams, 28 Oct 1944; Brig Gen Julius K Lacey, 21 Nov 1945; Maj Gen Charles B Stone III, 21 Feb 1946; Brig Gen Charles F Born, 19-30 Mar 1946. Brig Gen Walter R Peck, 6 Jun 1946; Maj Gen Frederick W Evans, 15 Jul 1946; Brig Gen Walter R Peck, 23 Jun 1947; Maj Gen Paul L Williams, 15 Sep 1947-1 Jul 1948. Brig Gen Paul T Cullen, 1 Nov 1949; Maj Gen Joseph H Atkinson, 10 Nov 1949; Maj Gen Frank A Armstrong Jr, 16 Nov 1952-.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue square, a golden orange falcon with jesses in striking attitude below a white star bearing a red disc. (Approved 16 Dec 1943. This insigne was superseded by another on 19 Oct 1954.)

Third Air Force

Constituted as Southeast Air District on 19 Oct 1940. Activated on 18 Dec 1940. Redesignated Third AF early in 1941. Trained units, crews, and individuals for bombardment, fighter, and reconnaissance operations. Also had some air defense responsibilities during 1940-1941 and engaged in antisubmarine activities from Dec 1941 to Oct 1942. Assigned in Mar 1946 to Tactical Air Command to serve as a troop carrier organization. Inactivated on 1 Nov 1946.

Organized in England on 1 May 1951. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe.

Commands. II Air Support: 1943. III Air Support: 1941-1942. III Bomber: 1941-1946. III Fighter: 1941-1946. III Reconnaissance (formerly I Ground Air Support): 1942-1946. III Tactical Air: 1942-1945.

Stations. MacDill Field, Fla, 18 Dec 1940; Tampa, Fla, Jan 1941; Greenville AAB, SC, 21 Mar-1 Nov 1946. South Ruislip, England, 1 May 1951-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Barton K Yount, 18 Dec 1940; Maj Gen Lewis H Brereton, 29 Jul 1941; Maj Gen Walter H Frank, 6 Oct 1941; Brig Gen Carlyle H Wash, 25 Jun-26 Nov 1942; Maj Gen St Clair Streett, 12 Dec 1942; Maj Gen Westside T Larson, 11 Sep 1943; Brig Gen Edmund C Lynch, 14 May 1945; Brig Gen Thomas W Blackburn, 26 May 1945; Lt Gen Lewis H Brereton, 1 Jul 1945; Maj Gen Elwood R Quesada, 1-21 Mar 1946; Maj Gen Paul L Williams, 28 Mar-1 Nov 1946. Maj Gen Leon W Johnson, 3 May 1951; Maj Gen Francis H Griswold, 6 May 1952-20 Apr 1954; Maj Gen Roscoe C Wilson, 30 Apr 1954-.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On and over a blue disc within a yellow border an Arabic numeral "3" in white, in bend sinister, shaded in red perspective with a white star charged with a red disc in the lower loop. (Approved 1 Sep 1943.)

Fourth Air Force

Constituted as Southwest Air District on 19 Oct 1 940. Activated on 18 Dec 1940. Redesignated Fourth AF early in 1941. Provided air defense for the western US until 1943, and at the same time trained new organizations. Later, was engaged primarily in training replacements for combat units. Assigned to Air Defense Command in Mar 1946 and to Continental Air Command in Dec 1948, being concerned chiefly with air defense until 1949 and with reserve and national guard activities thereafter.

Commands. IV Bomber: 1941-1944. IV Fighter: 1941-1944. IV Ground Air Support: 1941-1942.

Stations. March Field, Calif, 18 Dec 1940; Riverside, Calif, 16 Jan 1941; Hamilton Field, Calif, 7 Dec 1941; San Francisco, Calif, 5 Jan 1942; Hamilton Field, Calf, 19 Jun 1946-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Jacob E Fickel, 18 Dec 1940; Maj Gen George C Kenney, 2 Apr 1942; Maj Gen Barney McK Giles, 22 Jul 1942; Maj Gen William E Kepner, 18 Mar 1943; Maj Gen William E Lynd, 8 Jul 1943; Maj Gen James E Parker, 14 Jul 1944; Brig Gen Edward M Morris, 19 May 1945; Maj Gen Willis H Hale, 6 Jul 1945; Brig Gen Ned Schramm, 1 Nov 1947; Maj Gen John E Upston, 20 Jan 1948; Maj Gen Alvan C Kincaid, c. Sep 1950; Maj Gen William E Hall, 29 Jan 1951; Maj Gen Alfred A Kessler Jr, 8 Sep 1952; Maj Gen Robert B Landry, 4 Feb 1955-.

Campaigns. American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Azure, a white star, charged with a red disc, all within a white winged annulet upheld by four golden yellow rays, radiating from base point, all within a border of the last. (Approved 1 Sep 1943. This insigne was superseded by another on 21 Mar 1957.)

Fifth Air Force

Constituted as Philippine Department AF on 16 Aug 1941. Activated in the Philippines on 20 Sep 1941. Redesignated Far East AF in Oct 1941, and Fifth AF in Feb 1942. This air force lost most of its men and equipment in the defense of the Philippines after 7 Dec 1941. Later in Dec 1941 headquarters and some crews and planes moved to Australia, and in Jan 1942 they were sent to Java to help delay Japanese advances in the Netherlands Indies. The Fifth did not function as an air force for some time after Feb 1942 (the AAF organizations in the Southwest Pacific being under the control of American-British-Dutch-Australian Command and later Allied Air Forces). Headquarters was remanned in Sep 1942 and assumed control of AAF organizations in Australia and New Guinea. The Fifth participated in operations that stopped the Japanese drive in Papua, recovered New Guinea, neutralized islands in the Bismarck Archipelago and the Netherlands East Indies, and liberated the Philippines. When the war ended in Aug 1945 elements of the Fifth were moving to the Ryukyus for the invasion of Japan. After the war the Fifth, a component of Far East Air Forces, remained in the theater, and from Jun 1950 to Jul 1953 it was engaged in the Korean War.

Commands. V Bomber: 1941-1946. V Fighter: 1942-1946.

Stations. Nichols Field, Luzon, 20 Sep 1941; Darwin, Australia, Dec 1941; Java, Jan-Feb 1942; Brisbane, Australia, 3 Sep 1942; Nadzab, New Guinea, 15 Jun 1944; Owl, Schouten Islands, 10 Aug 1944; Leyte, c. 20 Nov 1944; Mindoro, Jan 1945; Clark Field, Luzon, Apr 1945; Okinawa, Jul 1945; Irumagawa, Japan, c. 25 Sep 1945; Tokyo, Japan, 13 Jan 1946; Nagoya, Japan, 20 May 1946; Seoul, Korea, 1 Dec 1950; Taegu, Korea, 22 Dec 1950; Seoul, Korea, 15 Jun 1951; Osan-Ni, Korea, 25 Jan 1954; Nagoya, Japan, 1 Sep 1954-.

Commanders. Brig Gen Henry B Clagett, 20 Sep 1941; Maj Gen Lewis H Brereton, Oct 1941-Feb 1942; Lt Gen George C Kenney, 3 Sep 1942; Lt Gen Ennis C Whitehead, 15 Jun 1944; Maj Gen Kenneth B Wolfe, 4 Oct 1945; Maj Gen Thomas D White, 16 Jan 1948; Lt Gen Earle E Partridge, 6 Oct 1948; Maj Gen Edward J Timberlake, 21 May 1951; Maj Gen Frank F Everest, 1 Jun 1951; Lt Gen Glenn O Barcus, 30 May 1952; Lt Gen Samuel E Anderson, 31 May 1953; Lt Gen Roger M Ramey, 1 Jun 1954-.

Campaigns. World War II: Philippine Islands; East Indies; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; Papua; New Guinea; Northern Solomons; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; China Offensive. Korean War: UN Defensive; UN Offensive; CCF Intervention; 1st UN Counteroffensive; CCF Spring Offensive; UN Summer-Fall Offensive; Second Korean Winter; Korea Summer-Fall, 1952; Third Korean Winter; Korea Summer-Fall, 1953-

Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citations: Philippine Islands, 8-22 Dec 1941; Philippine Islands, 7 Dec 1941-10 May 1942; Papua, [Sep] 1942-23 Jan 1943. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue disc, the Southern Cross consisting of five stars in white between a flaming comet, the head consisting of a white five pointed star, charged with a red roundel, within a blue disc outlined in white, its tall consisting of three white streamers; all surmounted by an Arabic numeral "5," golden orange. (Approved 25 Mar 1943.)

Sixth Air Force

Constituted as Panama Canal AF on 19 Oct 1940. Activated in the Canal Zone on 20 Nov 1940. Redesignated Caribbean AF in Aug 1941, and Sixth AF in Feb 1942. Served primarily in defense of the Panama Canal; also engaged in antisubmarine operations. Redesignated Caribbean Air Command on 31 Jul 1946.

Commands. VI Bomber: 1941-1946. VI Fighter: 1941-1942. XXVI Fighter: 1942-1946. XXXVI Fighter: 1942.

Stations. Albrook Field, CZ, 20 Nov 1940-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Frank M Andrews, 6 Dec 1940; Maj Gen Davenport Johnson, 19 Sep 1941; Maj Gen Hubert R Harmon, 23 Nov 1942; Brig Gen Ralph H Wooten, 8 Nov 1943; Brig Gen Edgar P Sorensen, 16 May 1944; Maj Gen William O Butler, 21 Sep 1944; Brig Gen Earl H De Ford, 24 Jul 1945; Maj Gen Hubert R Harmon, 1 Feb 1946; Brig Gen Glen C Jamison, 4 Oct 1947; Maj Gen Willis H Hale, 13 Nov 1947; Brig Gen Rosenham Beam, 20 Oct 1949; Brig Gcn Emil C Kiel, 15 Nov 1950; Maj Gen Reuben C Hood Jr, 11 Jun 1953-.

Campaigns. Antisubmarine, American Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue hexagon, a white star charged with a red disc partially over a pair of golden orange wings below a galleon in full sail, golden orange. (Approved 16 Jul 1943.)

Seventh Air Force

Constituted as Hawaiian AF on 19 Oct 1940. Activated in Hawaii on 1 Nov 1940. Redesignated Seventh AF in Feb 1942. Provided air defense for the Hawaiian Islands and, after mid-1943, served in combat in the central and western Pacific areas. Transferred back to Hawaii in Jan 1946. Redesignated Pacific Air Command in Dec 1947. Discontinued on 1 Jun 1949.

Redesignated Seventh AF. Activated in Hawaii on 5 Jan 1955. Assigned to Far East Air Forces.

Commands. VII Bomber: 1942-1946. VII Fighter: 1942-1945.

Stations. Ft Shafter, TH, 1 Nov 1940; Hickam Field, TH, c. 12 Jul 1941; Saipan, 13 Dec 1944; Okinawa, 14 Jul 1945; Hickam Field, TH, 1 Jan 1941-Jun 1949. Hickam AFB, TH, 5 Jan 1955; Wheeler AFB, TH, 24 Mar 1955-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Frederick L Martin, 2 Nov 1940; Maj Gen Clarence L Tinker, 18 Dec 1941; Brig Gen Howard C Davidson, 9 Jun 1942; Maj Gen Willis H Hale, 20 Jun 1942; Maj Gen Robert W Douglass Jr, 15 Apr 1944; Maj Gen Thomas D White, 23 Jun 1945; Brig Gen Donald F Stace, 19 Oct 1946; Maj Gen Ralph H Wooten, 22 May 1947; Brig Gen Robert F Travis, 1 Sep 1948-1 Jun 1949. Maj Gen Sory Smith, 5 Jan 1955; Brig Gen Julian M Chappell, 25 Jul 1955-.

Campaigns. Central Pacific; Air Offensive, Japan; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific; Ryukyus; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue disc a golden orange Arabic numeral "7" enfiled in base by a white five-pointed star charged with a red disc, in perspective, all within a golden orange border. (Approved 21 May 1943.)

Eighth Air Force (originally VIII Bomber Command)

Constituted as VIII Bomber Command on 19 Jan 1942. Activated in the US on 1 Feb 1942. An advanced detachment was established in England on 23 Feb and units began arriving from the US during the spring of 1942. The command conducted the heavy bombardment operations of Eighth AF (see US Strategic Air Forces in Europe) from 17 Aug 1942 until early in 1944. Redesignated Eighth until AF on 22 Feb 1944. Afterward, engaged primarily in bombardment of strategic targets in Europe. Transferred, without personnel, equipment, and combat elements, to Okinawa on 16 Jul 1945. Although some personnel and combat units were assigned before V-J Day, the Eighth did not participate in combat against Japan. Transferred, without personnel and equipment, to the US on 7 Jun 1946. Remanned and re-equipped as part of Strategic Air Command.

Components. 1st Bombardment Wing: 1942-1943. 2d Bombardment Wing: 1942-1943. 3d Bombardment Wing: 1942-1943. 4th Bombardment Wing: 1942-1943. 12th Bombardment Wing: 1942-1944. 301st Fighter Wing: 1945-1946. 316th Bombardment Wing: 1945-1946. 1st Air Division: 1943-1945. 2d Air Division: 1943-1945. 3d Air Division: 1943-1945. VIII Fighter Command: 1944-1945.

Stations. Langley Field, Va, 1 Feb 1942; Savannah AB, Ga, c. 10 Feb 1942; Daws Hill, England, 23 Feb 1942; High Wycombe, England, 15 May 1942-16 Jul 1945; Okinawa, 16 Jul 1945-7 Jun 1946; MacDill Field, Fla, 7 Jun 1946; Ft Worth AAFld, Tex, 1 Nov 1946; Westover AFB, Mass, Jun 1955-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Ira C Eaker, 23 Feb 1942; Brig Gen Newton Longfellow, 2 Dec 1942; Maj Gen Frederick L Anderson, 1 Jul 1943; Lt Gen James H Doolittle, 6 Jan 1944; Maj Gen William E Kepner, 10 May 1945; Maj Gen Westside T Larson, 21 Jun 1945; Lt Gen James H Doolittle, 19 Jul 1945; Maj Gen Earle E Partridge, 12 Sep 1945; Brig Gen Patrick W Timberlake, 30 Nov 1945-unkn; Col Nell B Harding, c. 16 Aug 1946; Brig Gen Roger M Ramey, 1 Nov 1946; Maj Gen Clements McMullen, 12 Nov 1946; Maj Gen Roger M Ramey, 16 Dec 1946; Maj Gen Archie J Old Jr, 15 Jun 1950; Lt Gen Samuel E Anderson, 14 Aug 1950; Maj Gen John B Montgomery, 8 May 1953; Maj Gen James C Selser Jr, 13 Jun 1955; Maj Gen Walter C Sweeney Jr, 6 Aug 1955-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe; Asiatic-Pacific Theater.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Azure, in the lower lobe of the winged Arabic numeral "8" or a mullet throughout argent charged with a torteaux. (Approved 20 May 1943.)

Ninth Air Force

Constituted as V Air Support Command on 21 Aug 1941. Activated on 1 Sep 1941. Redesignated Ninth AF in Apr 1942. Moved to Egypt and began operations on 12 Nov 1942, participating in the Allied drive across Egypt and Libya, the campaign in Tunisia, and the invasions of Sicily and Italy. Moved to England in Oct 1943 to become the tactical air force for the invasion of the Continent. Helped prepare for the assault on Normandy, supported operations on the beach in Jun 1944, and took part in the drive that carried the Allies across France and culminated in victory over Germany in May 1945. Inactivated in Germany on 2 Dec 1945.

Activated in the US on 28 Mar 1946. Assigned to Tactical Air Command until Dec 1948 when the Ninth, reassigned to Continental Air Command, lost its role as a tactical air organization and became concerned chiefly with reserve and national guard activities. Redesignated Ninth AF (Tactical) in Aug 1950. Assigned to Tactical Air Command in Dec 1950 and again became concerned primarily with tactical air operations. Redesignated Ninth AF in Jun 1951.

Components. 9th Air Division (formerly IX Bomber Command): 1942-1945. IX Air Defense Command: 1944-1945. IX Fighter Command: 1942-1945. IX Tactical Air Command: 1943-1945. IX Troop Carrier Command: 1943-1944. XIX Tactical Air Command: 1944-1945. XXIX Tactical Air Command: 1945.

Stations. Bowman Field, Ky, 1 Sep 1941; New Orleans AAB, La, 24 Jan 1942; Bolling Field, DC, 22 Jul-Oct 1942; Egypt, 12 Nov 1942-Oct 1943; England, 16 Oct 1943-Sep 1944; France, 15 Sep 1944; Germany, 6 Jun-2 Dec 1945. Biggs Field, Tex 28 Mar 1946; Greenville AAB, SC, 31 Oct 1946; Langley AFB, Va, 14 Feb 1949; Pope AFB, NC, 1 Aug 1950; Shaw AFB, SC, 20 Aug 1954-.

Commanders. Brig Gen Junius W Jones, Sep 1941; Col Rosenham Beam, 1942; Lt Gen Lewis H Brereton, 12 Nov 1942; Lt Gen Hoyt S Vandenburg, 8 Aug 1944; Maj Gen Otto P Weyland, 23 May 1945; MajGen William E Kepner, 4 Aug-2 Dec 1945. Brig Gen Homer L Sanders, 28 Mar 1946; Maj Gen Paul L Williams, 1 Nov 1946; Maj Gen William D Old, 15 Sep 1947; Maj Gen Willis H Hale, 20 OCt 1949; Maj Gen Willard R Wolfinbarger, 1 Aug 1950; Maj Gen Edward J Timberlake, 7 Sep 1951-.

Campaigns. American Theater; Air Combat, EAME Theater; Egypt-Libya; Air Offensive, Europe; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Shield: Azure, a bezant winged argent charged with the Arabic numeral "9" gules, in honor point a mullet of the second bearing a torteau. (Approved 16 Sep 1943.)

Tenth Air Force

Constituted as Tenth AF on 4 Feb 1942 and activated on 12 Feb. Moved to India, Mar-May 1942. Served in India, Burma, and China until Mar 1943 when Fourteenth AF was activated in China. Then the Tenth operated in India and Burma until it moved to China late in Jul 1945. Returned to the US, Dec 1945-Jan 1946. Inactivated on 6 Jan 1946.

Activated on 24 May 1946. Assigned first to Air Defense Command and later (Dec 1948) to Continental Air Command. Supervised reserve and national guard activities.

Groups. 3d Combat Cargo: 1944-1945. 7th Bombardment: 1942-1945. 12th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 33d Fighter: 1944-1945. Both Fighter: 1943-1945. 311th Fighter: 1943-1944. 341st Bombardment: 1942-1944. 443d Troop Carrier: 1944-1945.

Stations. Patterson Field, Ohio, 12 Feb-8 Mar 1942; New Delhi, India, 16 May 1942; Myitkyina, Burma, 2 Nov 1944; Piardoba, India, 15 May 1945; Kunming, China, 1 Aug 1945; Liuchow, China, 9 Aug-15 Dec 1945; Ft Lawton, Wash, 5-6 Jan 1946. Brooks Field, Tex, 24 May 1946; Offutt AFB, Neb, 1 Jul 1948; Ft Benjamin Harrison, Ind, 25 Sep 1948; Selfridge AFB, Mich, 16 Jan 1950-.

Commanders. Col Harry A Halverson, 17 Feb 1942; Maj Gen Lewis H Brereton, 5 Mar 1942; Brig Gen Earl L Naiden, 26 Jun 1942; Maj Gen Clayton L Bissell, 18 Aug 1942; Maj Gen Howard C Davidson, ig Aug 1943; Maj Gen Albert F Hegenberger, 1 Aug 1945-unkn. Col Edward N Backus, 6 Jun 1946; Maj Gen Howard M Turner, 18 Jun 1946; Brig Gen Harry A Johnson, 6 Jan 1948; Maj Gen Paul L Williams, 1 Jul 1948; Maj Gen Harry A Johnson, 30 Apr 1950; Maj Gen Grandison Gardner, 20 Jan 1951; Maj Gen Harry A Johnson, 1 Apr 1951; Maj Gen Richard A Grussendorf, 2 Jul 1953; Maj Gen Robert E L Eaton, 15 Sep 1955-.

Campaigns. Burma, 1942; India-Burma; China Defensive; Central Burma; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue disc, a white shield in base, winged golden orange, the shield bearing the Arabic numeral "10" ultramarine blue, all below a white five pointed star charged with a red disc, encircled by a white annulet. (Approved 25 Jan 1944.)

Eleventh Air Force

Constituted as Alaskan AF on 28 Dec 1941. Activated in Alaska on 15 Jan 1942. Redesignated Eleventh AF in Feb 1942. Participated in the offensive that drove the Japanese from the Aleutians, attacked the enemy in the Kuril Islands, and, both during and after the war, served as part of the defense force for Alaska. Redesignated Alaskan Air Command in Dec 1945

(This Eleventh AF is not related to an organization of the same name that was constituted on 13 May 1946, assigned to Air Defense Command, activated on 13 Jun 1946, and inactivated on 1 Jul 1948.)

Commands. XI Bomber: 1943-1944. XI Fighter: 1942-1944.

Stations. Elmendorf Field, Alaska, 15 Jan 1942; Adak, 10 Aug 1943; Elmendorf Field, Alaska, 1 Oct 1946-.

Commanders. Lt Col Everett S Davis, 15 Jan 1942; Col Lionel H Dunlap, 17 Feb 1942; Maj Gen William O Butler, 8 Mar 1942; Maj Gen Davenport Johnson, 13 Sep 1943; Brig Gen Isaiah Davies, 4 May 1945; Maj Gen John B Brooks, 22 Jun 1945; Brig Gen Edmund C Lynch, 21 Dec 1945; Maj Gen Joseph H Atkinson, 1 Oct 1946; Maj Gen Frank A Armstrong Jr, 26 Feb 1949; Maj Gen William D Old, 27 Dec 1950; Brig Gen Walter R Agee, 27 Oct 1952; Maj Gen George R Acheson, 26 Feb 1953-.

Campaigns. Air Offensive, Japan; Aleutian Islands.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue shield, a red Arabic numeral "11" outlined in white, above a winged white star, bend sinisterwise, with a red disc in the center, wing golden yellow. (Approved 13 Aug 1943. This insigne was superseded by another on 23 May 1947.)

Twelfth Air Force

Constituted as Twelfth AF on 20 Aug 1942 and activated the same day. Moved to England, Aug-Sep 1942, and then on to North Africa for the invasion of Algeria and French Morocco in Nov 1942. Operated in the Mediterranean theater until the end of the war, serving with Northwest African Air Forces from Feb to Dec 1943, and afterward with Mediterranean Allied Air Forces. Inactivated in Italy on 31 Aug 1945.

Activated in the US on 17 May 1946. Assigned to Tactical Air Command until Dec 1948 when the Twelfth, reassigned to Continental Air Command, lost its functions associated with tactical airpower and became concerned primarily with reserve and national guard activities. Discontinued on 1 Jul 1950.

Organized in Germany on 21 Jan 1951. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe.

Commands. XII Bomber: 1942-1944. XII Tactical Air: 1942-1944. XXII Tactical Air (formerly XII Fighter): 1942-1945.

Stations. Bolling Field, DC, 20-28 Aug 1942; England, 12 Sep-22 Oct 1942; Algeria, 9 Nov 1942; Tunisia, 10 Aug 1943; Italy, 5 Dec 1943-31 Aug 1945. March Field, Calif, 17 May 1946; Brooks AFB, Tex, 1 Jan 1949-1 Jul 1950. Wiesbaden, Germany, 21 Jan 1951; Ramstein, Germany, 27 Apr 1953-.

Commanders. Lt Col Roger J Browne, 26 Aug 1942; Lt Col Harold L Neely, 28 Aug 1942; Maj Gen James H Doolittle, 23 Sep 1942; Lt Gen Carl Spaatz, 1 Mar 1943; Lt Gen John K Cannon, 21 Dec 1943; LMaj Gen Benjamin W Chidlaw, 2 Apr 1945; Brig Gen Charles T Myers, 26 May-31 Aug 1945. Brig Gen Yantis H Taylor, 17 May 1946; Brig Gen John P Doyle, 10 Jul 1946; Maj Gen William D Old, 24 Sep 1946; Brig Gen John P Doyle, 23 Jan 1947; Maj Gen Glenn O Barcus, 2 May 1947; Maj Gen Alden R Crawford, 1 Sep 1949; Col Ezekiel W Napier, 13 Jun-1 Jul 1950; Maj Gen Robert W Douglass Jr, 22 Jan 1951; Maj Gen Dean C Strother, 16 Mar 1951; Maj Gen Robert M Lee, 20 Nov 1953-.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Algeria-French Morocco; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; Southern France; North Apennines; Po Valley.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On an ultramarine blue equilateral triangle, one point down, a white star with a red disc in the center thereof bearing the numeral "12" in white, below a pair of stylized golden orange wings. (Approved 1 Dec 1943.)

Thirteenth Air Force

Constituted as Thirteenth AF on 14 Dec 1942. Activated in New Caledonia on 13 Jan 1943. Served in the South Pacific and, later, Southwest Pacific, participating in the Allied drive north and west from the Solomons to the Philippines. Remained in the Philippines, as part of Far East Air Forces, after the war. Transferred, without personnel and equipment, to Okinawa in Dec 1948 and back to the Philippines in May 1949.

Commands. XIII Bomber: 1943-1946. XIII Fighter: 1943-1946.

Stations. New Caledonia, 13 Jan 1943; Espiritu Santo, 21 Jan 1943; Guadalcanal, 13 Jan 1944; Los Negros, 15 Jun 1944; Hollandia, New Guinea, 13 Sep 1944; Noemfoor, 23 Sep 1944; Morotai, 29 OCt 1944; Leyte, 1 Mar 1945; Clark Field, Luzon, c. 1 Jan 1946; Ft William McKinley, Luzon, 20 May 1946; Clark Field, Luzon, 15 Aug 1947; Kadena, Okinawa, 1 Dec 1948; Clark AFB, Luzon, 16 May 1949-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Nathan F Twining, 13 Jan 1943; Brig Gen Ray L Owens, 27 Jul 1943; Maj Gen Hubert R Harmon, 7 Jan 1944; Maj Gen St Clair Streett, 15 Jun 1944; Maj Gen Paul B Wurtsmith, 19 Feb 1945; Maj Gen Eugene L Eubank, 4 Jul 1946; Maj Gen Charles T Myers, 1 Dec 1948; Maj Gen Howard M Turner, Jun 1949; Maj Gen Ernest Moore, 16 Oct 1951; Maj Gen John W Sessums Jr, 10 Oct 1952; Brig Gen William L Lee, 27 Aug 1954-.

Campaigns. China Defensive; Guadalcanal; New Guinea; Northern Solomons; Eastern Mandates; Bismarck Archipelago; Western Pacific; Leyte; Luzon; Southern Philippines; China Offensive.

Decorations. Philippine Presidential Unit Citation.

Insigne. On a blue disc, bordered golden orange, a pair of golden orange wings surmounted in base by a white star charged with a red disc; all below the Arabic numeral "13" in white. (Approved 18 Jan 1944.)

Fourteenth Air Force

Constituted as Fourteenth AF on 5 Mar 1943 and activated in China on 10 Mar. Served in combat against the Japanese, operating primarily in China, until the end of the war. Moved to the US, Dec 1945-Jan 1946. Inactivated on 6 Jan 1946.

Activated on 24 May 1946. Assigned first to Air Defense Command and later (1948) to Continental Air Command. Supervised reserve and national guard activities.

Wings. 68th Composite: 1943-1945. 69th Composite: 1943-1945. 312th Fighter: 1944-1945.

Stations. Kunming, China, 10 Mar 1943; Peishiyi, China, 7 Aug-15 Dec 1945; Ft Lawton, Wash, 5-6 Jan 1946. Orlando AB, Fla, 24 May 1946; Robins AFB, Ga, 29 Oct 1949-.

Commanders. Maj Gen Claire L Chennault, 10 Mar 1943; Maj Gen Charles B Stone III, 10 Aug-31 Dec 1945. Maj Gen Leo A Walton, 24 May 1946; Maj Gen Ralph F Stearley, 27 Jul 1948; Maj Gen Charles E Thomas Jr, 17 Jul 1950; Maj Gen George G Finch, 1 Feb 1955-.

Campaigns. India-Burma; China Defensive; China Offensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue disc, a winged Bengal tiger golden orange with black and white markings, below and partially covering a white star charged with a red disc. (Approved 6 Aug 1943.)

Fifteenth Air Force

Constituted as Fifteenth AF on 30 Oct 1943. Activated in the Mediterranean theater on 1 Nov 1943. Began operations on 2 Nov and engaged primarily in strategic bombardment of targets in Italy, France, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and the Balkans until the end of the war. Inactivated in Italy on 15 Sep 1945. Activated in the US on 31 Mar 1946. Assigned to Strategic Air Command.

Wings. 5th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 42d Bombardment: 1943. 47th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 49th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 55th Bombardment: 1944-1945. 304th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 305th Bombardment: 1943-1945. 306th Fighter: 1944-1945. 307th Bombardment: 1944.

Stations. Tunis, Tunisia, 1 Nov 1943; Bari, Italy, 1 Dec 1943-15 Sep 1945. Colorado Springs, Colo, 31 Mar 1946; March AFB, Calif, 7 Nov 1949-.

Commanders. Maj Gen James H Doolittle, 1 Nov 1943; Maj Gen Nathan F Twining, 3 Jan 1944; Brig Gen James A Mollison, 26 May 1945; Brig Gen William L Lee, 3 Aug 1945; Col Elmer J Rogers Jr, 31 Aug-15 Sep 1945. Maj Gen Charles F Born, 31 Mar 1946; Brig Gen Leon W Johnson, 24 Apr 1947; Maj Gen Emmett O'Donnell Jr, 6 Oct 1948; Maj Gen Walter C Sweeney Jr, 20 Apr 1953; Maj Gen Archie J Old Jr, c. 20 Aug 1955-.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Air Offensive, Europe; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; Normandy; Northern France; Southern France; North Apennines; Rhineland; Central Europe; Po Valley.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. On a blue disc a white star charged with a red disc in the center and with golden orange stylized wings below a golden orange Arabic numeral "15", all within a golden orange annulet. (Approved 19 Feb 1944.)

Twentieth Air Force

Constituted as Twentieth AF on 4 Apr 1944 and activated the same day. Some combat elements moved in the summer of 1944 from the US to India where they carried out very heavy bombardment operations against targets in Japan, Formosa, Thailand, and Burma. Other combat elements began moving late in 1944 from the US to the Marianas, being joined there early in 1945 by the elements that had been in India. Headquarters, which had remained in the US, was transferred to Guam in Jul 1945. From the Marianas the Twentieth conducted a strategic air offensive that was climaxed by the dropping of two atomic bombs on Japan. After the war the Twentieth remained in the theater and eventually became part of Far East Air Forces. Served in combat for a short time at the beginning of the Korean War but later was concerned primarily with logistic support for the operations of other organizations and with air defense for the Ryukyus. Inactivated on Okinawa on 1 Mar 1955.

Commands. VII Fighter: 1945. XX Bomber: 1944-1945. XXI Bomber: 1944-1945.

Stations. Washington, DC, 4 Apr 1944; Harmon Field, Guam, 16 Jul 1945; Kadena, Okinawa, 16 May 1949-1 Mar 1955.

Commanders. General of the Army Henry H Arnold, 6 Apr 1944; Maj Gen Curtis E LeMay, 16 Jul 1945; Lt Gen Nathan F Twining, 2 Aug 1945; Maj Gen James E Parker, 15 Oct 1945; Brig Gen Frederick M Hopkins Jr, 19 Mar 1946; Maj Gen Francis H Griswold, 10 Sep 1946; Maj Gen Alvan C Kincaid, 8 Sep 1948; Maj Gen Ralph F Stearley, 31 Ju 1950; Maj Gen Fay R Upthegrove, 8 Feb 1953-1 Mar 1955.

Campaigns. World War II: American Theater; India-Burma; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific; Central Burma. Korean War: UN Defensive.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. A disc of ultramarine blue marked with white parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude surmounted in base by a white star charged at center with a red disc and circumscribed by an annulet golden orange lined blue, tips enclosing the Arabic numeral "20". (Approved 26 May 1944.)

U.S. Strategic Air Forces In Europe (originally Eighth Air Force)

Constituted as Eighth AF on 19 Jan 1942 and activated on 28 Jan. Moved to England, May-Jun 1942, and engaged primarily in bombardment of targets in Europe. Redesignated US Strategic Air Forces in Europe on 22 Feb 1944. Afterward, coordinated AAF activities in the EAME Theater, exercising some operational control over both Eighth AF (originally VIII Bomber Command) and Fifteenth, and some administrative control over Eighth AF and Ninth. Served with the occupation forces in Europe after World War II. Redesignated United States Air Forces in Europe in Aug 1945. Directed USAF operations in the Berlin airlift, Jun 1948-Sep 1949.

Commands. VIII Air Support: 1942-1943. VIII Bomber: 1942-1944. VIII Fighter: 1942-1944.

Stations. Savannah AB, Ga, 28 Jan-c. 20 May 1942; London, England, 18 Jun 1942; Bushy Park, England, 25 Jun 1942; St-Germain-en-Laye, France, 26 Sep 1944; Wiesbaden, Germany, c. 28 Sep 1945-.

Commanders. Brig Gen Asa N Duncan, 28 Jan 1942; Maj Gen Carl Spaatz, 5 May 1942; Lt Gen Ira C Eaker, 1 Dec 1942; Gen Carl Spaatz, 6 Jan 1944; Lt Gen John K Cannon, 3 Jun 1945; Gen Carl Spaatz, 13 Jun 1945; Lt Gen John K Cannon, 4 Jul 1945; Maj Gen Idwal H Edwards, 2 Mar 1946; Brig Gen John F McBlain, 14 Aug 1947; Lt Gen Curtis E LeMay, 20 Oct 1947; Lt Gen John K Cannon, 16 Oct 1948; Gen Lauris Norstad, 22 Jan 1951; Lt Gen William H Tunner, 27 Jul 1953-.

Campaigns. Air Combat, EAME Theater; Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.

Decorations. None.

Insigne. Upon a shield argent charged with letters USSTAF gules, a chief azure charged with a pair of wings displayed or between three mullets one and two of the first in fess point a large mullet of the field that portion on shield fimbriated of the third charged with a torteau. (Approved 21 Dec 1944.)

Air Force Combat Units of World War II concludes here