Main properties and evolutionary features of antifreeze proteins - Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research
- ️Shumny, V. K.
- ️Sun Feb 17 2013
References
Amornwittawat, N., Wang, S., Duman, J.G., et al., Polycarboxylates Enhance Beetle Antifreeze Protein Activity, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2008, vol. 1784, no. 12, pp. 1942–1948.
Andorfer, C.A. and Duman, J.G., Isolation and Characterization of cDNA Clones Encoding Antifreeze Proteins of the Pyrochroid Beetle Dendroides canadensis, J. Insect Physiol., 2000, vol. 46, pp. 365–372.
Antikainen, M., Griffth, M., Zhang, J., et al., Immunolocalization of Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Rye Leaves, Crowns, and Roots by Tissue Printing, Plant Physiol., 1996, vol. 110, pp. 845–857.
Antikainen, M. and Griffith, M., Antifreeze Accumulation in Freezing Tolerant Cereals, Physiol. Plant., 1997, vol. 99, pp. 423–432.
Baardsnes, J., Kondejewski, L.H., Hodges, R.S., et al., New Ice-Binding Face for Type I Antifreeze Protein, FEBS Lett., 1999, vol. 463, nos. 1/2, pp. 87–91.
Baardsnes, J., Kuiper, M.J., and Davies, P.L., Antifreeze Protein Dimer: When Two Ice-Binding Faces Are Better Than One, J. Biol. Chem., 2003, vol. 278, no. 40, pp. 38942–38947.
Barrett, J., Thermal Hysteresis Proteins, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2001, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 105–117.
Bayer-Giraldi, M., Weikusat, I., Besir, H., et al., Characterization of An aAntifreeze Protein from the Polar Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Its Relevance in Sea Ice, Cryobiology, 2011, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 210–219.
Bilyk, K.T. and DeVries, A.L., Delayed Onset of Adult Antifreeze Activity Juveniles of the Antarctic Icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus, Polar Biol., 2011. DOI: 10.1007/S00300-010-0828-6 (Published online)
Bouvet, V.R., Lorello, G.R., and Ben, R.N., Aggregation of Antifreeze Glycoprotein Fraction 8 and Its Effect on Antifreeze Activity, Biomacromolecules, 2006, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 565–571.
Bravo, L.A. and Griffith, M., Characterization of Antifreeze Activity in Antarctic Plants, J. Exp. Bot., 2005, vol. 56, pp. 1189–1196.
Cheng, C.H., in Evolution of the Antarctic Ichthyofauna, Prisco, G., Pisano, E., Clarke A., Eds., Springer-Verlag, 1998, pp. 311–328.
Cheng, C.H. and Chen, L., Evolution of An Antifreeze Glycoprotein, Nature, 1999, vol. 401, no. 6752, pp. 443–444.
Cziko, P.A., Evans, C.W., Cheng, C.-H.C., et al., Freezing Resistance of Antifreeze-Defcient Larval Antarctic Fsh, J. Exp. Biol, 2006, vol. 209, pp. 407–420.
Davies, P.L. and Sykes, B.D., Antifreeze Proteins, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 1997, vol. 7, pp. 828–834.
Davies, P.L., Baardsnes, J., Kuiper, M.J., et al., Structure and Function of Antifreeze Proteins, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 2002, vol. 357, pp. 927–935.
Deng, C., Cheng, C.H., Ye, H., et al., Evolution of an Antifreeze Protein by Neofunctionalization under Escape from Adaptive Conflict, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010, vol. 107, no. 50, pp. 21593–21598.
Desjardins, M., Le Fransois, N.R., Fletcher, G.L., et al., Seasonal Modulation of Plasma Antifreeze Protein Levels in Atlantic (Anarhichas lupus) and Spotted Wolffish (A. minor), J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2006, vol. 335, pp. 142–150.
DeVries, A.L. and Wohlschlag, D.E., Freezing Resistance in Some Antarctic Fishes, Science (Washington, D.C.), 1969, vol. 163, pp. 1073–1075.
DeVries, A.L., Antifreeze Glycopeptides and Peptides: Interactions with Ice and Water, Methods Enzymol., 1986, vol. 127, pp. 293–303.
Doucet, C.J., Byass, L., Elias, L., et al., Distribution and Characterization of Recrystallization Inhibitor Activity in Plant and Lichen Species from the UK and Maritime Antarctic, Cryobiology, 2000, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 218–227.
Doucet, D., Walker, V.K., and Qin, W., The Bugs That Came in from the Cold: Molecular Adaptations to Low Temperatures in Insects, Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2009, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 1404–1418.
Duman, J.G. and Olsen, T.M., Thermal Hysteresis Protein Activity in Bacteria, Fungi and Phylogenetically Diverse Plants, Cryobiology, 1993, vol. 30, pp. 322–328.
Duman, J.G., Purifcation and Characterization of a Thermal Hysteresis Protein from a Plant, the Bittersweet Nightshade Solanum dulcamara, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1994, vol. 1206, pp. 129–135.
Duman, J.G., Verleye, D., and Li, N., Site-Specific Forms of Antifreeze Protein in the Beetle Dendroides canadensis, J. Comp. Physiol. [B], 2002, vol. 172, no. 6, pp. 547–552.
Duman, J.G., Bennett, V., Sformo, T., et al., Antifreeze Proteins in Alaskan Insects and Spiders, J. Insect Physiol., 2004, vol. 50, pp. 259–266.
Duncker, B.P., Koops, M.D., Walker, V.K., et al., Low Temperature Persistence of Type I Antifreeze Protein Is Mediated by Cold-Specific MRNA Stability, FEBS Lett., 1995, vol. 377, pp. 185–188.
Ebbinghaus, S., Meister, K., Born, B., et al., Antifreeze Glycoprotein Activity Correlates with Long-Range Protein-Water Dynamics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, vol. 132, no. 35, pp. 12210–12211.
Evans, R.P. and Fletcher, G.L., Type I Antifreeze Proteins: Possible Origins from Chorion and Keratin Genes in Atlantic Snailfish, J. Mol. Evol., 2005, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 417–424.
Evans, R.P., Hobbs, R.S., Goddard, S.V., et al., The Importance of Dissolved Salts to the in vivo Efficacy of Antifreeze Proteins, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Mol. Integr. Physiol., 2007, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 556–561.
Ewart, K.V., Li, Z., Yang, D.S., et al., The Ice-Binding Site of Atlantic Herring Antifreeze Protein Corresponds to the Carbohydrate-Binding Site of C-Type Lectins, Biochemistry, 1998, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 4080–4085.
Ewart, K.V., Lin, Q., and Hew, C.L., Structure, Function and Evolution of Antifreeze Proteins, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 1999, vol. 55, pp. 271–283.
Fei, Y.B., Cao, P.X., Gao, S.Q., et al., Purification and Structure Analysis of Antifreeze Proteins from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2008, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 172–183.
Fletcher, G.L., Goddard, S.V., and Wu, Y., Antifreeze Proteins and Their Genes: from Basic Research to Business Opportunity, Chemtech, 1999, vol. 30, pp. 17–28.
Fletcher, G.L., Hew, C.L., and Davies, P.L., Antifreeze Proteins of Teleost Fishes, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2001, vol. 63, pp. 359–390.
Garnham, C.P., Campbell, R.L., and Davies, P.L., Anchored Clathrate Waters Bind Antifreeze Proteins to Ice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2011, vol. 108, no. 18, pp. 7363–7367.
Gauthier, S.Y., Marshall, C.B., Fletcher, G.L., et al., Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein in Founder Species. The Sole Freeze Protectant in American Plaice, FEBS J., 2005, vol. 272, no. 17, pp. 4439–4449.
Gilbert, J.A., Davies, P.L., and Laybourn-Parry, J., A Hyperactive, Ca2+-Dependent Antifreeze Protein in an Antarctic Bacterium, JFEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2005, vol. 245, no. 1, pp. 67–72.
Gong, Z., King, M.J., Fletcher, G.L., et al., The Antifreeze Protein Genes of the Winter Founder, Pleuronectes americanus, Are Differentially Regulated in Liver and Non-Liver Tissues, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1995, vol. 206, pp. 387–392.
Gong, Z., Ewart, K.V., Hu, Z., et al., Skin Antifreeze Protein Genes of the Winter Founder, Pleuronectes americanus, Encode Distinct and Active Polypeptides Without the Secretory Signal and Prosequences, J. Biol. Chem., 1996, vol. 271, pp. 4106–4112.
Gozzo, F., Systemic Acquired Resistance in Crop Protection: From Nature to a Chemical Approach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, vol. 51, no. 16, pp. 4487–4503.
Graether, S.P., Kuiper, M.J., Gagne, S.M., et al., Beta-Helix Structure and Ice-Binding Properties of a Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from an Insect, Nature, 2000, vol. 406, no. 6793, pp. 249–251.
Graether, S.P. and Sykes, B.D., Cold Survival in Freeze-Intolerant Insects: The Structure and Function of Beta-Helical Antifreeze Proteins, Eur. J. Biochem., 2004, vol. 271, no. 16, pp. 3285–3296.
Graham, L.A., Liou, Y.C., Walker, V.K., et al., Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Beetles, Nature, 1997, vol. 388, no. 6644, pp. 727–728.
Graham, L.A., Walker, V.K., and Davies, P.L., Developmental and Environmental Regulation of Antifreeze Proteins in the Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor, Eur. J. Biochem., 2000, vol. 267, pp. 6452–6458.
Graham, L.A. and Davies, P.L., Glycine-Rich Antifreeze Proteins from Snow Fleas, Science (Washington, D.C.), 2005, vol. 310, p. 461.
Graham, L.A., Qin, W., Lougheed, S.C., et al., Evolution of Hyperactive, Repetitive Antifreeze Proteins in Beetles, J. Mol. Evol., 2007, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 387–398.
Graham, L.A., Lougheed, S.C., Ewart, K.V., et al., Lateral Transfer of a Lectin-Like Antifreeze Protein Gene in Fishes, PLoS ONE, 2008a, vol. 3, no. 7, p. e2616.
Graham, L.A., Marshall, C.B., Lin, F.H., et al., Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Fish Contains Multiple Ice-Binding Sites, Biochemistry, 2008b, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 2051–2063.
Griffth, M. and Yaish, M.W., Antifreeze Proteins in Overwintering Plants: A Tale of Two Activities, Trends Plant. Sci, 2004, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 399–405.
Harding, M.M., Ward, L.G., and Haymet, A.D., Type I “Antifreeze” Proteins. Structure-Activity Studies and Mechanisms of Ice Growth Inhibition, Eur. J. Biochem., 1999, vol. 264, no. 3, pp. 653–665.
Harding, M.M., Anderberg, P.I., and Haymet, A.D., “Antifreeze” Glycoproteins from Polar Fish, Eur. J. Biochem., 2003, vol. 270, no. 7, pp. 1381–1392.
Hawes, T.C., Marshall, C.J., and Wharton, D.A., Antifreeze Proteins in the Antarctic Springtail, Gressittacantha terranova, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 2011, vol. 181, no. 6, pp. 713–719.
Hew, C.L., Wang, N.C., Joshi, S., et al., Multiple Genes Provide the Basis for Antifreeze Protein Diversity and Dosage in the Ocean Pout, Macrozoarces americanus, J. Biol. Chem., 1988, vol. 263, pp. 12049–12055.
Hobbs, R.S., Shears, M.A., Graham, L.A., et al., Isolation and Characterization of Type I Antifreeze Proteins from Cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, Order Perciformes, FEBS J., 2011, vol. 278, no. 19, pp. 3699–3710.
Hon, W.C., Griffith, M., Mlynarz, A., et al., Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Rye Are Similar to Pathogenesis-Related Proteins, Plant Physiol., 1995, vol. 109, pp. 879–889.
Horwath, K.L. and Duman, J.G., Induction of Antifreeze Protein Production by Juvenile Hormone in Larvae of the Beetle, Dendroides canadensis, J. Comp. Physiol., 1983, vol. 151, pp. 233–240.
Hsiao, K.C., Cheng, C.H., Fernandes, I.E., et al., An Antifreeze Glycopeptide Gene from the Antarctic Cod Notothenia coriiceps neglecta Encodes a Polyprotein of High Peptide Copy Number, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990, vol. 87, no. 23, pp. 9265–9269.
Huang, T. and Duman, J.G., Cloning and Characterization of a Thermal Hysteresis (Antifreeze) Protein with DNA-Binding Activity from Winter Bittersweet Nightshade, Solanum dulcamara, Plant Mol. Biol., 2002, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 339–350.
Janech, M.G., Krell, A., Mock, T., et al., Ice-Binding Proteins from Sea Ice Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), J. Phycol., 2006, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 410–416.
Jarzabek, M., Pukacki, P.M., and Nuc, K., Cold-Regulated Proteins with Potent Antifreeze and Cryoprotective Activities in Spruces (Picea sp.), Cryobiology, 2009, vol. 58, pp. 268–274.
Jia, Z. and Davies, P.L., Antifreeze Proteins: An Unusual Receptor Ligand Interaction, Trends Biochem. Sci., 2002, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 101–106.
Jin, Y. and DeVries, A.L., Antifreeze Glycoprotein Levels in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes Inhabiting Different Thermal Environments and the Effect of Warm Acclimation, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2006, vol. 144, no. 3, pp. 290–300.
John, U.P., Polotnianka, R.M., Sivakumaran, K.A., et al., Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Proteins (IRIPs) and Freeze Tolerance in the Cryophilic Antarctic Hair Grass Deschampsia Antarctica E. Desv., Plant Cell Environ., 2009, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 336–348.
Knight, C.A., DeVries, A.L., and Oolman, L.D., Fish Antifreeze Protein and the Freezing and Recrystallization of Ice, Nature, 1984, vol. 308, pp. 295–296.
Knight, C.A., Cheng, C.C., and DeVries, A.L., Adsorption of Alpha-Helical Antifreeze Peptides on Specific Ice Crystal Surface Planes, Biophys. J., 1991, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 409–418.
Knight, C.A., Wen, D., and Laursen, R.A., Nonequilibrium Antifreeze Peptides and the Recrystallization of Ice, Cryobiology, 1995, vol. 32, pp. 23–34.
Knight, C.A. and DeVries, A.L., Ice Growth in Supercooled Solutions of a Biological “Antifreeze”, AFGP 1–5: An Explanation in Terms of Adsorption Rate for the Concentration Dependence of the Freezing Point, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2009, vol. 11, no. 27, pp. 5749–5761.
Kristiansen, E., Ramlv, H., Hagen, L., et al., Isolation and Characterization of Hemolymph Antifreeze Proteins from Larvae of the Longhorn Beetle Rhagium inquisitor (L.), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2005, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 90–97.
Kristiansen, E., Pedersen, S.A., Ramlv, H., et al., Antifreeze Activity in the Cerambycid Beetle Rhagium inquisitor, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 1999, vol. 169, pp. 55–60.
Kristiansen, E. and Zachariassen, K.E., The Mechanism by Which Fish Antifreeze Proteins Cause Thermal Hysteresis, Cryobiology, 2005, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 262–280.
Kristiansen, E., Pedersen, S.A., and Zachariassen, K.E., Salt-Induced Enhancement of Antifreeze Protein Activity: A Salting-Out Effect, Cryobiology, 2008, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 122–129.
Kristiansen, E., Ramlv, H., Hjrup, P., et al., Structural Characteristics of a Novel Antifreeze Protein from the Longhorn Beetle Rhagium inquisitor, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2011, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 109–117.
Laursen, K.J., Brown, A.J., Middleton, A.J., et al., Expression and Characterization of an Antifreeze Protein from the Perennial Rye Grass, Lolium perenne, Cryobiology, 2011, vol. 62, pp. 194–201.
Lee, J.K., Kim, Y.J., Park, K.S., et al., Molecular and Comparative Analyses of Type IV Antifreeze Proteins (AFPIVs) from Two Antarctic Fishes, Pleuragramma antarcticum and Notothenia coriiceps, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2011, vol. 159, no. 4, pp. 197–205.
Lee, J.K., Park, K.S., Park, S., et al., An Extracellular Ice-Binding Glycoprotein from an Arctic Psychrophilic Yeast, Cryobiology, 2010, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 222–228.
Leinala, E.K., Davies, P.L., and Jia, Z., Crystal Structure of Beta-Helical Antifreeze Protein Points to a General Ice Binding Model, Structure, 2002a, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 619–627.
Leinala, E.K., Davies, P.L., Doucet, D., et al., A beta-Helical Antifreeze Protein Isoform with Increased Activity: Structural and Functional Insights, J. Biol. Chem., 2002b, vol. 277, pp. 33349–33352.
Li, N., Kendrick, B.S., Manning, M.C., et al., Secondary Structure of Antifreeze Proteins from Overwintering Larvae of the Beetle Dendroides canadensis, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1998, vol. 360, pp. 25–32.
Li, N., Andorfer, C.A., and Duman, J.G., Enhancement of Insect Antifreeze Protein Activity by Solutes of Low Molecular Mass, J. Exp. Biol., 1998, vol. 201, pp. 2243–2251.
Lin, F.H., Graham, L.A., Campbell, R.L., et al., Structural Modeling of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein, Biophys. J., 2007, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 1717–1723.
Lin, X., O’Tousa J.E., Duman J.G. Expression of Two Self-Enhancing Antifreeze Proteins from the Beetle Dendroides canadensis in Drosophila melanogaster, J. Insect Physiol., 2010, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 341–349.
Lin, F.H., Davies, P.L., and Graham, L.A., The Thr- and Ala-Rich Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Inchworm Folds as a Fat Silk-Like -Helix, Biochemistry, 2011, vol. 50, no. 21, pp. 4467–4478.
Liou, Y.C., Thibault, P., Walker, V.K., et al., A Complex Family of Highly Heterogeneous and Internally Repetitive Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins from the Beetle Tenebrio molitor, Biochemistry, 1999, vol. 38, pp. 11415–11424.
Liou, Y.C., Daley, M.E., Graham, L.A., et al., Folding and Structural Characterization of Highly Disulfide-Bonded Beetle Antifreeze Protein Produced in Bacteria, Protein Expr. Purif., 2000, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 148–157.
Liu, Y., Li, Z., Lin, Q., et al., Structure and Evolutionary Origin of Ca2+-Dependent Herring Type II Antifreeze Protein, PLoS ONE, 2007, vol. 2, no. 6, p. e548.
Mao, X., Liu, Z., Ma, J., et al., Characterization of a Novel β-Helix Antifreeze Protein from the Desert Beetle Anatolica polita, Cryobiology, 2011, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 91–99.
Marentes, E., Griffth, M., Mlynarz, A., et al., Proteins Accumulate in the Apoplast of Winter Rye Leaves during Cold Acclimation, Physiol. Plant., 1993, vol. 87, pp. 499–507.
Marshall, C.B., Daley, M.E., Graham, L.A., et al., Identification of the Ice-Binding Face of Antifreeze Protein from Tenebrio molitor, FEBS Lett., 2002, vol. 529, nos. 2/3, pp. 261–267.
Marshall, C.B., Daley, M.E., Sykes, B.D., et al., Enhancing the Activity of a beta-Helical Antifreeze Protein by the Engineered Addition of Coils, Biochemistry, 2004, vol. 43, no. 37, pp. 11637–11646.
Marshall, C.B., Chakrabartty, A., and Davies, P.L., Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Winter Founder Is a Very Long Rod-Like Dimer of alpha-Helices, J. Biol. Chem., 2005, vol. 280, no. 18, pp. 17920–17929.
Meyer, K., Keil, M., and Naldrett, M.J., A Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein of Carrot That Exhibits Antifreeze Activity, FEBS Lett., 1999, vol. 447, nos. 2/3, pp. 171–178.
Middleton, A.J., Brown, A.M., Davies, P.L., et al., Identification of the Ice-Binding Face of a Plant Antifreeze Protein, FEBS Lett., 2009, vol. 583, no. 4, pp. 815–819.
Miura, K., Ohgiya, S., Hoshino, T., et al., Determination of the Solution Structure of the N-Domain Plus Linker of Antarctic Eel Pout Antifreeze Protein RD3, J. Biochem., 1999, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 387–394.
Moffatt, B., Ewart, V., and Eastman, A., Cold Comfort: Plant Antifreeze Proteins, Physiol. Plant., 2006, vol. 126, pp. 5–16.
Mok, Y.F., Lin, F.H., Graham, L.A., et al., Structural Basis for the Superior Activity of the Large Isoform of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein, Biochemistry, 2010, vol. 49, pp. 2593–2603.
Nishimiya, Y., Kondo, H., Takamichi, M., et al., Crystal Structure and Mutational Analysis of Ca2+-Independent Type II Antifreeze Protein from Longsnout Poacher, Brachyopsis rostratus, J. Mol. Biol., 2008, vol. 382, no. 3, pp. 734–746.
Parody-Morreale, A., Murphy, K.P., and Di Cera, E., Inhibition of Bacterial Ice Nucleators by Fish Antifreeze Glycoproteins, Nature, 1988, vol. 333, pp. 782–783.
Pertaya, N., Marshall, C.B., DiPrinzio, C.L., et al., Fluorescence Microscopy Evidence for Quasi-Permanent Attachment of Antifreeze Proteins to Ice Surfaces, Biophys. J., 2007, vol. 92, no. 10, pp. 3663–3673.
Pertaya, N., Marshall, C.B., Celik, Y., et al., Direct Visualization of Spruce Budworm Antifreeze Protein Interacting with Ice Crystals: Basal Plane Affinity Confers Hyperactivity, Biophys. J., 2008, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 333–341.
Pudney, P.D., Buckley, S.L., Sidebottom, C.M., et al., The Physico-Chemical Characterization of a Boiling Stable Antifreeze Protein from a Perennial Grass (Lolium perenne), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2003, vol. 410, no. 2, pp. 238–245.
Qin, W., Tyshenko, M.G., Doucet, D., et al., Characterization of Antifreeze Protein Gene Expression in Summer Spruce Budworm Larvae, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2006, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 210–218.
Qin, W. and Walker, V.K., Tenebrio Molitor Antifreeze Protein Gene Identification and Regulation, Gene, 2006, vol. 367, pp. 142–149.
Qin, W., Doucet, D., Tyshenko, M.G., et al., Transcription of Antifreeze Protein Genes in Choristoneura fumiferana, Insect Mol. Biol., 2007, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 423–434.
Raymond, J.A. and Knight, C.A., Ice Binding, Recrystallization Inhibition, and Cryoprotective Properties of Ice-Active Substances Associated with Antarctic Sea Ice Diatoms, Cryobiology, 2003, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 174–181.
Raymond, J.A., Fritsen, C., and Shen, K., An Ice-Binding Protein from an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 2007, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 214–221.
Samygin, G.A., Ice Formation in Plants, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 1997, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 275–286.
Sandve, S.R., Rudi, H., Asp, T., et al., Tracking the Evolution of a Cold Stress Associated Gene Family in Cold Tolerant Grasses, BMC Evol. Biol., 2008, vol. 8, p. 245.
Scotter, A.J., Marshall, C.B., Graham, L.A., et al., The Basis for Hyperactivity of Antifreeze Proteins, Cryobiology, 2006, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 229–239.
Smallwood, M., Worrall, D., Byass, L., et al., Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Antifreeze Protein from Carrot (Daucus carota), Biochem. J., 1999, vol. 340, pp. 385–391.
Tam, R.Y., Rowley, C.N., Petrov, I., et al., Solution Conformation of C-Linked Antifreeze Glycoprotein Analogues and Modulation of Ice Recrystallization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, vol. 131, no. 43, pp. 15745–15753.
Tremblay, K., Ouellet, F., Fournier, J., et al., Molecular Characterization and Origin of Novel Bipartite Cold-Regulated Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Proteins from Cereals, Plant Cell Physiol., 2005, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 884–891.
Trunova, T.I., Rastenie i nizkotemperaturnyi stress (Plants and Low-Temperature Stress), Moscow: Nauka, 2007.
Tyshenko, M.G., Doucet, D., Davies, P.L., et al., The Antifreeze Potential of the Spruce Budworm Thermal Hysteresis Protein, Nat. Biotechnol., 1997, vol. 15, pp. 887–890.
Uda, Y., Zepeda, S., Kaneko, F., et al., Adsorption-Induced Con-Formational Changes of Antifreeze Glycoproteins at the Ice/Water Interface, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, vol. 111, no. 51, pp. 14355–14361.
Urrutia, M.E., Duman, J.G., and Knight, C.A., Plant Thermal Hysteresis Proteins, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1992, vol. 1121, nos. 1/2, pp. 199–206.
Wang, X., DeVries, A.L., and Cheng, C.H., Genomic Basis for Antifreeze Peptide Heterogeneity and Abundance in an Antarctic Eel Pout: Gene Structures and Organization, Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol., 1995, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 135–147.
Wang, L. and Duman, J.G., A Thaumatin-Like Protein from Larvae of the Beetle Dendroides canadensis Enhances the Activity of Antifreeze Proteins, Biochemistry, 2006, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1278–1284.
Wang, S., Amornwittawat, N., Juwita, V., et al., Arginine, a Key Residue for the Enhancing Ability of an Antifreeze Protein of the Beetle Dendroides canadensis, Biochemistry, 2009, vol. 48, no. 40, pp. 9696–9703.
Wharton, D.A., Barrett, J., Goodall, G., et al., Ice-Active Proteins from the Antarctic Nematode Panagrolaimus davidi, Cryobiology, 2005, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 198–207.
Wierzbicki, A., Madura, J.D., Salmon, C., et al., Modeling Studies of Binding of Sea Raven Type II Antifreeze Protein to Ice, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 1997, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1006–1010.
Wierzbicki, A., Knight, C.A., Salter, E.A., et al., The Role of Non-Polar Amino Acid Functional Groups in the Surface-Orientation-Dependent Adsorption of Natural and Synthetic Antifreeze Peptides on Ice, Crystal Growth Design, 2008, vol. 8, pp. 3420–3429.
Winfeld, M.O., Lu, C., Wilson, I.D., et al., Plant Responses to Cold: Transcriptome Analysis of Wheat, Plant Biotechnol. J., 2010, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 749–771.
Wisniewski, M., Webb, R., Balsamo, R., et al., Purifcation, Immunolocalization, Cryoprotective and Antifreeze Activity of PCA60: A Dehydrin from Peach (Prunus persica), Physiol. Plant., 1999, vol. 105, pp. 600–608.
Worrall, D., Elias, L., Ashford, D., et al., A Carrot Leucine-Rich-Repeat Protein That Inhibits Ice Recrystallization, Science, 1998, vol. 282, no. 5386, pp. 115–117.
Wu, Y., Banoub, J., Goddard, S.V., et al., Antifreeze Glycoproteins: Relationship between Molecular Weight, Thermal Hysteresis and the Inhibition of Leakage from Liposomes during Thermotropic Phase Transition, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2001, vol. 128, no. 2, pp. 265–273.
Xiao, N., Suzuki, K., Nishimiya, Y., et al., Comparison of Functional Properties of Two Fungal Antifreeze Proteins from Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Typhula ishikariensis, FEBS J., 2010, vol. 277, no. 2, pp. 394–403.
Yaish, M.W., Doxey, A.C., McConkey, B.J., et al., Cold-Active Winter Rye Glucanases with Ice-Binding Capacity, Plant Physiol., 2006, vol. 141, no. 4, pp. 1459–1472.
Yeh, S., Moffatt, B.A., Griffth, M., et al., Chitinase Genes Responsive to Cold Encode Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Cereals, Plant Physiol., 2000, vol. 124, pp. 1251–1264.
Yu, J., Cheng, C.H., DeVries, A.L., et al., Characterization of a Multimer Type III Antifreeze Protein Gene from the Antarctic Eel Pout (Lycodichthys dearborni), Yi Chuan Xue Bao, 2005, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 789–794.
Yu, S.O., Brown, A., Middleton, A.J., et al., Ice Restructuring Inhibition Activities in Antifreeze Proteins with Distinct Differences in Thermal Hysteresis, Cryobiology, 2010, vol. 61, pp. 327–334.
Zachariassen, K.E. and Kristiansen, E., Ice Nucleation and Anti-Nucleation in Nature, Cryobiology, 2000, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 257–279.
Zachariassen, K.E., DeVries, A.L., Hunt, B., et al., Effect of Ice Fraction and Dilution Factor on the Antifreeze Activity in the Hemolymph of the Cerambycid Beetle Rhagium inquisitor, Cryobiology, 2002, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 132–141.
Zhang, D.Q., Liu, B., Feng, D.R., et al., Expression, Purification, and Antifreeze Activity of Carrot Antifreeze Protein and Its Mutants, Protein Expr. Purif., 2004, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 257–263.
Zhang, D.Q., Wang, H.B., Liu, B., et al., Carrot Antifreeze Protein Does Not Exhibit the Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Activity of PGIP Family, Yi Chuan Xue Bao, 2006, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1027–1036.
Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Wang, L., et al., Improvement of Texture Properties and Favor of Frozen Dough by Carrot (Daucus carota) Antifreeze Protein Supplementation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, vol. 55, no. 23, pp. 9620–9626.
Zhang, J., Deng, C., Wang, J., et al., Identification of a Two-Domain Antifreeze Protein Gene in Antarctic Eelpout Lycodichthys dearborni, Polar Biol., 2009, vol. 32, pp. 35–40.
Zhang, C., Fei, S.Z., Arora, R., et al., Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Proteins of Perennial Ryegrass Enhance Freezing Tolerance, Planta, 2010, vol. 232, no. 1, pp. 155–164.