Media Landscapes

Georgia

The Georgian media landscape reflects the transitional nature of the Georgian democratic system

• 52.9 %

  Internet penetration

• Unitary semi-presidential republic

  Government type

Libya

Gaddafi’s regime nationalised all publishing and press organisations, no private press was allowed to operate in Libya for over 25 years

• 162

  Press freedom ranking

• 58.7 %

  Internet penetration

• In transition

  Government type

Norway

Radio was established in the mid-1920s. In 1933, four private local radio companies were merged into a national, state-owned company...

• 99.6 %

  Internet penetration

• Constitutional monarchy

  Government type

Syria

Syria cannot be considered any longer a unitary context. What is true in one area of the country does not necessarily apply to the others...

• 177

  Press freedom ranking

• 31.9 %

  Internet penetration

Guatemala

Unlike other media, television has not lost the leadership in being one of the most influential channels to shape Guatemalans’ opinions.

• 116

  Press freedom ranking

• 34.5 %

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the countries where Internet is growing at a good pace.

• 147

  Press freedom ranking

• 48.4 %

  Internet penetration

• Parliamentary Republic

  Government type

Venezuela

TV has traditionally been one of the main telecommunication media and it is still the most used.

• 143

  Press freedom ranking

• 53.1 %

  Internet penetration

• Federal presidential republic

  Government type

Austria

The media landscape is characterized by two dominating groups: the public service broadcaster ORF and largest newspaper "Kronenzeitung"...

• 84.6 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Armenia

The Armenian print media are in a dire economic state. Newspaper printing is an exceedingly losing business

• 72.4%

  Internet penetration

• Parliamentary democracy

  Government type

South Sudan

Radio is the most largely consumed and trusted media in South Sudan. In Juba city alone, 66 percent of the population have access to radio.

• 139

  Press freedom ranking

• 16.8%

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Slovakia

Traditionally, the most trusted source of information has been radio broadcast, in recent years closely followed by television...

• 85.2 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Yemen

Two years of war have changed the Yemeni media landscape for worst in terms of publications, independence, freedom of the media...

• 167

  Press freedom ranking

• 24.6 %

  Internet penetration

France

Press, radio and TV markets are affected by a growing concentration in which main media outlets are held by fewer companies

• 86.8 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Semi-Presidential Republic

  Government type

Honduras

Starting from 1990 the audiovisual system underwent a process of adaptation to new neoliberal regulations in telecommunications.

• 181

  Press freedom ranking

• 32.5 %

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Nepal

Nepal’s newspapers have a history of over a hundred years but the first private commercial daily newspaper began publishing in 1993.

• 100

  Press freedom ranking

• 54.7 %

  Internet penetration

• Federal Presidential Republic

  Government type

Ukraine

The Ukrainian media market had to be developed from scratch since the country gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

• 101

  Press freedom ranking

• 93.0 %

  Internet penetration

• Semi-presidential Republic

  Government type

Niger

• 4.1%

  Internet penetration

• Semi-presidential Republic

  Government type

CAR

Print, radio and TV have not invested on acquiring an Internet presence and suffer as a result from a chronic lack of visibility.

• 145

  Press freedom ranking

• 5.3%

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

United States

The United States media system has entered a period of intense change: the number of channels, and thus of competitors, is multiplying

• 95.6%

  Internet penetration

• Constitutional Federal Republic

  Government type

Russia

Radio broadcasting in Russia is developing with a comparatively good business dynamic.

• 148

  Press freedom ranking

• 76.4 %

  Internet penetration

• Semi-Presidential Republic

  Government type

Germany

The German-speaking media market is comprised of about 100 M people, characterised by a long and deeply-rooted tradition of the press...

• 89.6 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Iraq

Higher education in journalism is consolidated in Iraq, but it has remained largely disconnected from global developments since the 1970s...

• 160

  Press freedom ranking

• 36.2 %

  Internet penetration

DRC

The journalism profession offers free access to all people including those who do not have a university education in journalism.

• 154

  Press freedom ranking

• 11.7 %

  Internet penetration

• Semi-presidential Republic

  Government type

Netherlands

The Dutch media are going digital at a rapid pace. This is shown by the growth of digital users, with more than 90% of the population...

• 94.8 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Constitutional monarchy

  Government type

Spain

The media landscape painted in Spain in the early 1990s survives to a great extent today and, with it, its wide ideological range...

• 87.1 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Constitutional monarchy

  Government type

Mexico

In the past decade, Mexico has become one of the riskiest and deadliest countries where to practice journalism, excluding those at war.

• 147

  Press freedom ranking

• 65.3 %

  Internet penetration

• Federal Presidential Republic

  Government type

Hungary

Hungarian viewers have a choice of over 130 nationwide free or subscription channels and a total of 390 local and regional channels...

• 80.5 %

  Internet penetration

Greece

Today, all media outlets are facing their most difficult times ever, but newspapers and magazines are suffering the most...

• 69.1 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Pakistan

Pakistan’s is a multi-linguistic media landscape with clear urban-rural disparities.

• 139

  Press freedom ranking

• 22.2 %

  Internet penetration

• Federal Presidential Republic

  Government type

Somalia

Despite the conflict and violence the country has seen, radio stations have grown in number since the state collapsed

• 167

  Press freedom ranking

• 7.9 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Federal Presidential Republic

  Government type

Egypt

Egypt features a media landscape which have witnessed many changes and challenges since the January 25 revolution in 2011.

• 161

  Press freedom ranking

• 49.5 %

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Switzerland

Over the last 30 years, regional press monopolies have been established in almost all regions...

• 89.4 %

  Internet penetration

Sweden

Sweden has traditionally been more of a newspaper than television country. Today, it is a very digital country...

• 92.9 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Constitutional monarchy

  Government type

Italy

Television is a major agenda setter within the Italian public sphere. The audiences are higher than those in many other countries...

• 86.7 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Colombia

Print media with national and regional circulation have traditionally been those of superior influence and credibility in the country.

• 130

  Press freedom ranking

• 63.2 %

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Latvia

Freedom of the press was observed in between 1918 and 1934 and since the Latvian independence drive (Atmoda) in the late 1980s...

• 85.6 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Lebanon

In recent years, the Lebanese media landscape has been facing one of its deepest crisis since the formal end of the civil war...

• 100

  Press freedom ranking

• 76.1 %

  Internet penetration

El Salvador

Television is the most important medium in the country. It is the most widespread and the one that receives the most from advertisers.

• 50.3%

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Finland

In Finland, the whole commercial media industry employs about 22,000 people and its turnover is €4.6bn...

• 92.5 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

Iran

Political parties exist in Iran But they do not play an effective role in the political arena, for this reason the media, particularly

• 164

  Press freedom ranking

• 70.0 %

  Internet penetration

Philippines

Television is the most used and trusted media in the Philippines. Around 81 percent of the population watch television.

• 134

  Press freedom ranking

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Nigeria

Once dominated by print, radio and television, the Nigerian media landscape is now experiencing a disruption by digital platforms

• 122

  Press freedom ranking

• 50.2 %

  Internet penetration

• Federal Presidential Republic

  Government type

Nicaragua

The number of daily copies printed is decreasing along with sales, which have dropped by more than half as of 2019.

• 114

  Press freedom ranking

• 30.6%

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Myanmar

In Myanmar, Facebook "is" the Internet. It enjoys supremacy over all other forms of social media

• 131

  Press freedom ranking

• 33.4 %

  Internet penetration

• Parliamentary Republic

  Government type

Indonesia

Radio is one of the most popular media in Indonesia and is broadcasted everywhere in the country

• 124

  Press freedom ranking

• 53.7 %

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Burundi

The Burundian media landscape is dominated by radio, even if in 2015 the most popular ones were destroyed.

• 159

  Press freedom ranking

• 5.3%

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

United Kingdom

Radio has remained very popular in the UK and audience numbers have not declined in the same way as other platforms.

• 94.8 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy

  Government type

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani media are influenced by the political processes in the country and separated in pro-government and pro-opposition media

• 168

  Press freedom ranking

• 79.0%

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Portugal

The written press has endured a deep crisis throughout the last years, with loss of readers and advertising...

• 72.4 %

  Internet penetration

Afghanistan

Mobile telephones were introduced in 2002. Today, 19 million people are using mobile phones out of a population of approximately 32 million.

• 118

  Press freedom ranking

• 15.7 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Presidential Islamic Republic

  Government type

Belgium

Belgium is a country with a highly complex political structure and is divided into three different language communities...

• 87.9 %

  Internet penetration

• Radio

  Most trusted medium

• Constitutional monarchy

  Government type

Mali

Since the liberalisation of airwaves in 1992, the number of private radios increased exponentially, confirming radio as the most popular med

• 112

  Press freedom ranking

• 63.4 %

  Internet penetration

• Semi-presidential Republic

  Government type

Sudan

The media landscape in Sudan reflects an extremely restrictive environment coupled with a lack of institutional support.

• 174

  Press freedom ranking

• 28.5 %

  Internet penetration

• Presidential Republic

  Government type

Serbia

Television is by far the most popular type of media in Serbia.Today, there are more than 200 TV stations

• 67.1 %

  Internet penetration

• Parliamentary Republic

  Government type