Riccardo Freda - Wikipedia
- ️Wed Feb 24 1909
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Riccardo Freda | |
|---|---|
 Riccardo Freda on the set of I Vampiri[1] | |
| Born | 24 February 1909 Alexandria, Egypt |
| Died | 20 December 1999 (aged 90) Rome, Italy |
| Spouse | Gianna Maria Canale |
Riccardo Freda (24 February 1909 – 20 December 1999) was an Italian film director. He worked in a variety of genres, including sword-and-sandal, horror, giallo and spy films.[2][3]
Freda began directing I Vampiri in 1956.[4] The film became the first Italian sound horror film production.
Riccardo Freda was born in 1909 in Alexandria, Egypt to Italian parents.[2][5] Freda attended school in Milan where he took art classes at the Centro Sperimantale.[2] After school he took on work as a sculptor and art critic.[2]
Freda first began working in the film industry in 1937 and directed his first film Don Cesare di Bazan in 1942.[2] Freda began directing I Vampiri.[6][7][8] I Vampiri was the first Italian horror film of the sound era, following the lone silent horror film Il mostro di Frankenstein (1920)[9][10] A wave of Italian horror productions did not follow until Mario Bava's film Black Sunday was released internationally.[9][11][12]
Freda died on 20 December 1999 in Rome.[3]
- ^ a Freda has denied having taken part in writing the script for this film, despite being credited.[19]
- ^ b Freda was originally to direct the film but stated that he walked off the set on the first day of shooting.[33]
- ^ c Freda name is not in the credits but some sources state he directed several battles scenes in the film, which Freda denies.[33]
- ^ d Freda name is not in the credits but some sources state he edited the naval battle scenes in the film, which Freda denies.[38][39]
- ^ e Freda has claimed to have shot the entire film.[38][39]
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 3.
- ^ a b c d e Erickson, Hal. "Riccardo Freda". AllMovie. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
- ^ a b Paul 2005, p. 276.
- ^ Jones, Alan (2013). I Vampiri (booklet). Arrow Films. p. 24. FCD756.
- ^ Paul 2005, p. 274.
- ^ Shipka 2011, p. 23.
- ^ Curti 2015, p. 23.
- ^ Curti 2015, p. 24.
- ^ a b Gallant, Chris (23 April 2015). "10 Great Italian Gothic Horror Films". British Film Institute. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ Curti 2015, p. 11.
- ^ Curti 2015, p. 3.
- ^ Curti 2015, p. 1.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 289.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 290.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 291.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 292.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 293.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 294.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 295.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 302.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 303.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 304.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 305.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 306.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 307.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 308.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 309.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 310.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 311.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 312.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 313.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 314.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 296.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 315.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 316.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 317.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 297.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 298.
- ^ a b c d Curti 2017, p. 299.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 318.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 319.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 320.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 321.
- ^ a b c Curti 2017, p. 322.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 323.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 324.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 325.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 326.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 327.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 328.
- ^ a b Curti 2017, p. 300.
- ^ Curti 2017, p. 301.
- Curti, Roberto (2015). Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1957–1969. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-1989-7.
- Curti, Roberto (2017). Riccardo Freda: The Life and Works of a Born Filmmaker. McFarland. ISBN 978-1476628387.
- Paul, Louis (2005). Italian Horror Film Directors. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-8749-3.
- Shipka, Danny (2011). Perverse Titillation: The Exploitation Cinema of Italy, Spain and France, 1960–1980. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4888-3.