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官僚 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

	official; government; organ of body	bureaucrat
simp. and trad. (官僚)	官	僚

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānliáo

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄌㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹ liu⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ-liâu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānliáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄌㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guanliáo
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-liao²
  - Yale: gwān-lyáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanliau
  - Palladius: гуаньляо (guanʹljao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun¹ liu⁴
  - Yale: gūn lìuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹ liu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun¹ liu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-liâu
  - Tâi-lô: kuann-liâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaliaau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³ liau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/

官僚

bureaucratic
官僚習氣／官僚习气 ― guānliáo xíqì ― red tape

官僚

(bureaucrat):

內臣 / 内臣 (nèichén) (historical)
公僕 / 公仆 (gōngpú)
公務員 / 公务员 (gōngwùyuán)
公職人員 / 公职人员 (gōngzhí rényuán)
君子 (jūnzǐ) (Classical Chinese)
官吏 (guānlì) (chiefly historical)
官員 / 官员 (guānyuán)
官宦 (guānhuàn) (chiefly historical)
宦官 (huànguān) (chiefly historical)
有司 (yǒusī) (archaic)
臣僚 (chénliáo) (historical, in a monarchy)

(bureaucracy): 官僚主義／官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì)

官僚主義 / 官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì)
官僚制 (guānliáozhì)
官僚化 (guānliáohuà)
技術官僚 / 技术官僚 (jìshù guānliáo)

Kanji in this term
官	僚
かん Grade: 4	りょう Grade: S
on'yomi

(Tokyo) かんりょー [kàńryóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kã̠n̺ɾʲo̞ː]

官(かん)僚(りょう) • (kanryō) ^{←くわんれう (kwanreu)^?}

官界(かんかい) (kankai)

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Hanja in this term
官	僚

官僚 • (gwallyo) (hangeul 관료)

hanja form^? of 관료 (“bureaucrat”)

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
官	僚

官僚

chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucracy”).

官僚

chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucratic”).