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-mu - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Etymology unclear. Originally dialectal, revitalised by Estonian terminologist and lexicographer Johannes Voldemar Veski. Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-ma + Proto-Finnic *-o. Compare Finnish -mo.

-mu (genitive -mu, partitive -mut)

  1. Forms nouns indicating a place.
    ‎valama (“to pour”) + ‎-mu → ‎valamu (“sink, basin”)
    ‎vara (“asset”) + ‎-mu → ‎varamu (“collection of assets with a high value”)
    ‎püha (“sacred, holy, saint”) + ‎-mu → ‎pühamu (“sanctuary”)
    ‎era- (“private”) + ‎-mu → ‎eramu (“private house”)
Declension of -mu (ÕS type 1/ohutu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -mu -mud
accusative nom.
gen. -mu
genitive -mute
partitive -mut -muid
illative -musse -mutesse
-muisse
inessive -mus -mutes
-muis
elative -must -mutest
-muist
allative -mule -mutele
-muile
adessive -mul -mutel
-muil
ablative -mult -mutelt
-muilt
translative -muks -muteks
-muiks
terminative -muni -muteni
essive -muna -mutena
abessive -muta -muteta
comitative -muga -mutega

From Malay -mu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu.

-mu

  1. (casual or informal, usually singular) Second person oblique enclitic pronoun.
    1. As a possessive adjective.
      temanmu ― your friend
    2. As a direct or indirect object
      mereka sedang mencarimu ― they're looking for you
      ayah akan memberimu uang ― Father will give you money
    3. As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'.
      hadiah ini untukmu ― this gift is for you

As with other clitic pronouns in the language, this clitic is optional.

Indonesian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person exclusive regular aku,
saya1 		kami
enclitic -ku -
proclitic ku- -
1st person inclusive - kita
2nd person regular kamu,
Anda2,
kau3 		kalian,
Anda2,
Anda sekalian2
enclitic -mu -
3rd person regular dia,
beliau4,
ia3 		mereka
enclitic -nya -
reflexive diri
emphatic sendiri

1 Polite.
2 Formal.
3 Now mostly literary.
4 Respectful.

Notes:

  • This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language.
  • The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
  • The enclitics are only used obliquely (object or possessor), while the proclitic is only used as a subject.

See each entry for more information.

-mu

  1. Rōmaji transcription of む

-mu

  1. second person singular genitive enclitic

-mu

  1. second person singular subject enclitic
  2. second person singular possessive enclitic

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu.

-mu (Jawi spelling ـمو)

  1. your.
    Aku telah memulangkan penselmu. ― I've returned your pencil.
  2. you. (object)
    Aku rela berada bersamamu. ― I'd rather be with you.

-mu

  1. (Marks comitative case of nouns), with, alongside, in the company of

    • 1921, María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington, Chochenyo Field Notes‎[1]:

      Hippiš wattinekne nuhhu i-šuyakmamu

      He only went there with his relatives
  1. (Marks personal locative in pronouns, takes place of -tak which is only used for nouns), with, alongside, toward (someone)

    • 1921, María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington, Chochenyo Field Notes‎[2]:

      hajji nommo kaanamu

      come here with me

-mu

  1. cislocative, translocative.
    apay (“to carry”) → apamuy (“to bring; to take”)
    tiyay (“to sit”) → tiyamuy (“to come sit; to go sit”)

From Proto-Oceanic *-mu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mu, from Proto-Austronesian *-amu.

-mu

  1. A second-person plural possessive suffix.
  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365