past tense - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Examples |
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I saw the #5 bus across the street. I didn't make it. |
past tense (plural past tenses)
- (grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time).
2004, Tomoko Koneko, “The Use of Past Tense Forms by Japanese Learners of English”, in Junsaku Nakamura, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata, editors, English Corpora under Japanese Eyes, Rodopi, page 215:
This is a report on a study of the use of the past tense forms in the 53 Japanese samples compiled for the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) project.
2009, Eric W. Vogt, Practice Makes Perfect: Spanish Past-Tense Verbs Up Close, McGraw Hill, page v:
As you have studied Spanish, you have probably had the feeling that there are just too many past tenses.
2012, Robert I. Binnick, The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb, BRILL, page 1:
Some members of the [Mongolic language] family have three or more different affixes which seem to be markers of the past tense, so that in Khalkha, for example, irev, irjee, irlee, and irsen all can translate, and be translated by, the English past tense verb came.
grammatical form
- Afrikaans: verlede tyd (af)
- Albanian: kohë e shkuar f, koha e shkuar f (definite)
- Arabic: مَاضٍ (ar) m (māḍin) (indefinite), الْمَاضِي m (al-māḍī) (definite), فِعْل مَاضٍ m (fiʕl māḍin), الْفِعْل الْمَاضِي m (al-fiʕl al-māḍī) (definite)
- Armenian: անցյալ ժամանակ (hy) (ancʻyal žamanak), անցյալ (hy) (ancʻyal)
- Azerbaijani: keçmiş zaman
- Bashkir: үткән заман (ütkən zaman)
- Basque: lehenaldi
- Belarusian: міну́лы час m (minúly čas)
- Bengali: অতীত কাল (otit kal)
- Breton: amzer-dremenet (br) f
- Bulgarian: ми́нало вре́ме n (mínalo vréme)
- Buryat: үнгэрһэн саг (üngerhen sag)
- Carpathian Rusyn: минулый час m (mynulŷj čas)
- Catalan: passat (ca) m, pretèrit m
- Chinese:
- Chuvash: иртнӗ вӑхӑт (irtnĕ văh̬ăt)
- Crimean Tatar: keçken zaman
- Czech: minulý čas m
- Danish: datid (da) c, præteritum (da) n
- Dutch: verleden tijd (nl) m
- Estonian: minevik
- Faroese: tátíð f
- Finnish: imperfekti (fi), kertoma (fi)
- French: passé (fr) m
- Georgian: ნამყო (namq̇o)
- German: Vergangenheit (de) f, Präteritum (de) n (preterite)
- Greek: αόριστος (el) m (aóristos)
- Gujarati: ભૂતકાળ (bhūtkāḷ)
- Hindi: भूतकाल (hi) m (bhūtkāl), भूत काल m (bhūt kāl), माज़ी m (māzī)
- Hungarian: múlt idő (hu)
- Icelandic: þátíð (is) f
- Indonesian: kala lampau
- Italian: passato (it) m
- Japanese: 過去時制 (かこじせい, kako jisei), 過去形 (ja) (かこけい, kakokei)
- Kalmyk: өңгрсн цаг (öñgrsn tsag)
- Kazakh: өткен шақ (ötken şaq)
- Khmer: អតីតកាល (ʼaʼtəytaʼkaal)
- Korean: 과거시제(過去時制) (ko) (gwageosije), 과거형(過去形) (ko) (gwageohyeong)
- Kumyk: гетген заман (getgen zaman)
- Kyrgyz: өткөн чак (ötkön cak)
- Latin: tempus praeteritum n, praeteritum n
- Latvian: pagātnes laiks m, pagātne (lv) f
- Lithuanian: būtasis laikas (lt) m
- Macedonian: минато време n (minato vreme)
- Malay: masa lampau (ms)
- Malayalam: ഭൂതകാലം (ml) (bhūtakālaṁ)
- Maori: wāmua
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: өнгөрсөн цаг (öngörsön cag)
- Navajo: tʼáá íídą́ą́ʼ
- Nogai: озган заман (ozgan zaman)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: preteritum n, datid m or f
- Nynorsk: preteritum n, datid f
- Old English: forþġewiten tīd f
- Persian:
- Iranian Persian: ماضی (fa) (mâzi), گُذَشْتِه (gozašte), زَمانِ گُذَشْتِه (zamân-e gozašte)
- Polish: czas przeszły (pl) m
- Portuguese: pretérito (pt) m, passado (pt) m
- Romanian: timp trecut n
- Russian: проше́дшее вре́мя (ru) n (prošédšeje vrémja)
- Scottish Gaelic: tràth caithte m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: прошло време n, прошло вријеме n
- Roman: prošlo vreme n, prošlo vrijeme n
- Shor: эрткен тем (ertken tem)
- Slovak: minulý čas m, préteritum n
- Slovene: preteklik m , pretekli čas m
- Southern Altai: ӧткӧн ӧй (ötkön öy)
- Spanish: tiempo pasado m, pretérito (es)
- Swedish: preteritum (sv) n, dåtid (sv) c, förfluten tid c, imperfekt (sv) n
- Tagalog: pangnagdaan, naganap
- Tajik: замони гузашта (zamon-i guzašta), гузашта (tg) (guzašta), мози (moz-i) (dated)
- Tatar: үткән заман (ütkän zaman)
- Telugu: భూతకాలము (te) (bhūtakālamu)
- Thai: อดีตกาล (th) (à-dìit-dtà-gaan)
- Tibetan: འདས་པ ('das pa)
- Turkish: geçmiş zaman (tr)
- Turkmen: öten zaman
- Tuvan: эрткен үе (ertken üe)
- Udmurt: ортчем дыр (ortćem dyr)
- Ukrainian: мину́лий час (uk) m (mynúlyj čas)
- Urdu: ماضی m (māzī), زَمانَۂ ماضی m (zamāna-yi māzī)
- Uyghur: ئۆتكەن زامان (ötken zaman)
- Uzbek: oʻtgan zamon
- Vietnamese: thời quá khứ, thì quá khứ
- Walloon: passé (wa) m
- Welsh: amser gorffennol m
- West Frisian: doetiid (fy) c
- Yakut: ааспыт кэм (aaspıt kem)