Kovno Stories Links

ksl-#3:

Order #1" as printed in the Lithuanian Activist Front newspaper I
Laisve [To freedom], July 28, 1941. Credit: Lithuanian Central State
Archives, Vilnius
[translation]
Order No. 1
1. The Jewish population is not allowed to walk on the sidewalk. Jews
are to walk single file on the right side of the street.
2. The Jewish population is not allowed walk on the promenades and are
not allowed in any public parks. Likewise, the Jewish population is
not allowed to sit on public benches.
3. The Jewish population is not allowed to use any public
transportation such as taxis, coaches, buses, boats, and similar
vehicles of transportation. The proprietors and owners of all public
vehicles of transportation must post a visible notice on the vehicle
stating: "Jews Not Permitted."
4. Any violations of these orders will be severely punished.
5. These orders are to be enforced as of today. SA-Colonel Hans
Cramer, City Commissioner

ksl-#10: Girls in the ghetto sewing workshop. Credit:Kadish/JK
Inside the Ghetto -- Labor to read about it go to;
http://www.ushmm.org/kovno/labor/photo.htm

ksl-#12:

Kovno ghetto Jews during the Estonian Deportations, October 1943. Credit: George Kadish, Florida

ksl-#13:

The ruins of Kovno Ghetto.Credit: George Kadish, photographer

ksl-#14:

George Kadish, lorida Esther Lurie, Deportation to a Labor Camp
pen and ink, 1943.Credit: Esther Lurie, Israel

ksl-#15:

Kovno ghetto in flames.Credit: George Kadish, photographer; Beth Hatefutsoth, Israel

ksl-#16:

Final muster of the Jewish Police before they were taken to Fort IX.Credit: George kadish, photographer, Beth Hatefutsoth, Israel
In an effort to obtain information about the ghetto's underground and about the locations of hidden bunkers, the Gestapo arrested and tortured some 130 Jewish policemen at Fort IX. 36 men are killed after refusing to cooperate, including Police Chief Moshe Levin and his assistants, Joshua Greenberg and Yehuda Zupowitz.
For the rest go to;
http://www.ushmm.org/kovno/real/final.htm

ksl-#17:

Mass Murder Einsatzgruppe member kills a Jewish woman and her child near Ivangorod, Ukraine. 1942. Credit: Jerzy Tomaszewski, Poland
Mobile killing units (Einsatzgruppen) followed the German army during its invasion of the Baltics and the western Soviet Union, first killing Jewish men, Soviet political commissars, and others considered racially or politically dispensable. Months after the invasion, Mobile killing units turned to the execution of women and children. Open air killings continued in areas of eastern Europe during 1942 and by the spring of 1943, Einstagruppen units A-D had killed over million persons. ....
For the rest go to;
http://www.ushmm.org/kovno/mass/photo.htm

ksl-#18:

The story ( in Hebrew) of Aharon Barak, Ph.D. who escaped from the
Kovno ghetto and lived with a non Jewish family. He is the president
of the Superior court in Israel;
http://www1.yadvashem.org/heb_site/heb_about_yad/whats_new/barak.html

ksl-#20:The story of Uri and Dani Chanoch ( in Hebrew)

Link

ksl-#21:Kovno Ghetto DiaryWritten by: Dmitri Gelpernus

Published in Moscow, 1948

ksl-#22:

Story of Yerachmiel Siniuk and Yitzchak Fein who were saved by the Urbanas Family

ksl-#23:

TOBIJAS JAFETAS AND CLASSMATES (PICTURE BELOW TAKEN IN 1939)
http://www.centropa.org/photo/tobijas-jafetas-and-classmates
This is the 4th grade of the Jewish elementary school where I studied. I am in the center, 2nd row, my friend Zandel is beside me. The 2nd on the left in the 2nd row is Tanur, Soloveichik is beside her, unfortunately, I don't remember their first names. I don't remember any other names. The photo was taken in Kaunas in 1939. 
I went to the preparatory class at the gymnasium where my brother Azriel also studied. Jews constituted about 30% of the total population of Kaunas, and there were several Jewish schools there: a Yiddish Jewish school, the technical Jewish gymnasium, the humanitarian gymnasium and a religious school. In my gymnasium the subjects were taught in Hebrew. Soon I started talking to my parents and my brother in Hebrew. I had Jewish friends. One of them, Zandel, was my classmate and so were the girls Tanur and Soloveichik. These were their last names; unfortunately, I don't remember their first names. Regretfully, our communication didn't last long. Zandel and Tanur perished during the occupation, and Soloveichik and her family were deported to Siberia. I don't know what happened to her. I also played with other children of different nationalities, and we got along very well. 
There were many Jewish organizations in Kaunas. I liked performances of the Jewish theater where we went with my class. I liked music and liked listening to the records my father played on the record player. I started learning to play the piano, when I was about five years old. We had a piano delivered from Germany. I didn't like playing it but preferred playing with my friends and Lev. I played table tennis for some time. There were Jewish organizations in Lithuania and in Kaunas. I didn't like Betar members, who I thought were too aggressive. Maccabi and Hashomer Hatzair were closer to me. There was another organization in Kaunas, which collected money to purchase land in Palestine, and for the construction of kibbutz communities and establishment of the Jewish state. There was a nice money box, where Mama and Papa always dropped change, in our living room. Every week a representative of this organization visited us. We opened the 'cannon' and he collected the money. 
Tobijas Jafetas
YEAR OF BIRTH: 1930
CITY OF BIRTH: Kaunas
COUNTRY NAME AT TIME OF BIRTH: Lithuania
OCCUPATION

AFTER WW II: Teacher of physics, mathematics

ksl-#24:

Levitan Story (Hebrew)