Table 4 Additional protection and related costs.
From: Economic motivation for raising coastal flood defenses in Europe
Costs (million €) | Protection height increase (m) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sustainability | Fossil fuel based development | Sustainability | Fossil fuel based development | |
Belgium (BE) | 32.89 | 31.97 | 3.43 | 2.85 |
Bulgaria (BG) | 1.13 | 2.44 | 0.59 | 0.70 |
Cyprus (CY) | 8.30 | 12.57 | 0.80 | 0.97 |
Germany (DE) | 125.51 | 229.64 | 1.42 | 1.44 |
Denmark (DK) | 90.20 | 224.06 | 0.88 | 1.00 |
Estonia (EE) | 0.77 | 1.50 | 0.97 | 1.42 |
Spain (ES) | 93.12 | 148.73 | 0.61 | 0.82 |
Finland (FI) | 6.18 | 42.99 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
France (FR) | 269.72 | 385.01 | 0.93 | 1.12 |
Greece (GR) | 46.20 | 64.96 | 0.65 | 0.78 |
Croatia (HR) | 8.86 | 14.37 | 0.50 | 0.64 |
Ireland (IE) | 75.48 | 135.29 | 0.90 | 1.02 |
Italy (IT) | 180.28 | 260.92 | 0.72 | 0.92 |
Lithuania (LT) | 1.65 | 2.52 | 0.99 | 1.23 |
Latvia (LV) | 0.32 | 0.92 | 0.83 | 1.35 |
Malta (MT) | 0.16 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.39 |
The Netherlands (NL) | 64.67 | 56.35 | 1.53 | 1.30 |
Norway (NO) | 125.71 | 296.18 | 0.63 | 0.78 |
Poland (PL) | 37.72 | 49.67 | 1.57 | 1.66 |
Portugal (PT) | 26.22 | 37.03 | 0.95 | 1.04 |
Romania (RO) | 0.76 | 6.12 | 0.62 | 0.87 |
Sweden (SE) | 27.37 | 91.55 | 0.67 | 0.89 |
Slovenia (SI) | 8.68 | 9.33 | 2.12 | 2.32 |
United Kingdom (UK) | 522.65 | 719.15 | 1.47 | 1.50 |
Total | 1754.55 | 2823.76 | 0.92 | 1.04 |
- Annual mean costs of raising the dykes per country after discounting (million €), and corresponding mean, country-level increase in dyke height (m), under sustainability with RCP4.5 and fossil fuel based development with RCP8.5.