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Effect of hourly concentration of particulate matter on peak expiratory flow in hospitalized children: a panel study - PubMed

  • ️Sat Jan 01 2011

Effect of hourly concentration of particulate matter on peak expiratory flow in hospitalized children: a panel study

Shin Yamazaki et al. Environ Health. 2011.

Abstract

Background: Little information is available on the possible association between hourly short-term air pollution and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in asthmatic children.

Methods: PEF was measured twice daily, from October through December, 2000, in 17 children aged 8 to 15 years hospitalized with severe asthma. A total of 1198 PEF measurements were made at 7 a.m. and 1175 at 7 p.m. Measurements were conducted immediately prior to medication under the guidance of trained nurses. PEF changes were estimated in 10-μg/m3 increments of particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), with adjustment for sex, age, height, and temperature. Lagged-hour exposures of up to 24 hours were examined.

Results: Increased 24-hour mean concentration of PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in both morning and evening PEF (-3.0 l/minute; 95%CI: -4.6, -1.4 and -4.4 l/minute; 95%CI: -7.1, -1.7, respectively). In addition, hourly concentrations of PM2.5 and PEF showed a significant association between some lags of PM2.5 and PEF. Effect size was almost -3 l/minute in both morning and evening PEF for an hourly PM2.5 concentration of 10 μg/m3 in several lags. Even after adjustment for other air pollutants, some of the significant associations with PEF remained.

Conclusion: Among hospitalized children with severe asthma, increased hourly concentration of PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in PEF.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Hourly concentration of air pollutants and hourly temperature from October 1, 2000 through December 24, 2000. A: PM2.5 B: NOx C: Ox D: Temperature

Figure 2
Figure 2

Association between PEF measured in the morning at 7 a.m. and hourly concentration of PM2.5. Lagged-hour exposures of up to 24 hours were examined. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals in PEF per 10 μg/m3 increases in PM2.5 were estimated. A: Single-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, and temperature. B: 2-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, photochemical oxidants, and temperature. C: 3-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, nitrogen dioxide, photochemical oxidants, and temperature.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Association between PEF measured in the evening at 7 p.m. and hourly concentration of PM2.5. Lagged-hour exposures of up to 24 hours were examined. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals in PEF for 10 μg/m3 increases in PM2.5 were estimated. A: Single-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, and temperature. B: 2-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, photochemical oxidants, and temperature. C: 3-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, nitrogen dioxide, photochemical oxidants, and temperature.

Figure 4
Figure 4

Association between PEF and hourly concentration of other pollutants (NO2 and Ox) using single-pollutant model. Lagged-hour exposures of up to 24 hours were examined. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals in PEF for 10 ppb increases in NO2/Ox were estimated using single pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, and temperature. A: Association between PEF measured in the morning at 7 a.m. and hourly concentration of NO2. B: Association between PEF measured in the evening at 7 p.m. and hourly concentration of NO2. C: Association between PEF measured in the morning at 7 a.m. and hourly concentration of Ox. D: Association between PEF measured in the evening at 7 p.m. and hourly concentration of Ox

Figure 5
Figure 5

Association between PEF and hourly concentration of other pollutants (NO2 and Ox) using 3-pollutant model. Lagged-hour exposures of up to 24 hours were examined. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals in PEF for 10 ppb increases in NO2/Ox were estimated using 3-pollutant model adjusted for age, sex, height, day of the week, temporal trends, and temperature. A: Association between PEF measured in the morning at 7 a.m. and hourly concentration of NO2. B: Association between PEF measured in the evening at 7 p.m. and hourly concentration of NO2. C: Association between PEF measured in the morning at 7 a.m. and hourly concentration of Ox. D: Association between PEF measured in the evening at 7 p.m. and hourly concentration of Ox

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