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Micronesia

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Micronesia

Map of Micronesia	Hear National Anthem "Patriots of Micronesia" (or "Across All Micronesia") Adopted 10 Dec 1991	Former National Anthem "Preamble" (1979-10 Dec 1991)	Constitution (10 May 1979)
Capital: Palikir (Kolonia 1907-4 Nov 1989; Ponape 1899-1907; Colonia Santiago de la Ascensión 1887-1899)	Currency: US Dollar (USD); 1914-1944 Japanese Yen (JPY)	National Holiday: 10 May (1979) Constitution Day	Population: 99,603 (2024) 56,561 (1945)
GDP: $437.9 million (2023)	Exports: $179 million (2021) Imports: $126 million (2021)	Ethnic groups: Chuukese/Mortlockese 49.3%, Pohnpeian 29.8%, Kosraean 6.3%, Yapese 5.7%, Yap outer islanders 5.1%, Polynesian 1.6%, Asian 1.4%, other 0.8% (2010)
Total Police/Maritime Force: 500 (2012) Defense is the Responsibility of the U.S. Merchant marine: 38 ships (2023)	Religions: Roman Catholic 54.7%, Protestant 41.1% (includes Congregational 38.5%, Baptist 1.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 0.8%, Assembly of God 0.7%), Church of Jesus Christ 1.5%, other 1.9%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2010)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, ADB, AOSIS, APA (observer), CTBT, CWC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NPT, OPCW, PC, PIDF, PIF, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO, WHO, WMO

Micronesia Index	Chronology 1 Oct 1525 Sighted by Portuguese Capt. Diogo da Rocha and the named Islas Sequeira, for his navigator Gomes de Sequeira. 22 Aug 1526 Caroline Islands discovered by the Spanish explorers Toribio Alonso de Salazar (d. 1526) and Diego de Saavedra, sighting the Isla de San Bartolomé (Bokak/Taongi Atoll). 1 Jan 1528 Uluti Islands discovered and claimed for Spain by Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón (d. 1529). 1686 Re-claimed for Spain by Capt. Francisco Lazcano and named Islas Las Carolinas (Caroline Islands), after King Carlos II of Spain (subordinated to the Philippines), no settlement. 1869 German trading company J.C. Godeffroy und Sohn establishes a trading station on Yap. 25 Aug 1874 Germans claim Yap by flag raising, but later lower their flag. 26 Aug 1874 Spain reasserts its claims to the islands at Yap, does not begin settlement. 1880 German trading firm the Hernsheim Company establishes trading stations on Yap and Ponape. Feb 1885 Spanish ship Velasco reasserts Spain's sovereignty. 21 Aug 1885 Spanish arrive in Yap. 25 Aug 1885 German captain Max Plüddemann (b. 1846 - d. 1910) aboard the Albatros annexes Yap, Chuuk (on 30 Sep 1885) and Ponape (on 13 Oct 1885) for Germany. Spain protests Germany's annexation. 22 Oct 1885 Spanish possession is confirmed by the arbitration of Pope Leo XIII (signed 12 Dec 1885 in Rome). 12 Feb 1899 Spain agrees sells the islands to Germany (confirmed 30 Jun 1899 Treaty, takes possession 18 Jul 1899). 18 Jul 1899 Part of German New Guinea (see Papua New Guinea). In the Inselgebiet (Islands territory) general supervision over the districts is entrusted to the Heads of the district (Bezirksamtmänner) of Ponape, and after 1907 the district of Jap (Yap) for the West Carolines, Marianas, and Palau Islands. (Karolinen- und Palau-Inseln). 29 Sep - 21 Oct 1914 Japanese occupation (Ponape occupied 7 Oct 1914 and Truk on 12 Oct 1914)(see under Marshall Islands; from 28 Dec 1914 see under Palau). Sep/Oct 1914 - 1 Apr 1922 Japanese military (naval) administration, from Jul 1918, with civil administration department subordinate under the navy. In Dec 1914, the Truk district (Caroline Islands between 148 E & 154 E), Ponape district (Caroline Islands east of 154 E, Marshall Islands west of 164 E incl. Eniwetok and Ujelang Atolls), and from Apr 1915, Yap district (Caroline islands between 137 E & 148 E)(the Caroline Islands west of 137 E are part of the Palau district) are created. 14 Dec 1914 Japan promulgates ordinances for the South Seas Temporary Defense Corps. 28 Dec 1914 Japanese Expeditionary Squadron replaced by the Provisional Naval Garrison. 1 Jul 1918 Civil Administration Department established in each district (under Naval Garrison Commander). 28 Jun 1919 Germany formally renounces claim to the islands by the Treaty of Versailles. 17 Dec 1920 Part of League of Nations mandate (South Seas Islands [Nan'yō Chō Guntō])(see under Palau). 11 Feb 1922 "Japan-U.S. Treaty signed about the Delegated Governing Islands of the Yap Island and other equatorial northern Pacific Islands. 1 Apr 1922 South Seas Government (Nan'yō Chō)(see Palau) created. 26 Mar 1935 Japan declares that the mandated islands are an "integral part of the Japanese Empire" as it exits the League of Nations. 8 Dec 1941 Martial law instituted by Japan. 5 Nov 1943 Re-organization, the Truk and Ponape districts become the Eastern Area (headquarters in Truk), and Yap part of the Western Area (headquarters in Palau). 20 Sep 1944 U.S. occupation begins (Ulithi Atoll and Yap from 5 Sep 1945). 14 Aug 1945 Japanese mandate revoked by Potsdam agreement; recognized 28 Apr 1952 by Treaty of San Francisco) 2 Sep 1945 - 30 Jun 1951 U.S. Naval military administration. 18 Jul 1947 Part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI)(Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, & Palau [TTPI is divided into districts: Marshalls, Ponape [incl. Kosrae], Truk, Yap, Palau, the Mariana Islands [and 10 Mar 1955 - 1 Jul 1962, Rota]). 1 Jul 1951 - 10 May 1979 Administered by the U.S. Department of Interior. 10 May 1979 Autonomy (Federated States of Micronesia) (formerly the Ponape, Truk, and Yap districts). 3 Nov 1986 Compact of Free Association with the U.S. effective, exists the Trust Territory. 10 Jul 1987 Trust territory dissolved. 22 Dec 1990 Final independence (Security Council ratifies termination of trusteeship).
Micronesia
Districts and States (from 1947)
Traditional states
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1947-1991)

Micronesia

Political-Military Governor of the Caroline Islands and the Palaus
(Gobernador Político Militar de las islas Carolinas y las Palaos)
1885 Enrique Capriles y Osuna           (b. 1850 - d. ....)
Political and Military Governors
- for western Caroline islands and Palau (Yap [and from 1907 Saipan])-
1886 - 1887                Manuel de Elisa y Vergara
1887 - 1888 (6 months)     Mariano Torres de Navarra          (b. 1845 - d. 1889)
(1st time)
1888 - 1889                José Montes de Oca y Aceñero       (b. 1844 - d. 1897)
(1st time)
1889 - 1890                Mariano Torres de Navarra    (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1890 - 1892                José Montes de Oca y Aceñero (s.a.)
(2nd time)
16 Jun 1892 - 23 Feb 1894 Manuel Antón e Iboléon             (b. 1850 - d. 1908)
23 Feb 1894 - 1895         José Montes de Oca y Aceñero       (s.a.)
(3rd time)
13 Nov 1895 - Jan 1897     Jacobo Marina Vega                 (b. 1847 - d. 19..)
1897 - 2 Nov 1899 Salvador Rafael Cortés y Samit     (b. 1848 - d. 1928)
Nov 1899 - 1906 Arno Senfft (1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 1909)
Apr 1906 - 1907          Georg Fritz (1st time)(acting) (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
1907 - Feb 1909 Arno Senfft (2nd time) (s.a.)
1909 Rudolf Karlowa    (b. 1844 - d. 1913)
1909 - 1910 Georg Fritz (2nd time) (s.a.)
1910 - 1911   Hermann Kersting                   (b. 1863 - d. 1937)
1911 - 1914                Baumert
- for eastern Caroline islands (Ponape [and from 1911 Marshall Islands])-
1 Mar 1886 - Jul? 1886    Isidro Posadillo y Posadillo       (b. 1840 - d. 1887) (1st time)
26 Jul 1886 - 6 Aug 1886 Luis Bayo y Hernández Pinzón    (b. 1846 - d. 1906)
1886 - 1887              Enrique Capriles y Osuna     (s.a.)
13 Mar 1887 - 3 Jul 1887 Isidro Posadillo y Posadillo       (s.a.)
   (2nd time)
29 Oct 1887 - Jan 1891     Luis Cadarso y Rey                 (b. 1831 - d. 1898)
19 Feb 1891 - Feb 1892    Julio Merás y Urio
28 Feb 1892 - 28 Apr 1892 José Padriñan (or Padman)
28 Apr 1892 - May 1893 Bienvenido Flandes (acting)
19 May 1893 - Aug 1894     Fernando Claudin
Aug 1894 - Aug 1896        José Pidal y Rebollo (b. 1849 - d. 1920)
23 Aug 1896 - 2 Jan 1897 Francisco Jiménez y Villavicencio (b. 1847 - d. 19..)
Jan 1897 - 1897 Michael Velasco
bf.Nov 1897 - May 1899 José Fernández de Córdoba
31 May 1899 - 2 Oct 1899 Ricardo de Castro y Candara (acting)
2 Oct 1899 - 1901    Albert Hahl                        (b. 1868 - d. 1945)
1 Sep 1901 - 30 Apr 1907 Victor Berg                        (b. 1861 - d. 1907)
1907 August Ueberhorst (1st time)(acting)
1907 - 1909                Georg Fritz (s.a.)
Oct 1909 - 18 Oct 1910     Gustav Boeder                      (b. c.1862 - d. 1910)
18 Oct 1910 - Feb 1911     Max Girschner (acting)   (b. 1861 - d. 1927)
1911 - 7 Oct 1914         August Ueberhorst (2nd time)
Bezirksamtmänner Ponape (from 1907, Bezirk der Ostkarolinen)
(and to 1907, Vice-governors of German New Guinea)
Jul 1899 - 1901    Albert Hahl                        (s.a.)
1902 - 30 Apr 1907    Victor Berg    (s.a.)
1907 - 1908     Wilhelm Stuckhardt (b. 18.. - d. 1909)
1908 - 1909 Georg Fritz (s.a.)
1909 - 1911    Gustav Boeder                      (s.a.)
1911 - 1914    Hermann Kersting (s.a.)
Stationsleiter Stationsbezirk Truk (in Toloas, Moen)
(subordinate to Ponape)
1909 - 1911                Max Scharlauch
1911 - 1913                Gentner
1913 - 1914                Otto Paulisch
Bezirksamtmänner Jap (Yap)(from 1907, Bezirk der Westkarolinen)
(and from 1907, Vice-governors of German New Guinea)
1899 - 1909        Arno Senfft    (s.a.)
1909 Rudolf Karlowa                     (s.a.)
1909 - 1910 Georg Fritz (s.a.)
1910 - 1911                Hermann Kersting (s.a.)
1911 - 1914    Baumert
Governors
18 Jul 1899 - 7 Oct 1914 the Governors of German New Guinea
7 Oct 1914 - 1 Apr 1922 the Commanders of Interim Southern
                           Islands Defense Unit (see Palau)
1 Apr 1922 - 2 Sep 1945 the Directors of the South
                           Seas Government (see Palau)
Chiefs of the Truk (Torakku) Branch Bureau of the South Seas Government
1 Apr 1922 - 30 May 1922 Teijiro Kamata
30 May 1922 - 12 Dec 1924 Takayuki Shimakura
(acting to 20 Nov 1922)
12 Dec 1925 - 1929         Tadano Awa
1929 - Jan 1932            Kōsaka Takasaka (1st time)
Jan 1932 - 7 Aug 1937     Yūzaburō Yamaguchi
7 Aug 1937 - 2 Apr 1938 Shigezō Yamamoto
2 Apr 1938 - 22 Apr 1941 Shigechika Yorimitsu
22 Apr 1941 - 5 Nov 1943 Kōsaka Takasaka (2nd time)
Chiefs of the Ponape (Ponape) Branch Bureau of the South Seas Government
1 Apr 1922 - 25 Mar 1924 Motomichi Kōgawa
25 Mar 1924 - 11 Dec 1924 Teijirō Kamata
12 Dec 1924 - 17 Jul 1929 Hira Fukushima
17 Jul 1929 - 10 May 1933 Tadano Awa
10 May 1933 - 16 Dec 1933 Jun'ichirō Noda
28 Dec 1933 - 14 Jan 1935 Shigeru Tanaka (1st time)
14 Jan 1935 - 16 Jan 1936 Yasaburō Fushida
16 Jan 1936 - 2 Apr 1938 Shigeru Tanaka (2nd time)
2 Apr 1938 - 12 Sep 1940 Kichizō Hayama
12 Sep 1940 - 5 Nov 1943 Kaneto Tsukahara
Chiefs of the Yap (Yappu) Branch Bureau of the South Seas Government
1 Apr 1922 - 30 May 1922 Yoshiyoshi Fujisaki
30 May 1922 - 25 Mar 1924 Teijirō Kamata
25 Mar 1924 - 23 Apr 1924 Motomichi Mitsukawa
23 Apr 1924 - 11 Dec 1924 Sawada Kuwaji
12 Dec 1924 - 17 Jul 1929 Shigeru Tateyama
17 Jul 1929 - Jul 1932 Shūichi Nakahashi
Jul 1932 - 1934? Yūmatsu Takagi
1934 Hideo Matsu (acting)
(administrative officer)
Jul 1934 - Jan 1936        Yoshimi Mizuno
Jan 1936 - 4 Aug 1937     Yoshizō Hayama
4 Aug 1937 - 29 Jun 1943 Kiyoichi Kobayashi
29 Jun 1943 - 5 Nov 1943 Nao Fujimaki
Chief, Eastern Area Branch, South Seas Government (in Truk)
5 Nov 1943 - 2 Sep 1945 Aritaka Aihara    (b. 1889 - d. 1950)
(nominally to 28 Ma 1946)
Japanese Commanders-in-chief of the 4th Fleet (in Truk)
15 Nov 1939 - 15 Nov 1940 Eikichi Katagiri (b. 1885 - d. 1972)
15 Nov 1940 - 11 Aug 1941 Shirō Takasu                       (b. 1884 - d. 1944)
11 Aug 1941 - 26 Oct 1942 Shigeyoshi Inoue    (b. 1889 - d. 1975)
26 Oct 1942 - 1 Apr 1943 Baron Tomoshige Samejima (b. 1889 - d. 1966)
11 Apr 1943 - 19 Feb 1944 Masami Kobayashi                   (b. 1890 - d. 1977)
19 Feb 1944 - 2 Sep 1945 Chūichi Hara    (b. 1889 - d. 1964)
Commanders-in-chief U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas,
Military Governors of the Caroline Islands
2 Sep 1945 - 24 Nov 1945 Chester William Nimitz             (b. 1885 - d. 1966)
24 Nov 1945 - 3 Feb 1946 Raymond Ames Spruance            (b. 1886 - d. 1969)
3 Feb 1946 - 28 Feb 1947 John Henry Towers                  (b. 1885 - d. 1955)
28 Feb 1947 - 1 Jul 1947 Louis Emil Denfeld                 (b. 1891 - d. 1972)
Military Administrators
2 Sep 1945 - 18 Jul 1947 the Commanders of U.S. Naval Forces
   Mariana Islands (see Northern Marianas)
Governors, Western Caroline Islands
Sep 1947 - 30 Jun 1951     the Civil Administrators Palaus
Governors, Eastern Caroline Islands
Sep 1947 - Dec 1947        Harold D. Huxley   (b. 1905 - d. 19..)
Dec 1947 - Mar 1948    Loren Hall Kiser (acting)     (b. 1918 - d. 2009)
Mar 1948 - Mar 1949      Edward Robert Nelson, Jr.      (b. 1910 - d. ....)
Jun 1949 - Sep 1950        Robert Davis Law (1st time)     (b. 1917 - d. 1982)
Dec 1950 - Mar 1951    Roland Walker Kenney    (b. 1904 - d. 1995)
Mar 1951 - Jun 1951        ....
Jun 1951 - 30 Jun 1951     Robert Davis Law (2nd time) (s.a.)
Presidents
11 May 1979 - 11 May 1987 Tosiwo Nakayama                    (b. 1931 - d. 2007) Non-party
11 May 1987 - 11 May 1991 John Richard Haglelgam             (b. 1949 - d. 2024) Non-party
11 May 1991 - 8 May 1997 Bailey Olter                       (b. 1932 - d. 1999) Non-party
8 Nov 1996 - 11 May 1999 Jacob Nena                         (b. 1941 - d. 2022) Non-party
(acting for incapacitated Olter to 8 May 1997)
11 May 1999 - 11 May 2003 Leo Amy Falcam                     (b. 1935 - d. 2018) Non-party
11 May 2003 - 11 May 2007 Joseph John Urusemal               (b. 1952)            Non-party
11 May 2007 - 11 May 2015 Emmanuel "Manny" Mori              (b. 1948)            Non-party
11 May 2015 - 11 May 2019 Peter Martin Christian             (b. 1947)            Non-party
11 May 2019 - 11 May 2023 David W. Panuelo                   (b. 1964)            Non-party
11 May 2023 -              Wesley W. Simina                   (b. 1961)            Non-party

No Formal Political Parties Exist

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

Map of Trust Territory of Pacific	Hear National Anthem "The Star Spangled Banner" (1947-1991)	Unofficial Local Anthem "'Tis here we are Pledging" (1965-1979)	1947 Trusteeship Agreement
Capital: Saipan (Agana, Guam Sep 1954 - 1 Jul 1962, temporary; Honolulu, U.S. 1947-1954)	Currency: US Dollar (USD)	National Holidays: 12 Jul (1965) Micronesia Day --------------------------------- 24 Oct (1945) United Nations Day (from 1968)	Population: 132,929 (1980) 75,836 (1960)
GNP: $40 million (1971)	Exports: $10.3 million (1977) Imports: $39.7 million (1977)	Ethnic groups: Trukese 26%, Marshallese 26%, Ponapean 16%, Palauan 10%, Kosrean 5%, Yapese 5%, Mortlockese 5%, other 7% (1975; excluding Northern Mariana Islands)
Total Police Force: 318 (1965) Defense was the Responsibility of the U.S. U.S. Military Forces: 1,041 (1946) Merchant marine: 9 ships (1965)	Religions: Protestant 49%, Roman Catholic 45%, other/none 6% (1973)
International Organizations/Treaties: ITU, UPU

18 Jul 1947                Part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI)
(composed of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia [Caroline Islands],
   Northern Mariana Islands [minus Guam], and Palau [the TTPI is
divided into six districts: Marshall Islands, Ponape [incl.
Kosrae], Truk, Yap, Palau, and Mariana Islands [and briefly
   Rota district 10 Mar 1955 - 1 Jul 1962]).
9 Jan 1978                Northern Mariana Islands achieves Commonwealth status.
1 May 1979 Republic of the Marshall Islands formed from the Marshall Islands
district.
10 May 1979                Federated States of Micronesia formed from the districts
of Ponape, Truk, and Yap.
1 Jan 1981              Republic of Palau is formed from the Palau district.
3 Nov 1986                U.S. Presidential Proclamation 5564 (of 3 Nov 1986) declared that
   the Trusteeship Agreement for the Pacific Islands is no longer in
   effect as of 21 Oct 1986 with respect to the Republic of the
Marshall Islands, as of 3 Nov 1986 with respect to the Federated
   States of Micronesia, as of 3 Nov 1986 with respect to the
Northern Mariana Islands.
10 Jul 1987 High Commissioner retires TTPI, as Palau administration moves to
   Office of Territorial and International Affairs of the U.S.
   Department of Interior.
22 Dec 1990      United Nations formally ends trusteeship for Chuuk (Truk), Yap,
   Kosrae, Pohnpei (Ponape), Mariana Islands, and the Marshall
Islands districts.
25 May 1994    United Nations formally ends trusteeship for Palau.

Military Governors of the Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands

(from 19 Jun 1944, also commanders-in-chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet [CINCPACFLT])
14 Feb 1944 - 19 Jun 1944 John Henry Hoover (b. 1887 - d. 1970) Mil
(commander, Central Pacific Forward Area)
19 Jun 1944 - 24 Nov 1945 Chester William Nimitz             (b. 1885 - d. 1966) Mil
24 Nov 1945 - 3 Feb 1946 Raymond Ames Spruance              (b. 1885 - d. 1969) Mil
3 Feb 1946 - 28 Feb 1947 John Howard Towers                 (b. 1885 - d. 1955) Mil
28 Feb 1947 - 18 Jul 1947 Louis Emil Denfeld                 (b. 1891 - d. 1972) Mil
High Commissioners of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
18 Jul 1947 - 3 Dec 1947 Louis Emil Denfeld                 (s.a.)               Mil
12 Jan 1948 - 30 Apr 1949 DeWitt Clinton Ramsey              (b. 1888 - d. 1961) Mil
1 May 1949 - 7 Jan 1951 Arthur William Radford             (b. 1896 - d. 1973) Mil
8 Jan 1951 - 11 Feb 1953 Elbert Duncan Thomas               (b. 1883 - d. 1953) Dem
13 Mar 1953 - 1 Sep 1954 Frank Elbert Midkiff               (b. 1887 - d. 1983) Rep
1 Sep 1954 - 1 May 1961 Delmas Henry Nucker                (b. 1907 - d. 1985) Rep
(acting to 26 Nov 1956)
1 May 1961 - 27 May 1966 Maurice Wilfred Goding             (b. 1911 - d. 1989) Dem
27 May 1966 - 28 Feb 1969 William Robert Norwood             (b. 1909 - d. 1981) Dem
(acting to 1 Aug 1966)
28 Feb 1969 - 28 Mar 1969 Martin Patrick Mangan (acting)     (b. 1920 - d. 2000)
28 Mar 1969 - 1 May 1969 Joseph F. Screen (acting)
(commissioner for administration)
1 May 1969 - 1 Jul 1976 Edward Elliott Johnston            (b. 1918 - d. 2011) Rep
1 Jul 1976 - 23 Feb 1977 Peter Tali Coleman (acting)        (b. 1919 - d. 1997) Rep
(deputy High Commissioner)
23 Feb 1977 - 9 Jul 1977 James Boyd Mackenzie (acting)      (b. 1918 - d. 1978)
(special assistant/District Affairs)
9 Jul 1977 - 30 Apr 1981 Adrian Paul Winkel                 (b. 1915 - d. 1994) Dem
1 May 1981 - 7 Dec 1981 Daniel Joseph High (acting)        (b. 1938)
7 Dec 1981 - 10 Jul 1987 Janet Jenkins McCoy (f)            (b. 1916 - d. 1995) Rep
Director, Office of Transition of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
3 Nov 1986 - 30 Sep 1991 Charles "Chuck" D. Jordan

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (U.S. Democratic Party, liberal, center-left, est.1829); Rep = Republican Party (U.S. Republican Party, conservative, center-right, est.1854); Mil = Military