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Ghil'ad Zuckermann | Flinders University of South Australia - Academia.edu

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️Tue Sep 23 2008

Books by Ghil'ad Zuckermann

Wardlada Mardinidhi ('Bush Healing'): Barngarla Plant Medicines, 2023

Mangiri Yarda ('Healthy Country'): Barngarla Wellbeing and Nature,, 2021

Mangiri Yarda ('Healthy Country'): Barngarla Wellbeing and Nature, 2021

Barngarlidhi Manoo ('Speaking Barngarla Together'), 2019

Barngarlidhi Manoo ('Speaking Barngarla Together'): Barngarla Alphabet & Picture Book, 2019

多源造词研究 (A Study of Multisourced Neologization), 2021

多源造词研究 (A Study of Multisourced Neologization). East China Normal University Press, 2021, ISBN 97... more 多源造词研究 (A Study of Multisourced Neologization). East China Normal University Press, 2021, ISBN 9787567598935, https://shop502733.m.youzan.com/wscgoods/detail/3ep8pxijft9xx

ENGAGING: A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property , 2015

Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2015. ENGAGING: A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Abo... more Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2015. ENGAGING: A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property

Jewish Language Contact, edited by Ghil'ad Zuckermann (2014), 2014

""JEWISH LANGUAGE CONTACT, edited by Ghil'ad Zuckermann (2013), Special Issue of the Internationa... more ""JEWISH LANGUAGE CONTACT, edited by Ghil'ad Zuckermann (2013), Special Issue of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL)

INTRODUCTION

"Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior."
(Weinreich, Labov and Herzog 1968: 188)

Jewish Language Contact constitutes an invited guest issue of the leading International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL, Mouton de Gruyter). IJSL General Editor, Professor Joshua A. Fishman, is also the author of one of the articles of this special issue.

The groundbreaking articles presented here focus on various aspects of contact involving Jewish languages. Jewish Language Contact explores the impact of non-Jewish languages on Jewish languages, Jewish influence on non-Jewish languages, the dynamics between Jewish languages, as well as between more than two languages at least one of which one may consider Jewish.

Furthermore, the collection touches upon how Jewish language contact in particular has contributed – or may contribute – to the field of contact linguistics in general. The articles also contribute towards forging a new path related to the question of what a ‘Jewish language’ is. Some articles, e.g. Alexander Beider’s revolutionary piece ‘Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?’, challenge specific glottonyms, in this case the unity of Yiddish. After all, 2,500 years ago, Confucius was already suggesting 必也正名乎 Bi Ye Zheng Ming Hu ‘the first thing one has to do is to rectify names’.

The special IJSL issue is not restricted to any particular linguistic framework or discipline and is inter alia aimed at functioning as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses pertaining inter alia to the study of Jewish linguistics. Research motifs include multiple causation, cross-fertilization, hybrid and mixed languages, Revivalistics (Revival Linguistics), endangered Jewish languages; sociolinguistics ; language, culture and identity; historical linguistics, contact linguistics, lexical expansion, grammatical and lexical borrowing, lexicology, Israeli tongue, society, religion and nationalism; language planning, lexical engineering, purism, bilingualism, multilingualism, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, semantics, phonetics and phonology.

Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Judeo-French, Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew.

The issue is dedicated with love to Gianluca Gadi Yuèyáng Zuckermann, an exquisite Jewrasian hybrid, born in Adelaide, Australia, on 20 May 2012.

The University of Adelaide
(Also: Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Institute for Advanced Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Shanghai International Studies University)
Correspondence address: ghilad.zuckermann@adelaide.edu.au

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Articles

Article 1
Lessons from Judezmo about the Balkan Sprachbund and Contact Linguistics
Victor A. Friedman and Brian D. Joseph

Article 2
The Problem of Judeo-French: Between Language and Cultural Dynamics
Marc Kiwitt

Article 3
Let my People Know!: Towards a Revolution in the Teaching of the Hebrew Bible
Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and Gitit Holzman

Article 4
Nathan Birnbaum and The Tasks of Eastern European Jews
Joshua A. Fishman

Yiddish Linguistics

Article 5
Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?
Alexander Beider

Article 6
Slavic Influence in Eastern Yiddish Syntax: The Case of vos Relative Clauses
Jürg Fleischer

Article 7
Veiling Knowledge: Hebrew Sources in the Yiddish Sermons of Ultra-Orthodox Women
Dalit Assouline

Article 8
Home language usage and the impact of Modern Hebrew on Israeli Hasidic Yiddish nouns and noun plurals
Netta Abugov and Dorit Ravid

Article 9
Bare Participle Forms in the Speech of Lithuanian Yiddish Heritage Speakers: Multiple Causation
Anna Verschik

Article 10
A pragmatic and idiomatic Yiddish substrate of Modern Hebrew: Insights from translations of Sholem Aleichem's Tevye
Tamar Sovran

Reviews

Review 1
Review of Freidenreich, Fradle Pomerantz 2010, Passionate Pioneers: The Story of Yiddish Secular Education in North America, 1910 - 1960. NJ: Holmes and Meir.
Itzik Gottesman

Review 2
Review of Bai, Gang 2009, Semitische Lehnwörter im Altgriechischen [Semitic Loanwords in Ancient Greek]. Hamburg: Dr Kovač.
Gábor Takács

--------------------

Call for Papers

'Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior.' (Weinreich, Labov & Herzog 1968: 188)

I am editing a refereed book entitled Jewish Language Contact, which will constitute an invited guest issue of the leading International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL, Mouton de Gruyter). IJSL General Editor, Professor Joshua A. Fishman, will also be the author of one of the articles proposed to the special Issue.

You are hereby invited to submit original, groundbreaking, scholarly and accessible papers on any aspect of contact involving Jewish languages. For example, you can explore the impact of non-Jewish languages on Jewish languages (e.g. Slavonic tongues on Yiddish; Arabic on Israeli / Modern Hebrew), Jewish influence on non-Jewish languages (e.g. Yiddish on English; Israeli / Modern Hebrew on Palestinian Arabic). Further possible areas would include the dynamics between Jewish languages (e.g. Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish versus Israeli / Modern Hebrew), as well as between more than two languages at least one of which you consider Jewish (e.g. the combined phonological or lexical impact of Yiddish and Arabic on Israeli / Modern Hebrew).

Furthermore, you can examine how Jewish language contact in particular has contributed – or may contribute – to the field of contact linguistics in general. Papers seeking to forge a new path related to the question of what a ‘Jewish language’ actually is, or challenge specific glottonyms, are obviously most welcome too. After all, 2,500 years ago, Confucius was already suggesting that ‘the first thing one has to do is to rectify names’.

This refereed special IJSL issue is not restricted to any particular linguistic framework or discipline and is inter alia aimed at functioning as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses pertaining to the study of Jewish linguistics. Possible research areas or keywords include reclamation, maintenance and empowerment of endangered Jewish languages; multiple causation, hybrid and mixed languages, Congruence Principle, linguistic revival and survival; sociolinguistics, language, culture and identity; historical linguistics, contact linguistics, lexical expansion, grammatical and lexical borrowing, lexicology, English as the world's language; Israeli tongue, society, religion and nationalism; Zionism and the Middle East, language planning, lexical engineering, purism, language academies, Academy of the Hebrew Language, applied linguistics, second language acquisition, lexicography, bilingualism, multilingualism, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, scholarly versus popular etymology (etymythology), the power of the word in Islam, Christianity and Judaism, Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, semantics, phonetics, phonology, pidgins and creoles, slang, colloquial speech, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Uriel Weinreich, Noam Chomsky [tshomski], William (Zev) Chomsky [khomski], the native speaker, relexification, phono-semantic matching, calquing, loan translation, portmanteau blending, linguistic camouflage, writing systems, phonetic transcription, language and reality, language and terrorism, Jewish humour, and ludic language.

Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew, Jewish Aramaic, Jewish English, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-French, Judeo-Persian, Juhuru, Judeo-Portuguese, Judeo-Greek, Jewish Malayalam, Jewish Russian, Judeo-Provençal and Esperanto.

Style and reference format can follow Zuckermann (2009), accessible at: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf

DEADLINES:

ABSTRACT: 1 October 2010 - Please email gz@uq.edu.au a message whose Subject is IJSL Abstract and which includes a 1 to 3 page scholarly and accessible abstract as a WORD document entitled IJSL_Abstract_YOURSURNAME.doc.

FULL PAPER (if abstract accepted): 1 April 2011 - Please email gz@uq.edu.au a message whose Subject is IJSL Paper and which includes an anonymized WORD document, written in perfect English and entitled IJSL_Paper_YOURSURNAME.doc. Please include a two-paragraph abstract on the first page of the paper. Specific style guidelines are spelled out on the Mouton website: http://www.degruyter.de/files/down/mouton_journal_stylesheet.pdf

Yours respectfully,

Ghil'ad"""

טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו Tingo (The Israeli Adapatation of The Meaning of Tingo) (2011), 2011

"טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו TINGO Keywords: Lexicology, Language and ... more "טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו

TINGO

Keywords: Lexicology, Language and Culture, Second Language Learning, Linguistic Relativity, Relativism, Universals, Everything is Relative, Etymythology, Folk Etymology, Fake Etymology, Popular Etymology, Yiddish, Hebrew, Israeli, Hungarian, Polish, Japanese, Balinese, Chile.

Author: Adam Jacot de Boinod
(Translator: Guy Sharett גיא שרת)
Author of Additional Three Chapers (on Yiddish, Israeli Slang and Etymythology (Popular Etymology)): Ghil'ad Zuckermann גלעד צוקרמן
Publisher: Keren Publishing House, Tel Aviv

טינגו
ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו

מאת
אדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ

(תרגום: גיא שרת)

בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמן

השפה היא בבואה של תרבות, וטינגו הוא ספר מטורף ומצחיק שממחיש את הטענה הזאת באופן מופתי. הוא מתבסס על החוכמה הקולקטיבית של יותר מ-280 שפות, מסודר לפי נושאים ומאפשר להתרשם מתפיסות תרבותיות שונות לגבי מזון, גוף האדם, סקס, ובעצם מה לא.

נָחוּר, למשל, היא מילה פרסית (רוב דוברי הפרסית ודאי אינם מכירים אותה) שמשמעותה נאקה שלא תיתן חלב עד שלא ידגדגו את נחיריה. אָרֵאוֹגָ'רֶקפּוּט, מילה בשפת אינוּאיט, פירושה להחליף נשים לכמה ימים בלבד. מילים רבות מתארות דברים שלא ייאמנו: מתי ולמה, למשל, יוגדר גבר כמָרילוֹפּוֹטֶס – לוגם-אפר ביוונית עתיקה? והאם באמת השתמש אי-פעם סמוראי יפני בפועל צוּג'י-גירי, שמשמעו לבדוק חרב חדשה על עובר-אורח?

אפשר למצוא בספר לא רק מילים וביטויים שאין להם תרגום מדויק בשפות אחרות, אלא גם, במיוחד למהדורה העברית, מילים שנשמעות אותו הדבר בעברית ובשפות שונות, ומביעות דברים שונים לגמרי. וכמעט שכחנו: משמעות המילה טִינְגוֹ בשפת איי הפסחא היא לשאול מחבר חפצים בזה אחר זה, עד שלא נשאר לו שום דבר בבית.

"ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."
סטיבן פריי

אדם ז'אקו דה בואנו החל להתעניין בשפות זרות כשעבד כתחקירן בתכנית הטלוויזיה QI בבי-בי-סי. עד מהרה הוא הגיע לרמה של ווֹקָבּוּלְיוּ (רוסית: תשוקה למילים בשפה זרה). בזמן שנבר ב-280 מילונים, ב-140 אתרי אינטרנט ובספרים רבים העוסקים בשפות, הוא פיתח ללא ספק סָמְלֵרמָני (דנית: שגעון אספנות), נעשה כמעט לגמרי פיסֵליךְ (גרמנית: מבולבל עד כדי כך שאינו מסוגל לתפקד), וברגע האחרון ממש ניצל מקָרוֹשי (יפנית: מוות מעודף עבודה). כעת הוא מתכונן לנְגְלָיָפּ (אינדונזית: לנדוד הרחק מהבית ללא מטרה)."

"טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו Tingo (The Israeli Adapatation of Adam Jacot de Boinod's The Meaning of Tingo)Tel Aviv: Keren, 2011.Ghil'ad Zuckermann: Contributor of three chapters.Guy Sharett: Translator.PUBLISHEDטינגוועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו מאתאדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ(תרגום: גיא שרת)בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמןהשפה היא בבואה של תרבות, וטינגו הוא ספר מטורף ומצחיק שממחיש את הטענה הזאת באופן מופתי. הוא מתבסס על החוכמה הקולקטיבית של יותר מ-280 שפות, מסודר לפי נושאים ומאפשר להתרשם מתפיסות תרבותיות שונות לגבי מזון, גוף האדם, סקס, ובעצם מה לא. נָחוּר, למשל, היא מילה פרסית (רוב דוברי הפרסית ודאי אינם מכירים אותה) שמשמעותה נאקה שלא תיתן חלב עד שלא ידגדגו את נחיריה. אָרֵאוֹגָ'רֶקפּוּט, מילה בשפת אינוּאיט, פירושה להחליף נשים לכמה ימים בלבד. מילים רבות מתארות דברים שלא ייאמנו: מתי ולמה, למשל, יוגדר גבר כמָרילוֹפּוֹטֶס – לוגם-אפר ביוונית עתיקה? והאם באמת השתמש אי-פעם סמוראי יפני בפועל צוּג'י-גירי, שמשמעו לבדוק חרב חדשה על עובר-אורח?אפשר למצוא בספר לא רק מילים וביטויים שאין להם תרגום מדויק בשפות אחרות, אלא גם, במיוחד למהדורה העברית, מילים שנשמעות אותו הדבר בעברית ובשפות שונות, ומביעות דברים שונים לגמרי. וכמעט שכחנו: משמעות המילה טִינְגוֹ בשפת איי הפסחא היא לשאול מחבר חפצים בזה אחר זה, עד שלא נשאר לו שום דבר בבית."ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."סטיבן פריי אדם ז'אקו דה בואנו החל להתעניין בשפות זרות כשעבד כתחקירן בתכנית הטלוויזיה QI בבי-בי-סי. עד מהרה הוא הגיע לרמה של ווֹקָבּוּלְיוּ (רוסית: תשוקה למילים בשפה זרה). בזמן שנבר ב-280 מילונים, ב-140 אתרי אינטרנט ובספרים רבים העוסקים בשפות, הוא פיתח ללא ספק סָמְלֵרמָני (דנית: שגעון אספנות), נעשה כמעט לגמרי פיסֵליךְ (גרמנית: מבולבל עד כדי כך שאינו מסוגל לתפקד), וברגע האחרון ממש ניצל מקָרוֹשי (יפנית: מוות מעודף עבודה). כעת הוא מתכונן לנְגְלָיָפּ (אינדונזית: לנדוד הרחק מהבית ללא מטרה)."

Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond, 2020

Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond. Oxfor... more Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2020, ISBN 9780199812790 (pbk), ISBN 9780199812776 (hbk), https://global.oup.com/academic/product/revivalistics-9780199812790 (Special 30% Discount Promo Code: AAFLYG6)

הוצאת עם עובד ‏2008 972 ישראלית שפה יפה Israelit Safa Yafa Israeli, a Beautiful Language ... more הוצאת עם עובד ‏2008

972

ישראלית שפה יפה
Israelit Safa Yafa
Israeli, a Beautiful Language

גלעד צוקרמן
(Ghil‘ad Zuckermann)

*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 31.12.08 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 7.1.09 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 14.1.09 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 21.1.09 ***

תקציר הספר

האם אתגר קרת וש"י עגנון כותבים באותה שפה? האם הלשון המדוברת בישראל היא אמנם העברית של כתבי הקודש מקדמת דנא, או שמדובר בשפה אחרת, עם דנ"א שונה? האם ניתן להחיות לשון מתה קלינית שלא דיברו בה כשפת אם כ-1750 שנה? או שמא החייאה תמיד תכלול הפרייה הדדית עם שפות האם של המחיים? תמיד אמרו לנו "עברית שפה יפה" ודרשו מאיתנו "עברי, דבר עברית!" אבל באיזו שפה הישראלים מדברים בעצם?

ישראלים נוטים לחשוב שהם דוברים את לשונו של ישעיהו הנביא (עם טעויות). הם מאמינים ששפתם היא עברית לתקופותיה (תנ"כית\משנאית...) שהוחייתה בסוף המאה ה-19 ובראשית המאה ה-20. כדי לשמור על ה"טוהר" שלה, הם נוטים לתקן "טעויות" ללא הרף: "אל תאמר 'עשר שקל', אמור 'עשרה שקלים'!", "אל תגידי 'יש לי את הספר', הגידי 'יש לי הספר'!" וכו'. ואולם השאלה היא מדוע הישראלים לכאורה "טועים" כל הזמן בשפתם שלהם?

בספרו החדשני מציג פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן תשובה מקורית ומפתיעה: השם המתאים לשפה שאנו מדברים היום אינו "עברית" אלא "ישראלית". ולא מדובר כאן כלל וכלל בשינוי סמנטי בלבד. טהרני השפה מנסים לכפות דקדוק עברי על שפה חדשה בעלת הגיון פנימי משל עצמה. "החייאת השפה העברית" רווייה מיתוסים שהם תולדה של אידאולוגיית "שלילת הגולה", התכחשות להיברידיות היהודית, ולאומיות התרה אחר עתיקוּת יומין. השפה שאנו מדברים היום אינה העברית השמית הישנה אלא שפת-כִּלְאיים שמית-אירופית בת 120 שנה. איזו מן שפה זאת הישראלית? הספר ישראלית שפה יפה מגולל את סיפורה.

הספר מנתח בפשטות ובאלגנטיות את יחסי הגומלין בין הישראלית, העברית, היידיש ושפות אחרות. שילוב ההשפעות השמיות והאירופאיות ניכר כבר בדקדוק ובאוצר המילים של התורמות העיקריות לשפה הישראלית. בעוד היידיש עוצבה על-ידי העברית והארמית, לשונות הודו-אירופאיות (כמו יוונית) מילאו תפקיד חשוב בעברית. לאופייה של הישראלית כשפת-כִּלְאיים אירו-אסיאתית השלכות חשובות ביותר לגבי גבולות היכולת להחיות שפה, גנטיקה וטיפולוגיה בלשנית, סוציו-לינגוויסטיקה ובלשנות-מגע.

זהו ספר מלא הומור ואהבה לשפה ולדובריה, מסע מרתק בעקבות הלשון הישראלית. בעודו מעמיד למבחן את ההנחות המוכרות לנו, חושף הספר אמת אחרת, שבכוחה לשנות את האופן שבו אנחנו תופסים את השפה שלנו בפרט ואת התרבות הישראלית בכלל.

על מחבר הספר

פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן, D.Phil. (אוקספורד), Ph.D. (titular) (קיימברידג'), M.A. בהצטיינות יתרה (תל אביב), נולד בתל אביב ב-1971, היה יושב ראש סניף נוער לנוער (BBYO) באילת (1987-1986), למד במכללת העולם המאוחד באיטליה (1989-1987) (United World College of the Adriatic), שירת בצה"ל ב-1993-1989 ולמד בתוכנית הבין תחומית לתלמידים מצטיינים ע"ש עדי לאוטמן באוניברסיטת תל אביב (1997-1993). כיום הוא פרופסור חבר באוניברסיטת קווינסלנד, ברית' בין (הבת'רים) (בריסביין) ובעל מענק יוקרתי מטעם מועצת המחקר של ממשלת אוסטרליה. הוא היה פרופסור אורח באנגליה, בסינגפור, בסלובקיה, בארה"ב ובישראל ובעל משרות-מחקר בכירות בקיימברידג' (אנגליה), במלבורן (אוסטרליה), בבלאג'ו (איטליה), באוסטין (טקסס) ובטוקיו (יפן). בין פירסומיו הרבים – למשל באנגלית, בישראלית, באיטלקית, ביידיש, בספרדית, בגרמנית, ברוסית ובסינית – כלול הספר Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003). הוא שולט ביותר מ-10 שפות. אתר האינטרנט של פרופ' צוקרמן הוא http://www.zuckermann.org/ .

קצרים

"משובב נפש" (ירון לונדון, לונדון את קירשנבאום, ערוץ 10)

"ספר חובה לכל ישראלי" (פרופ' שלמה זנד, השקת הספר בתולעת ספרים, תל אביב, 11.1.09)

"בבסיס דבריו של צוקרמן יש הרבה יותר משמץ של אמת... הספר הזה צריך להתקבל ולהביא לשינוי מסוים בגישות השמרניות המקובלות, החינוכית והמדעית...הספר כתוב בלשון פשוטה ובהירה, מכוונת לכלל המתעניינים בשפה...והוא רווי בהומור רב" (אהרן פורת, מקור ראשון, 9.1.09)

"גלעד צוקרמן כתב ספר שנון, מרתק ומשעשע...ההדגמה בספר החדשני הזה היא באמצעות הדקדוק" (מנחם פרי, Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)

"'ישראלית שפה יפה' מראה בצורה משכנעת באיזו מידה העברית הישראלית שונה מהעברית המקראית - ובדרך מספק אוצר של אנקדוטות לשעות ארוכות של שיחות סלון" (טל לינזן, TIME OUT תל אביב, 22.1.09)

"הבלשן גלעד צוקרמן טוען – ומדגים – מדוע אין הישראלים מדברים עברית...אלא שפה חדשה, שהוא מכנה 'ישראלית'...הסקירה המקיפה שלו את השינויים בשפה – בהגייה, בהטעמה, בסיומות, בהשאלות משפות זרות – היא לא פחות ממרתקת ו...כתובה באופן קריא להפתיע" (פאר פרידמן, מעריב/תרבות , 26.12.08)

"פרופ' צוקרמן הוא חוקר מבריק. עוד כשלמד בתוכנית למצטיינים באוניברסיטת תל אביב ידעתי שהוא יגיע רחוק" (פרופ' מאיה פרוכטמן, השקת הספר בספריה העירונית ע"ש לזר, רעננה, 19.1.09)

"מאיר בצורה משכנעת (ומשעשעת למדי) את מקורותיה הרבגוניים של שפת הדיבור הנהוגה היום בארצנו" (ישראל ברטל, ידיעות אחרונות, 9.1.09)

"מעניין ואנרגטי... אני יכול לקבל את התזה של צוקרמן, ולעשות בה שימוש מעשי שיעזור לי להסתגל להבדלים המצפוניים בשפה שאני דובר. מבחינתי טוב שתהיה הבחנה בסיסית בין עברית לישראלית. אולי זה מה שיגשר על הפער האידאולוגי בין השפה שלי לשפה הממסדית" (ניסן שור, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)

"מרתק, מרענן, מרחיב דעת, משעשע, משועשע...ליברלי, רדיקלי" (פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)

"פרובוקטיבי" (חנוך מרמרי, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)

"ניכר כי פרופ' צוקרמן אוהב שפות ואוהב לשחק עם שפות" (פרופ' תמר כתריאל, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)

מצאו את ההבדלים
מבולבלים? גם אנחנו!

"הספר הזה קורא לדיון מעמיק." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"'עשר שקל' הוא קשקוש בתחת." (יוסי שריד, הארץ, 28.12.08)

"צוקרמן הוא איש מבריק וידען, והוא מעלה תופעות חשובות." (רוביק רוזנטל, הזירה הלשונית, NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)
VERSUS
"הפרופסור ארך השיער והקופצני הזה" "בא לכבדנו בביקור מולדת" (בני ציפר, Online הארץ , 19.12.08)

"מה שהדהים אותי בתגובות לספר הוא אפס המידע שאנשים נזקקים לו כדי לא להסכים אתו, ועוד בנחרצות." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"הגיע הזמן, באמת, שמלומדים ישובו אל מגדל השן שממנו באו." (בני ציפר, Online הארץ , 19.12.08)

"היידיש היא תשוקתו של הבלשן הצעיר והמבריק גלעד צוקרמן...המלאי הגדול של דוגמאות שהוא מביא, ממיין ונותן להם שמות...ראוי בהחלט להקשבה וללימוד" (יצחק לאור, הארץ, 9.1.09)
VERSUS
"משכנע, נחמד, מזיק", "ספר מעניין אך מרגיז" (חגי חיטרון, הארץ, 24.12.08)

השקות ספר

(1)
יום ה', 8 בינואר 2009, 630 בערב
הספרייה העירונית, אילת
מנחה: עטרה ישראלי
בין המשתתפים: בנימינה בלום, מירלה הראל, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן

(2)
יום א', 11 בינואר 2009, 7 בערב
תולעת ספרים, ליד כיכר רבין, תל אביב
מנחה: ניר ברעם
בין המשתתפים: עמוס גיתאי, פרופ' שלמה זנד, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
(אילן גונן)
סופרנו: מעין גולדנפלד
בין הנוכחים: פרופ' דורון לנצט, ד"ר אורן הרמן, ד"ר חנה הרציג

(3)
יום ב', 19 בינואר 2009, 8 בערב
הספריה העירונית ע"ש לזר, בית יד לבנים, רח' אחוזה 147, רעננה
מנחה: ד"ר צביה ולדן
בין המשתתפים: פרופ' מאיה פרוכטמן, ד"ר חנה הרציג, ליאור לקס, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
דיג'רידו: אייל עמית
פסנתר: דני הלפרין
מארגנת: מרים פרינץ

(4)
יום ד', 21 בינואר 2009, 8 בערב
קרון הספרים, רח' המגדל 2, טבעון
מנחה: ד"ר חגי רוגני
בין המשתתפים: רוביק רוזנטל, ד"ר רינה בן-שחר, ד"ר משה יצחקי, ד"ר חגי רוגני, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
שירה: תמי אשכנזי

(5)
יום ג', 27 בינואר 2009, 630 בערב
בית הילל, האוניברסיטה העברית, הר הצופים, ירושלים
מנחה: אדיק קפצן
בין המשתתפים: דוד בן-נחום, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
בין הנוכחים הפעילים: פרופ' אשר לאופר

(6)
יום ד', 28 בינואר 2009, 7 בערב
סינמטק חיפה, שד' הנשיא 142, חיפה
מנחה: ד"ר רינה בן-שחר
בין המשתתפים: פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, פרופ' תמר כתריאל, ד"ר ארז כהן, דוד בן-נחום, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
חלילים: אליהו גמליאל
מארגנים: ניסים בן-ג'ויה, סמי מיכאל, רחל יונה-מיכאל

(7)
יום א', 1 בפברואר 2009, 830 בערב
בית מיכל, רח' הגר"א 10, רחובות
ברכות: ראש עיריית רחובות
הרצאה מעמיקה של פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
בין הנוכחים: רם אורן, פרופ' תמר פלש, נועם אורדן
מארגנת: דפנה מנור

השקות ספר באוסטרליה

(8)
יום ה', 2 באפריל 2009, 6 בערב
בריסביין
American Book Store, 197 Elizabeth St (opposite Hilton), CBD

(9)
יום ב', 8 ביוני 2009, 430 אחה"ץ
סידני
אוניברסיטת ניו סאות' ויילס
מנחה: ניצה לואנסטין לווינשטיין לוונסטין

(10)
יום א', 12 ביולי 2009, 8 בערב
מלבורן
"דברים בעלמא"
Alma Club, 1 Wilks St, Caulfield North
מנחה: רות (רותי) גילמור
בין הדוברים: ד"ר אורי תדמור, ד"ר דביר אברמוביץ', ד"ר ברוריה ברגמן, חגי ארמן, יהודה קפלן, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
מארגנת: עינת בניטו, המרכז הישראלי

לקט עיתונות

http://www.zuckermann.org/israelit.html

ביידיש: http://yiddish.forward.com/node/1753

באנגלית: http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3333948,00.html

בישראלית

* פרופ' צוקרמן והתעויוט \ אילת נגב (שבעה ימים, ידיעות אחרונות, 12.12.08)

* מי גאון של אמא? \ מירב לוי דיאמנט (ערב ערב, 10.1.08)
http://www.ereverev.co.il/article.asp?id=5445

* ישראלית שפה יפה \ גלעד צוקרמן (הו!, NRG מעריב)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/5/ART/945/896.html

* עברית בשתי שקל \ עמרי הרצוג (הארץ, 30.9.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1024807.html

* הישראלית של גלעד צוקרמן \ רוביק רוזנטל (NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)

* אף אחד לא מדבר עברית (מאמר תגובה למאמר הביקורת של רוביק רוזנטל) \ גלעד צוקרמן (NRG מעריב, 25.12.08)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/47/ART1/830/671.html

* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | שמע ישראל או שמע ישראלית \ נועם אורדן (הארץ , 24.12.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1049299.html

* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | משכנע, נחמד, מזיק \ חגי חיטרון (הארץ , 24.12.08)

* בני ציפר נגד הוולקנו - פרובוקציה מיותרת \ בני ציפר (Online הארץ , 19.12.08)

* קוף לקוף יביע אומר \ יוסי שריד Politician Yossi Sarid (הארץ 28.12.08)

* אחד משלנו \ מלי פישמן (העיר, 8.1.09)
http://eilati.co.il/article_3381.asp

* היידיש היא תשוקתו; בחרו להם כתב אשורי ולשון עברי \ יצחק לאור (הארץ, 9.1.09)

* הישראלית מזמן כבר פה \ מנחם פרי (Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)

*ישראלי, דבר ישראלית! \ גלעד צוקרמן (הארץ ספרים, 28.4.09)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1081451.html

* ידיעות אחרונות 7.1.10 http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4984092&id=883185494&fbid=103027800494#/photo.php?pid=11833767&id=883185494

BOOK SUMMARY

Fascinating and multifaceted, Israeli (Zuckermann 1999, a.k.a. ‘Modern Hebrew’), the language which emerged in Eretz Israel at the end of the nineteenth century, possesse...

Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, 2003

Israeli Hebrew is a spoken language, 'reinvented' over the course of the twentieth century. It ha... more Israeli Hebrew is a spoken language, 'reinvented' over the course of the twentieth century. It has responded to the social demands of the newly emerging state, as well as to escalating globalization, with a vigorously developing lexicon, enriched by multiple foreign language contacts. In this detailed and rigorous study, the author provides a principled classification of neologisms, their semantic fields and the roles of source languages, along with a sociolinguistic study of purists' and ordinary native speakers' attitudes towards lexical enrichment.

His analysis of the tension between linguistic creativity and the preservation of a distinct language identity takes the discussion beyond the case of Israeli, through innovative comparisons with Revolutionized Turkish, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Yiddish, Estonian, Swahili, pidgins and creoles, and other languages.

At the beginning of the third millennium, our world is characterized by worldwide communication and the vast distribution of technological and 'talknological' devices. The mobility of the word respects no borders and the extent of that mobility may not be paralleled even in future (less heterogeneous) generations. The study of the modes and dynamics of language contact could hardly be more timely.

Contents

Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. New Perspectives on Lexical Enrichment
2. The Case of Israeli: Multisourced Neologization (MSN) as an Ideal Technique for Lexical Enrichment
3. Addition of Sememe Versus Introduction of Lexeme
4. MSN in Various Terminological Areas
5. Sociolinguistic Analysis: Attitudes Towards MSN in 'Reinvented Languages'
6. The Source Languages
7. Statistical Analysis
8. Conclusions and Theoretical Implications

Appendix: Transcription, Transliteration and Translation
References
Index

Review Excerpts

'..fascinating and multifaceted... a paean to linguistic creativity. It is especially timely in the present
historical context of rapid globalization and linguistic inter-influence.'

- Professor James A. Matisoff, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley

'The volume is extremely impressive. Zuckermann demonstrates a mastery of European and Hebrew
lexicography... In addition to developing a rigorous analytical framework, he offers many detailed word
(and compound) histories and carves out a well-defined position on issues of much significance.'

- Jeffrey Heath, Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan

'...this is the first time that anyone has drawn attention to the extent to which 'phono-semantic matching'
applies in word formation...a most important contribution to the study of Israeli Hebrew word formation in
particular and of language change in general.'

- Shmuel Bolozky, Professor of Hebrew, University of Massachusetts

'This book will interest not only researchers and graduate students in the topic but also Hebraists. Moreover,
any layman who loves words will find it absorbing and entertaining... it is both scholarly and original [and] an
outstanding contribution to the science of etymology.'

- Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, University of Oxford

'The book is an outstanding piece of scholarship which undoubtedly represents a milestone in the field of lexicology. Zuckermann's attention to details has made the work a mini-encyclopaedia, much in the tradition of Jewish scholarship. Generally, his etymologies are well thought out and set a standard for current and future research.'

- Joseph T. Farquharson, LinguistList http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/16/16-1399.html

Subject List

Language and culture; Languages in contact; Lexicology; Linguistics; Aavik; Afroasiatic languages; American English; Americanization; Anthropology; Anthropological linguistics; Arabic language; Aramaic; Arts; Asian languages; Ben-Yehuda;; Bible; Bilingualism; Bloomfield; Borrowing; Camouflage; Change; Chinese language; Comparative linguistics; Contact linguistics; Creativity; Creole dialects; Culture; Derrida; Dictionaries; Education; English as the global language; English language--Foreign countries; English language--Influence on foreign languages; Estonian; Etymology; Europe; Far East; Foreign Language - Dictionaries / Phrase Books; Foreign Language Study; French language--Influence on foreign languages; Gender; German language--Influence on foreign languages; Globalization; Grammar, Comparative and general--Word formation; Greek language--Influence on foreign languages; Hamito-Semitic languages; Hebrew; Hebrew language--Foreign words and phrases; Hebrew language--New words; Hebrew language--Revival; Hebrew language--Word formation;
Historical linguistics; History; Human behaviour; Humanities; Indo-European languages; Innovation; Israel; Jamaican Creole; Japanese language; Imitation; ; Jewish learning and scholarship; Jewish languages; Judaic studies; Judaism; Language; Language and languages--Etymology; Language and languages--Orthography and spelling; Language planning; Lexical enrichment; Lexicography; Lexicon/lexis; Linguistic change; Mandarin; Medieval Hebrew(s); Middle East; Mishnah; Literature; Modern Hebrew; Morphology; Multilingualism; Non-fiction; Old Testament; Orthography; Philology; Phonetics; Phonology; Pidgin languages; Polish language--Influence on foreign languages; Politics; Portuguese; Purism; Rabbinic Hebrew; Reference; Religion; Revitalization; Revival; Revolutions; Russian language--Influence on foreign languages; Saussure; Semantics; Semitic languages; Singlish (Singaporean English); Social Science; Society; Sociolinguistics; Sociology; Spanish; Survival; Swahili; Psychology; Psycholinguistics; Talmud; Turkish language; Vernacular; Vernacularization; Vocabulary; Yiddish language; Words; Writing; Written communication.

REFERENCES

If an item is written in a language other than English, German, French, Latin, Italian or Spanish, a translation is provided and the language is indicated in square brackets. CUP stands for Cambridge University Press and OUP for Oxford University Press.

Aavik, Johannes 1921. Uute sõnade sõnastik (A Dictionary of New Words). Tallinn: A. Keisermanni Kirjastus (A. Keisermann Publishers). [Est.]
Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob ben Haim Moshe (see also Mendele Mokhér Sfarím) 1862. toldót hatéva 1 (History of Nature 1). Leipzig: C. W. Vollrath. (Based on a book by Harald Othmar Lenz) (Abramowitsch, also known as Sholem Yankev Broyde Abramovich, used from 1879 the pseudonym Méndele Mokhér Sfarím, or in Yiddish Méndele Móykher-Sfórim, lit. ‘Mendele the (Itinerant) Bookseller’) [ModH]
Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob ben Haim Moshe 1866. toldót hatéva 2: haóf (History of Nature 2: Birds). Zhitomir: A. S. Schadow. [ModH]
Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob ben Haim Moshe 1872. toldót hatéva 3: hazokhalím (History of Nature 3: Reptiles). Vilna: Romm. [ModH]
Agnon, Shmuel Yosef 1953. élu veélu (These and Those). Jerusalem – Tel Aviv: Schocken. [I]
Aharoni, Y. (Israel) 1935. ‘kipód’ (The word kipód ‘hedgehog’). Lešonénu 6: 137-63. (Originally written in Berlin in 1912) [I]
Aitchison, Jean M. 1981. Language Change: Progress or Decay? CUP.
Akadém (The Bulletin of the Academy of the Hebrew Language) 1993-2000 (Issues 1-15). Einat Gonen (ed., 5-15). Jerusalem: The Academy of the Hebrew Language. [I]
Akhiasaf, Oded, Raanan Akhiasaf, Guni Rader and Shlomi Prais (eds) 1993. leksikón hasléng haivrí vehatsvaí (The Lexicon of Hebrew and Military Slang). Tel Aviv: Prolog. [I]
Alcalay, Reuben 1964. The Complete Hebrew-English Dictionary. Tel Aviv – Jerusalem: Massadah. (4 vols)
Alcalay, Reuben 1967. leksikón loazí ivrí khadásh – kolél nivím ufitgamím (New Lexicon of Foreign Words and Phrases in Hebrew). Ramat Gan: Massada. [I]
Allen, William Sidney 1978. Vox Latina: A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Latin. CUP. (2nd Edition, 1st Edition: 1965)
Allsop, Richard 1996. The Oxford Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. OUP.
Almagor, Dan 1993. ‘masá haadlayáda’ (adlayáda: The Purim Carnival). Leshonenu La’am 44 (2): 51-61. [I]
Almagor, Dan 1995. ‘milonyáda’ (The Ending -yáda in Israeli). Leshonenu La'am 46: 47-58. [I]
Alon, Azaria (ed.) 1983. hakháy vehatsoméakh shel érets yisraél (Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel [An Illustrated Encyclopedia]). Tel Aviv – Jerusalem – Ramat Gan: Ministry of Defence – Society for the Protection of Nature. [I]
Altbauer, Moshe 1945. ‘mekorá haivrí shel hamilá sitwa’ (The Hebrew Origin of the Word sitwa). Lešonénu 14: 85-7. [I]
Alterman, Nathan 1963. ktavím (vol. iii): hatúr hashvií t..j.d.-t..k.b. (Written Works, vol. iii: The ‘Seventh Column’ 1954-62). Hakibbutz Hameuchad; Davar. [I]
Anashím uMakhshevím (People and Computers: The Personal Computers Magazine) 1984-5. Israel. [I]
Anderson, Stephen A. 1992. A-morphos Morphology. CUP.
Andriotis, Nikolaos P. (Ανδριώτης, Νικόλαος Π.; Andriōtēs) 1967. etimoloyikó leksikó tis kinís neoelinikís (Ετυμολογικό Λεξικό της Κοινής Νεοελληνικής; Etymologiko lexiko tēs koinēs neoellēnikēs) (Etymological Dictionary of Common Modern Greek). Salonika (Thessaloniki): Institouton Neoellēnikōn Spoudōn. (2nd Edition) [ModGk]

Anttila, Raimo 1989. Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Amsterdam – Philadelphia: John Benjamins. (2nd Edition)
Anttila, Raimo and Sheila Embleton 1995. ‘The Iconic Index: from Sound Change to Rhyming Slang’ in Iconicity in Language, Raffaele Simone (ed.), Amsterdam – Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 87-118.
Appel, René and Pieter Muysken 1987. Language Contact and Bilingualism. London – Baltimore – Melbourne – Auckland: Edward Arnold (a division of Hodder and Stoughton).
Arikha, Yaakov . 1954. ‘bkhár lekhá shem mishpakhá ivrí’ (Choose a Hebrew Surname). Leshonenu La'am 5 (9-10). [I]
Assaf, David and Israel Bartal 1993. ‘gilguló shel zanáv: mekhatsrót hakhasidím el hasléng hayisraelí’ (The Metamorphosis of zanáv: From assidic Courts to Israeli ...

This volume is divided into ten chapters and two parts: I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic ... more This volume is divided into ten chapters and two parts:

I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic
and Proto-Afro-Asiatic

CHAPTER 2, ‘Negation in Highland East Cushitic’, takes a comparative look at the forms and functions of negative morphemes in languages belonging to the Highland East Cushitic (HEC) branch of Cushitic, all of which possess at least two, at the most five different negative morphemes. In all HEC languages except Sidaama, negation is indicated by negative suffixes on verbal or non-verbal predicates. In Sidaama, the negative morpheme is a proclitic, the host of which is not necessarily the predicate. After a short typological profile of the HEC languages sketched in section 2, section 3 shows which negative morphemes are used in which clause types. Section 3.1 elaborates on the standard negation strategy. Section 3.2 and 3.3 take a closer look at negative existential clauses and negative non-verbal clauses. The subsequent sections 3.4 and 3.5 are dedicated to non-declarative main clauses, i.e. imperative and jussive clauses. The negation of converb clauses is examined in section 3.6. Relative clause negation is dealt with in section 3.7. A short excursus on the means of negating verbal nouns is found in section 3.8. In section 4, the division of labour of the negative morphemes in the individual HEC languages is compared and diachronic issues are addressed. Section 5 discusses how the analysis of negation can contribute to our understanding of the internal relationships in HEC.

CHAPTER 3, ‘From Proto-Berber to Proto-Afroasiatic’, proposes that traces of fossilized linguistic structures in ancient toponymic Berber layers and their preserved relics in the modern varieties of the language enable us to access a set of characteristics of proto-Berber and identify the different stages of evolution of this language and the type of evolution it has undergone (see Allati, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2009). These Berber reconstructions are probably not without influence on our understanding of remaining elements of ancient stages still maintained in other Afroasiatic branches, and, in general, of structural features that are supposed to be proto-Afroasiatic, as well as of the evolution this family has undergone. Now, how do the proto-Afroasiatic and its evolution appear at the point where Berber reconstructions are available? For reasons of clarity and to lay out some steps to facilitate productive discussions, I would like to answer this question in the form of a set of concise points.

CHAPTER 4, ‘On Construct State Nominals: Evidence for a Predicate Approach’, argues that construct state nominals are predicates (of type <e,t>), because the only way adjectives can be interpreted in the context of constructs is if they compose with the construct as a whole. The leading semantic account on constructs, namely the one which treats constructs as individuals (of type e), here referred to as the Individual approach, succeeds in accounting for the ban on the definite determiner semantically. However, it encounters fundamental difficulties with constructs composing with adjectives. The chapter shows that these are difficulties which the predicate approach easily overcomes. However, establishing that constructs are predicates and abandoning the individual approach leave a supporter of the predicate approach with the task of explaining the ban on the definite determiner without resorting to type mismatch. To resolve this, and following a phrasal movement of a projection containing both Head and Non-Head to SpecD for definite phrases and Spec# for indefinite phrases, this chapter proposes an explanation on the ban on the occurrence of definite determiners on the head of a construct by the unavailability of a head noun in D that allows the determiner to be realised.

CHAPTER 5, ‘Ancient Aramaic and its Use in the Biblical Translation, Targum Onqelos’, explores Targum Onqelos, the translation of the Pentateuch into Aramaic. According to the Babylonian Talmud (Megila 3a), this translation is attributed to Onqelos the Convert. According to research, however, the identity, time, and place of the translation are not definite. In the matter of the translator’s identity – Onqelos (or Akylas) was the nephew of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (or Titus). He converted to Judaism in the early second century AD. Scholars are divided as to whether Onqelos’ translation of the Pentateuch into Aramaic and Akylas’ translation of the Bible into Greek were written by the same person or two different people. While the majority believe that each translation was made by a different individual, a minority claim that one individual made both translations. Targum Onqelos is a literal-semantic translation of the majority of Pentateuch verses, closely adhering to the Hebrew text without deviations, additions, or omissions. This Chapter discusses three types of Pentateuch verses for which the Targum Onqelos deviates from the typical literal mode of translation.

CHAPTER 6, Addressing Strangers in Riyadh, proposes that when addressing an adult Saudi male stranger, the terms that are used depend on the sex of the speaker, his age and the situation surrounding the interaction. In normal situations, where the address mode is formal, male speakers across all age groups usually use the terms ax (brother, and its derivatives) and ash-shaix (sheikh) for the function of addressing adult males. In addition to these terms adult male speakers (as opposed to teenagers) also use the terms ťaieb (good natured), al-ħabib (beloved one), al-ﻻali (most valuable) and abu-i (my father). This difference between adults and teenagers may indicate an increased level of politeness that comes as one ages and as one becomes more exposed to different types of addressee. However, this variation could also be the beginning of a shift in what is perceived as polite in the Riyadh society. In informal situations, adult male speakers usually use the term abu ash-shabab (father of youths) in addition to the terms above, while male teenagers also use abu (father of Ø). Working females and housewives usually use the terms axu-i (my brother) and walad (boy, especially with younger males) while younger females usually use axu-i (my brother) and law samaht (excuse me). In situations marked with anger or annoyance male speakers usually use the term abu ash-shabab (father of youths) but may prefer the terms axu-i (my brother) and abu-i (my father) if they want to maintain a polite demeanor. Terms like walad (boy) and hih or hoh (hey you), however, are considered extremely impolite if used to address adult male strangers by other males.

CHAPTER 7, Meeting the Prince of Darkness: A Semantic Analysis of English The Devil, Arabic Ashshayţān, and Hebrew Hasatan, explores the folk understanding of the English concept the devil and its Arabic and Israeli Hebrew near equivalents (ashshayţān and hasatan, respectively). Based on linguistic evidence, analysis is carried out to delineate the similarities and differences between the three concepts. The results demonstrate similarities in how ordinary native English speakers, Muslim Arabs, and native Israeli speakers categorize these beings, as well as what they think about their number, nature, and relation with people. Differences emerge when discussing where these beings live, whether or not there is a hierarchy among them, what they look like or how they are visualized, and how they are different from human beings. Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) method, an explication is constructed for each term. The three explications, whose building blocks are universal human concepts and are translatable into most languages, provides the cultural outsider with an insider’s perspective on each of the three terms. One of the implications of this chapter is the limit of translation.

CHAPTER 8, Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting II: Omotic *b- with nasals, *r, *l, and weak consonants, examines Omotic lexical roots with *b- and is hoped to become the part a set of papers identifying the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the Omotic lexicon according to initial consonants. The aim of the chapter is to present new etymologies in addition to those Omotic lexemes whose etymologies have already been demonstrated by other authors. In the first part of this series, Omotic roots with *b- plus dentals, sibilants, and velars are dealt with from an etymological standpoint. The numeration of the lexical entries is continuous beginning from the very first paper

II: Asiatic Etymology versus Etymythology

CHAPTER 9, ‘A Syllabic Melodic Structure in a Japanese Obon Song – A Probable Hebrew-Aramaic Narrative'.

CHAPTER 10, ‘Asia at Both Ends: An Introduction to Etymythology, with a Response to Chapter 9’."

Papers by Ghil'ad Zuckermann

Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Jul 1, 2003

Journal of Modern Jewish Studies, Mar 1, 2006

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2003

MSN, a source of lexical enrichment distinct from guestwords, foreignisms, loanwords (§1.2.1) and... more MSN, a source of lexical enrichment distinct from guestwords, foreignisms, loanwords (§1.2.1) and calquing (1.3) has had a vast impact across many languages. MSN, which usually goes unnoticed by speakers (especially those of generations following the original coinage), has introduced a substantial number of new sememes and lexemes in Israeli, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, pidgins and creoles, and other languages. In the case of Israeli, MSN reinforces the view that Israeli lexis has been covertly influenced by Germanic and Slavonic languages such as Yiddish, Russian, Polish, German and English. The hundreds of (polychronically analysed) examples presented in this book prove that PSM is significantly widespread, the extent being remarkable both in absolute terms (200 PSMs out of several thousand neologisms in Israeli) and in relative terms, i.e. taking into account the fact that the majority of SL words do not have a parallel TL (in the case of FEN) or co-SL (in the case of LC) element which may coincide on phonetic and on semantic levels. Such a constraint does not usually apply to calquing, morpho-phonemic adaptation and mere neologization. Therefore, 200 PSMs in Israeli (not allowing for their dozens of secondary derivatives, as well as for toponyms and anthroponyms) is a significant number.

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2003

MSN demonstrates that the most important contributor languages for Israeli are: (i) Indo-European... more MSN demonstrates that the most important contributor languages for Israeli are: (i) Indo-European — mostly Germanic and Slavonic: Yiddish, Polish, Russian, English and German; (ii) Western Semitic: Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic (on Aramaic, see Eliezer Meir Lipschutz in ZV 4, 1914: 20). Until the first half of the twentieth century, Yiddish was the most influential among these Indo-European languages, overtaking Russian and Polish. Currently, however, English, which became dominant during the British Mandate in Eretz Yisrael is the main SL owing to its globalization. For classification by source language (percentage), see Graph 1 in §7.2.1.

Journal of Language Contact, 2009

Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 18, 2020

This chapter explores the futile lexpionage (lexical + espionage) of the Academy of the Hebrew La... more This chapter explores the futile lexpionage (lexical + espionage) of the Academy of the Hebrew Language. During the past century, Israeli has become the primary mode of communication in all domains of Israel’s public and private life. Issues of language are so sensitive in Israel that politicians are often involved. For example, in an article in Ha’aretz (21 June 2004), the late left-wing politician Yossi Sarid attacked the (most widespread) ‘common language of éser shékel’ as inarticulate and monstrous, and urged civilians to fight it and protect ‘Hebrew’. However, most Israelis say éser shékel ‘ten shekels’ rather than asar-á shkal-ím (original Hebrew pronunciation: [ʕǎśåˈrå ʃəqåˈli:m]), the former literally meaning ‘ten (masculine singular) shekel (masculine singular)’, the latter ‘ten (feminine singular) shekels (masculine plural)’, and thus having a ‘polarity-of-gender agreement’—with a feminine numeral and a masculine plural noun, which is a Biblical Hebrew norm, not so in Israeli. Brought into being by legislation in 1953 as the supreme institute for Hebrew, the Academy of the Hebrew Language prescribes standards for Israeli grammar, lexis (vocabulary), orthography, transcription, and vocalization (vowel marking) ‘based upon the study of Hebrew’s historical development’. This chapter critically analyses the Academy’s mission, as intriguingly—and in my view oxymoronically—defined in its constitution: ‘to direct the development of Hebrew in light of its nature’. It throws light on the dynamics within the committees’ meetings, and exposes some U-turn decisions made by the Academy.

... Toponymy and monopoly. One toponym, two parents; ideological hebraization of Arabic place-nam... more ... Toponymy and monopoly. One toponym, two parents; ideological hebraization of Arabic place-names in the Israeli language. Autores: Ghil'ad Zuckermann; Localización: Onoma: Journal of the International Council of Onomastic Sciences, ISSN 0078-463X, Nº. ...

Wardlada Mardinidhi ('Bush Healing'): Barngarla Plant Medicines, 2023

Mangiri Yarda ('Healthy Country'): Barngarla Wellbeing and Nature,, 2021

Mangiri Yarda ('Healthy Country'): Barngarla Wellbeing and Nature, 2021

Barngarlidhi Manoo ('Speaking Barngarla Together'), 2019

Barngarlidhi Manoo ('Speaking Barngarla Together'): Barngarla Alphabet & Picture Book, 2019

多源造词研究 (A Study of Multisourced Neologization), 2021

ENGAGING: A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property , 2015

Jewish Language Contact, edited by Ghil'ad Zuckermann (2014), 2014

INTRODUCTION

Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Judeo-French, Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew.

The issue is dedicated with love to Gianluca Gadi Yuèyáng Zuckermann, an exquisite Jewrasian hybrid, born in Adelaide, Australia, on 20 May 2012.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Articles

Article 1
Lessons from Judezmo about the Balkan Sprachbund and Contact Linguistics
Victor A. Friedman and Brian D. Joseph

Article 2
The Problem of Judeo-French: Between Language and Cultural Dynamics
Marc Kiwitt

Article 3
Let my People Know!: Towards a Revolution in the Teaching of the Hebrew Bible
Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and Gitit Holzman

Article 4
Nathan Birnbaum and The Tasks of Eastern European Jews
Joshua A. Fishman

Yiddish Linguistics

Article 5
Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?
Alexander Beider

Article 6
Slavic Influence in Eastern Yiddish Syntax: The Case of vos Relative Clauses
Jürg Fleischer

Article 7
Veiling Knowledge: Hebrew Sources in the Yiddish Sermons of Ultra-Orthodox Women
Dalit Assouline

Article 8
Home language usage and the impact of Modern Hebrew on Israeli Hasidic Yiddish nouns and noun plurals
Netta Abugov and Dorit Ravid

Article 9
Bare Participle Forms in the Speech of Lithuanian Yiddish Heritage Speakers: Multiple Causation
Anna Verschik

Article 10
A pragmatic and idiomatic Yiddish substrate of Modern Hebrew: Insights from translations of Sholem Aleichem's Tevye
Tamar Sovran

Reviews

Review 1
Review of Freidenreich, Fradle Pomerantz 2010, Passionate Pioneers: The Story of Yiddish Secular Education in North America, 1910 - 1960. NJ: Holmes and Meir.
Itzik Gottesman

Review 2
Review of Bai, Gang 2009, Semitische Lehnwörter im Altgriechischen [Semitic Loanwords in Ancient Greek]. Hamburg: Dr Kovač.
Gábor Takács

--------------------

Call for Papers

Style and reference format can follow Zuckermann (2009), accessible at: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf

DEADLINES:

Yours respectfully,

Ghil'ad"""

טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו Tingo (The Israeli Adapatation of The Meaning of Tingo) (2011), 2011

TINGO

טינגו
ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו

מאת
אדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ

(תרגום: גיא שרת)

בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמן

"ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."
סטיבן פריי

Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond, 2020

הוצאת עם עובד ‏2008 972 ישראלית שפה יפה Israelit Safa Yafa Israeli, a Beautiful Language ... more הוצאת עם עובד ‏2008

972

ישראלית שפה יפה
Israelit Safa Yafa
Israeli, a Beautiful Language

גלעד צוקרמן
(Ghil‘ad Zuckermann)

תקציר הספר

על מחבר הספר

קצרים

"משובב נפש" (ירון לונדון, לונדון את קירשנבאום, ערוץ 10)

"ספר חובה לכל ישראלי" (פרופ' שלמה זנד, השקת הספר בתולעת ספרים, תל אביב, 11.1.09)

"מרתק, מרענן, מרחיב דעת, משעשע, משועשע...ליברלי, רדיקלי" (פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)

"פרובוקטיבי" (חנוך מרמרי, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)

"ניכר כי פרופ' צוקרמן אוהב שפות ואוהב לשחק עם שפות" (פרופ' תמר כתריאל, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)

מצאו את ההבדלים
מבולבלים? גם אנחנו!

"הספר הזה קורא לדיון מעמיק." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"'עשר שקל' הוא קשקוש בתחת." (יוסי שריד, הארץ, 28.12.08)

השקות ספר

השקות ספר באוסטרליה

(8)
יום ה', 2 באפריל 2009, 6 בערב
בריסביין
American Book Store, 197 Elizabeth St (opposite Hilton), CBD

(9)
יום ב', 8 ביוני 2009, 430 אחה"ץ
סידני
אוניברסיטת ניו סאות' ויילס
מנחה: ניצה לואנסטין לווינשטיין לוונסטין

לקט עיתונות

http://www.zuckermann.org/israelit.html

ביידיש: http://yiddish.forward.com/node/1753

באנגלית: http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3333948,00.html

בישראלית

* פרופ' צוקרמן והתעויוט \ אילת נגב (שבעה ימים, ידיעות אחרונות, 12.12.08)

* מי גאון של אמא? \ מירב לוי דיאמנט (ערב ערב, 10.1.08)
http://www.ereverev.co.il/article.asp?id=5445

* ישראלית שפה יפה \ גלעד צוקרמן (הו!, NRG מעריב)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/5/ART/945/896.html

* עברית בשתי שקל \ עמרי הרצוג (הארץ, 30.9.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1024807.html

* הישראלית של גלעד צוקרמן \ רוביק רוזנטל (NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)

* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | שמע ישראל או שמע ישראלית \ נועם אורדן (הארץ , 24.12.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1049299.html

* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | משכנע, נחמד, מזיק \ חגי חיטרון (הארץ , 24.12.08)

* בני ציפר נגד הוולקנו - פרובוקציה מיותרת \ בני ציפר (Online הארץ , 19.12.08)

* קוף לקוף יביע אומר \ יוסי שריד Politician Yossi Sarid (הארץ 28.12.08)

* אחד משלנו \ מלי פישמן (העיר, 8.1.09)
http://eilati.co.il/article_3381.asp

* היידיש היא תשוקתו; בחרו להם כתב אשורי ולשון עברי \ יצחק לאור (הארץ, 9.1.09)

* הישראלית מזמן כבר פה \ מנחם פרי (Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)

*ישראלי, דבר ישראלית! \ גלעד צוקרמן (הארץ ספרים, 28.4.09)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1081451.html

* ידיעות אחרונות 7.1.10 http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4984092&id=883185494&fbid=103027800494#/photo.php?pid=11833767&id=883185494

BOOK SUMMARY

Fascinating and multifaceted, Israeli (Zuckermann 1999, a.k.a. ‘Modern Hebrew’), the language which emerged in Eretz Israel at the end of the nineteenth century, possesse...

Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, 2003

Contents

Appendix: Transcription, Transliteration and Translation
References
Index

Review Excerpts

'..fascinating and multifaceted... a paean to linguistic creativity. It is especially timely in the present
historical context of rapid globalization and linguistic inter-influence.'

- Professor James A. Matisoff, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley

- Jeffrey Heath, Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan

- Shmuel Bolozky, Professor of Hebrew, University of Massachusetts

- Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, University of Oxford

- Joseph T. Farquharson, LinguistList http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/16/16-1399.html

Subject List

REFERENCES

This volume is divided into ten chapters and two parts: I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic ... more This volume is divided into ten chapters and two parts:

I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic
and Proto-Afro-Asiatic

II: Asiatic Etymology versus Etymythology

CHAPTER 9, ‘A Syllabic Melodic Structure in a Japanese Obon Song – A Probable Hebrew-Aramaic Narrative'.

CHAPTER 10, ‘Asia at Both Ends: An Introduction to Etymythology, with a Response to Chapter 9’."

Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Jul 1, 2003

Journal of Modern Jewish Studies, Mar 1, 2006

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2003

Journal of Language Contact, 2009

Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 18, 2020

Australian Journal of Linguistics, 2011

The Bible and Critical Theory, Mar 1, 2010

Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 18, 2020

This chapter explores, for the first time, culturomics in Israeli. Culturomics is a trans-discipl... more This chapter explores, for the first time, culturomics in Israeli. Culturomics is a trans-disciplinary form of computational lexicology that studies human behaviour, language, and cultural and historical trends through the quantitative analysis of texts. My term tarbutomics is based on תרבות‎ tarbút, Israeli for ‘culture’, thus calquing (loan-translating) the term culturomics. Tarbutomics ought to be a new tool for evaluating the linguistic, cultural, and social trends occurring throughout a historical period. To see how Hebrew lexis has changed from 1500 until 2009, the chapter analyses data from Google Books. To do this, the Google Books database was downloaded. Tarbutomics takes the raw Hebrew 1-gram data and puts it in a relational database, allowing us to ask more sophisticated questions. It can shed light on questions about Israeli culture, Hebrew language reclamation, and about the development of the Israeli language throughout the twentieth century.

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2010

Discourse approaches to politics, society and culture, 2006

Acta Linguistica Hungarica, Dec 1, 2006

This refereed volume is a collection of selected scholarly articles resulting from research condu... more This refereed volume is a collection of selected scholarly articles resulting from research conducted for the first international Australian Workshop on Afro-Asiatic Linguistics (AWAAL), held on 11-13 September 2009 at the State Library of Queensland, Cultural Centre, Stanley Place, South Bank, Brisbane; as well as at the Great Court, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane. The University of Queensland has been home to scholars and linguists such as Georges Perec, Eric Partridge and Rodney Huddleston. World-class papers were delivered by established academics and promising postdoctoral fellows and doctoral students from all over the globe, including Australia, Cameroon, Canada, Eritrea, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Poland, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States. They all analysed languages and cultures belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family, e.g. Egyptian, Berber, Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and Semitic.

Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 18, 2020

This chapter introduces an original analysis of the Hebrew reclamation, resulting in ‘Israeli’, a... more This chapter introduces an original analysis of the Hebrew reclamation, resulting in ‘Israeli’, a term first used by Zuckermann (1999). A language is a col-lect-ion, an abstract ensemble of lects (idiolects, sociolects, dialects, and other lects) rather than an entity per se. It is more like a species than an organism. Still, the genetic classification of Israeli as a consistent entity has preoccupied linguists since the language emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. As a consequence, Israeli affords insights into the politics and evolution not only of language, but also of linguistics and revivalistics. The chapter proposes that the languages spoken in Israel today is a semi-engineered, Semito-European hybrid language. Its complexity should be acknowledged and celebrated, regardless of what one chooses to call it. The chapter also introduces two useful principles to the analysis of revival languages: The Founder Principle and the Congruence Principle. In revivalistics, the Founder Principle proposes that the impact of the mother tongues of the revivalists—in the critical period of the emergence of the revival language—is much greater than that of following generations. The Congruence Principle in revivalistics proposes that the more contributing languages a feature exists in, the more likely it is to persist in the emerging revival language.

Oxford University Press eBooks, 2011

Ghil'ad Zuckermannhttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/163580454?q=9780195392456&c=book&versi... more Ghil'ad Zuckermannhttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/163580454?q=9780195392456&c=book&versionId=17832859

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2003

Hebrew, used by Jews since the thirteenth century BC, ceased to be spoken during the second centu... more Hebrew, used by Jews since the thirteenth century BC, ceased to be spoken during the second century ad. For more than 1700 years thereafter, it served as a liturgical and literary language for Jews of the Diaspora. Although it was occasionally also employed as a lingua franca it was not in use as a mother tongue. Israeli emerged in Eretz Yisrael (Palestine) at the beginning of the twentieth century. Despite the variety of scholarly opinion about the genetics of Israeli (cf. Zuckermann 200la), there should be a consensus on the following points: (i) Hebrew suffered from a severe lexical paucity; (ii) Israeli has been strongly influenced by various languages which belong to different language families due to the cosmopolitan nature of Israeli society; (iii) Israeli has been supported ideologically in order to strengthen the Jewish settlement in Eretz Yisrael (cf. Tur-Sinai 1960: 9, Wexler 1990: 13). Thus, Israeli might be regarded as a ‘reinvented language’ in which purists had to work hard to coin new words using native elements to replace those of alien pedigree. MSN is the ideal means for such neologization for the following reasons: 1. For the native speaker of the future: camouflaging foreign influence (using autochthonous constituents) 2. For the ‘revivalist’: recycling obsolete lexemes 3. For the contemporary learner/speaker (until the beginning of the twentieth century, a non-native speaker): facilitating initial learning (mnemonization)

The vast majority of Australia’s Indigenous languages — some 250 are estimated to have existed at... more The vast majority of Australia’s Indigenous languages — some 250 are estimated to have existed at the time British colonisation — are no longer in use.

Now, the Australian government is being pushed to revalue Indigenous languages in a call for the payment of compensation for language loss, to be put towards increased funding for language revitalisation, with the claim that the loss of language is more detrimental than the loss of land.

Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Professor of Linguistics and Endangered Languages, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.

“The greatest virtue of a new word is that it is not new.” (Yechiel Michal Pínes, 1893) versus... more “The greatest virtue of a new word is that it is not new.” (Yechiel Michal Pínes, 1893)

versus

“It is absolutely impossible to empty out words filled to bursting, unless one does so at the expense of language itself.” (Gershom Scholem, 26 December 1926)

One of the problems facing those attempting to revive Hebrew as the national language of the emerging State of Israel was that of Hebrew lexical voids. The ‘revivalists’ attempted to use mainly internal sources of lexical enrichment but were faced with a paucity of roots. They changed the meanings of obsolete Hebrew terms to fit the modern world. This infusion often entailed the secularization of religious terms. This lecture will explore the phenomenon of semantic secularization, as in the politically-neutral process visible in English cell ‘monk’s living place’ > ‘autonomous self-replicating unit from which tissues of the body are formed’. The main focus, however, is on secularizations involving ideological ‘lexical engineering’, as often exemplified by – either conscious or subconscious, either top-down or bottom-up – manipulative, subversive processes of extreme semantic shifting, pejoration, amelioration, trivialization, allusion and echoing.

An example of defying religion is blorít. Mishnaic Hebrew [b’lorit] is ‘Mohawk, an upright strip of hair that runs across the crown of the head from the forehead to the nape of the neck’, characteristic of the abominable pagan and not to be touched by the Jewish barber. But defying religious values, secular Socialist Zionists use blorít with the meaning ‘forelock, hair above the forehead’, which becomes one of the defining characteristics of the Sabra (‘prickly pear’, a nickname for native Israelis, allegedly thorny on the outside and sweet inside). Is the ‘new Jew’ ultimately a pagan?

This negation of religion fascinatingly adds to the phenomenon of negation of the Diaspora, exemplified in the blorít itself by Zionists expecting the Sabra to have dishevelled hair, as opposed to the orderly diasporic Jew, who was considered by Zionists to be weak and persecuted.

An example of the complementary phenomenon, deifying Zionism, is mishkán. Biblical Hebrew [mishkån] means ‘Tabernacle of the Congregation’ (where Moses kept the Ark in the wilderness), ‘inner sanctum’ (known as [‘ohel mo`ed]). Israeli mishkán aknéset, however, refers to ‘the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) building’. Translating mishkán haknéset as ‘The Knesset Building’ (as in the official Knesset website) is lacking. The word mishkán is loaded with holiness and evokes sanctity, as if MKs (Members of Knesset, i.e. MPs) were at the very least angels or seraphs.

In line with the prediction made by the Kabbalah-scholar Gershom Scholem in a letter to Franz Rosenzweig (Bekenntnis über unsere Sprache, 1926), some ultra-orthodox Jews have tried to launch a ‘lexical vendetta’: using secularized terms like ‘dormant agents’, as a shortcut to religious concepts, thus trying to convince secular Jews to go back to their religious roots.

The study of Israeli cultural linguistics and socio-philology casts light on the dynamics between language, religion and identity in a land where fierce military battles with external enemies are accompanied by internal Kulturkämpfe.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Ghil’ad ZUCKERMANN , D.Phil. (Oxon.), M.A. (Tel Aviv) (summa cum laude), is Associate Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Fellow in Linguistics at The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. He has been Gulbenkian Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, has taught in Israel, Singapore, England and USA , and has held research posts in Bellagio (Italy), Austin (Texas), Melbourne and Tokyo. His publications – in English, Israeli, Italian, Yiddish, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese – include the books Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli, a Beautiful Language, Am Oved, 2008). He is currently working on two further books: (1) Language Genesis and Multiple Causation, and (2) Language, Religion and Identity. His website is http://www.zuckermann.org/

Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? 'Who will guard the guardians themselves?' (Iuvenalis, Satirae... more Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
'Who will guard the guardians themselves?'
(Iuvenalis, Satirae, vi, 347-8).

Over the past century, Israeli – somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' – has become the primary mode of communication in all domains of public and private life in Israel. Linguistic issues are so sensitive in Israel that politicians are often involved. For example, in an article in Ha'aretz (June 21, 2004), left-wing politician Yossi Sarid attacked the (most widespread) 'common language of éser shekel' as inarticulate and monstrous, and urged citizens to take up arms, fight it and protect "Hebrew". However, most Israelis say éser shékel 'ten shekels' rather than asar-á shkal-ím, the latter literally meaning 'ten (feminine) shekels (masculine plural)', and thus having a 'polarity-of-gender agreement' - with a feminine numeral and a masculine plural noun. Brought into being by legislation in 1953 as the supreme institute for Hebrew, the Academy of the Hebrew Language prescribes standards for Israeli grammar, lexis, orthography, transcription and vocalization (vowel marking) 'based upon the study of Hebrew's historical development'. This lecture will provide a critical analysis of the Academy's mission, as intriguingly defined in its constitution: 'to direct the development of Hebrew in light of its nature' (sic). It will shed light on the dynamics of the committees' meetings, and expose some U-turn decisions recently made by the Academy. I will suggest that the Academy has begun submitting to the 'real world', accommodating its decrees to the parole of native Israeli speakers, long regarded as 'reckless' and 'lazy'.

Based on Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2008. ‘“Realistic Prescriptivism”: The Academy of the Hebrew Language, its Campaign of “Good Grammar” and Lexpionage, and the Native Israeli Speakers’' Israel Studies in Language and Society 1.1: 135-154.

LINK: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Realistic_Prescriptivism_Academy.pdf

About the speaker: http://www.zuckermann.org/

Hybridity versus Revivability: The Genesis of the Israeli Language Prof Ghil'ad Zuckermann (Un... more Hybridity versus Revivability: The Genesis of the Israeli Language

Prof Ghil'ad Zuckermann (University of Queensland)

The aim of this lecture is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous phenomenon of multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists' mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybrid genetic and typological character.

It will be argued that Israeli - a 120 year-old language, somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' - is simultaneously Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) and Indo-European
(Germanic/Slavonic/Romance): Both Hebrew (an important liturgical and literary language) and Yiddish (the revivalists' mother tongue) act as its 'primary contributors', with numerous other contributors such as Russian and Polish.
Almost all Hebrew revivalists, e.g. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (born Perelman), were native Yiddish-speakers. But they wished to speak Hebrew with Semitic grammar and pronunciation - like Arabs. However, their attempts (1) to deny their (more recent)
roots in search of Biblical ancientness, (2) negate diasporism and disown the 'weak, persecuted' exilic Jew, and (3) avoid hybridity (as reflected in Slavonized, Romance/Semitic-influenced, Germanic Yiddish itself, which they despised) failed.

Although they have engaged in a campaign for linguistic purity, the emerging Israeli language often mirrors the very components the revivalists sought to erase. Thus, the
study of Israeli casts light on the dynamics between language and culture in general, and in particular into the role of language as a source of collective self-perception.

Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle, according to which if a feature exists in more than one contributing language, it is more likely to persist in the
emerging language. This lecture will discuss multiple causation in (1) constituent order, (2) tense system, (3) copula enhancement, (4) calquing, and (5) phono-semantic
matching in Israeli. It will suggest that the reality of linguistic genesis is far more complex than a simple family tree system allows. 'Revived' languages are unlikely to
have a single parent.

Generally speaking, whereas most forms of Israeli are Semitic, many of its patterns are European. It will be proposed that (1) Whereas Hebrew was synthetic, Israeli -
following Yiddish etc. - is much more analytic; (2) Israeli is a habere language (cf. Latin habere 'to have', taking the direct object), in stark contrast to Hebrew; (3) European languages sometimes dictate the gender of Israeli coinages; (4) The (hidden) productivity and semantics of the allegedly completely Hebrew system of Israeli verbtemplates are, in fact, often European; (5) In Hebrew there was a polarity-of-gender agreement between nouns and numerals, e.g. 'éser banót 'ten girls' versus 'asar-á baním 'ten (feminine) boys'. In Israeli there is a simpler - European - system, e.g. éser banót 'ten girls', éser baním 'ten boys'; (6) Yiddish has shaped the semantics of the Israeli verbal system in the case of inchoativity; (7) The Israeli proclitics be- 'in', le- 'to' and mi-/me 'from', as well as the coordinating conjunction ve- 'and', are phonologically less dependent than in Hebrew; (8) Word-formation in Israeli abounds with European mechanisms such as portmanteau blending.

Israeli possesses distinctive socio-historical characteristics such as the lack of a continuous chain of native speakers from spoken Hebrew to Israeli, the non-Semitic mother tongues spoken by the revivalists, and the European impact on literary Hebrew. Consequently, it presents the linguist with a unique laboratory in which to examine a wider set of theoretical problems concerning language genesis and
hybridity, social issues like language vis-à-vis politics, and practical matters, e.g. whether it is possible to revive a no-longer spoken language. The multisourced nature of Israeli and the role of the Congruence Principle in its genesis have implications for historical linguistics, language planning and the study of language, culture and identity.