Rickets | Semantic Scholar

The periods in history when nutritional rickets was described are documented, early efforts to understand its etiology and the steps taken to treat and prevent it are examined, and a greater understanding of the well-known public health measures that can be used to manage this entirely preventable disease is gained.

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease in the developed world and in children, osteopenia may overlap with many hereditary and acquired conditions of diverse etiology that lead to disturbed metabolism of the bone tissue.

The objective of this paper is to answer some of the more frequent questions related to the management of patients with XLH by a group of experts participating in a scientific conference on XLH held in Madrid.

VDDR1A is caused by a mutation in the CYP27B1 gene, which impairs the 1 hydroxylase enzyme, which compromises vitamin-D production, causing delayed growth, inability to stand, and rachitic bone deformities in a 4-year-old boy.

Normal calcium physiology is revisited and hypo- and hypercalcemia in children are defined and a physiology-based approach for diagnosis of pediatric calcium disorders with treatment recommendations is provided.