How Flat Can a Planetary System Get? I. The Case of TRAPPIST-1 | Semantic Scholar
@article{Heising2019HowFC,
title={How Flat Can a Planetary System Get? I. The Case of TRAPPIST-1},
author={Matthew Z. Heising and Dimitar D. Sasselov and Lars E. Hernquist and Ana Luisa Ti{\'o} Humphrey},
journal={The Astrophysical Journal},
year={2019},
volume={913},
url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219262616}
}The seven planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 in a compact near-resonant chain offer a unique case to study in planet formation theory. We demonstrate in this paper that the remarkable flatness of the system, exceeding that of any other known planetary system, is an important constraint on the mass of the gaseous disk in which it formed and attained its current configuration. We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the gas and planets to study specific formation models. In particular, we…