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The outgassing history of the Earth’s atmosphere

The principal source of information concerning the outgassing history of the atmosphere is the isotopic composition of helium, argon and xenon in the modern atmosphere and emerging from the upper…

The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans

    H. D. Holland

    Environmental Science, Geology

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B…

  • 2006

The last 3.85 Gyr of Earth history have been divided into five stages, and atmospheric oxygen levels probably rose to a maximum value of ca 0.3 atm during the Carboniferous before returning to its present value.

Apatite 4He/3He and (U-Th)/He Evidence for an Ancient Grand Canyon

Apatite 4He/3He thermochronometry data from the Grand Canyon basement are presented that tightly constrain the near-surface cooling history associated with canyon incision, suggesting that the western Grand Canyon likely reached near modern depths by 70 million years ago—nearly 60 million years earlier than generally believed.

The phanerozoic carbon cycle : CO[2] and O[2]

The term "carbon cycle" is normally thought to mean those processes that govern the present-day transfer of carbon between life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. This book describes another carbon…