2025 Michigan legislative session
From Ballotpedia
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| 2025 Michigan legislative session |
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| General information |
| Scheduled session start: January 8, 2025
Scheduled session end: December 31, 2025 |
| Leadership |
| Senate President Garlin Gilchrist II (D) House Speaker |
| Elections |
| Next Election: November 3, 2026
Last Election: November 5, 2024 |
| Previous legislative sessions |
| 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 |
| Other 2025 legislative sessions |
In 2025, the Michigan State Legislature is scheduled to convene on January 8 and adjourn on December 31.
The legislators serving in this session took office following the 2022 and 2024 elections. Democrats won a 20-18 majority in the Senate in 2022 and Republicans won a 58-52 majority in the House in 2024. The Democratic Party controlled the governorship, creating a divided state government. At the start of the 2025 session, Michigan was one of 23 state legislatures where neither party had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers.
At the beginning of the 2025 legislative session:
Leadership in 2025
Michigan State Senate
- Senate president: Garlin Gilchrist II (D)
- Majority leader: Winnie Brinks (D)
- Minority leader: Aric Nesbitt (R)
Michigan House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House: Matt Hall (R)
- Majority leader: Bryan Posthumus (R)
- Minority leader: Ranjeev Puri (D)
Partisan control in 2025
- See also: State government trifectas
Michigan was one of 12 divided state governments at the start of 2025 legislative sessions. A state government trifecta occurs when one political party holds the governor's office, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House. For more information about state government trifectas, click here.
Michigan was also one of 23 state legislatures where neither party had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers. Veto overrides occur when a legislature votes to reverse a veto issued by an executive such as a governor or the president. If one party has a majority in a state legislature that is large enough to override a gubernatorial veto without any votes from members of the minority party, it is called a veto-proof majority or, sometimes, a supermajority. To read more about veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures, click here.
The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the Michigan State Legislature in the 2025 legislative session.
Michigan State Senate
| Party | As of January 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 20 | |
| Republican Party | 18 | |
| Total | 38 |
Michigan House of Representatives
| Party | As of January 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 52 | |
| Republican Party | 58 | |
| Total | 110 |
Regular session
The list below shows up to 25 pieces of legislation in the 2025 legislative session that most recently passed both chambers of the legislature, were signed by the governor, or were approved by the legislature in a veto override. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation has met these criteria yet in 2025. This information is provided by BillTrack50.
Standing legislative committees
A standing committee of a state legislature is a committee that exists on a more-or-less permanent basis, from legislative session to session, that considers and refines legislative bills that fall under the committee's subject matter.
At the beginning of the 2025 legislative session, there were 44 standing committees in Michigan's state government, including one joint legislative committee, 20 state Senate committees, and 23 state House committees.
Joint legislative committees
- Joint Committee on Administrative Rules
Senate committees
- Advice and Consent Committee
- Economic and Small Business Development Committee
- Education and Career Readiness Committee
- Elections Committee
- Energy and Technology Committee
- Environmental Quality Committee
- Families, Seniors, and Veterans Committee
- Finance Committee
- Health Policy and Human Services
- Insurance and Banking Committee
- Judiciary and Public Safety Committee
- Labor Committee
- Local Government Committee
- Natural Resources Committee
- Senate Agriculture Committee
- Senate Appropriations Committee
- Senate Government Operations Committee
- Senate Oversight Committee
- Senate Regulatory Reform Committee
- Transportation and Infrastructure Committee
House committees
- Commerce and Tourism Committee
- Communications and Technology Committee
- Education Committee
- Elections and Ethics Committee
- Energy Committee
- Families, Children, and Seniors Committee
- Financial Services Committee
- Health Policy Committee
- House Agriculture Committee
- House Appropriations Committee
- House Government Operations Committee
- House Oversight Committee
- House Regulatory Reform Committee
- Insurance Committee
- Judiciary Committee
- Labor Committee
- Local Government and Municipal Finance Committee
- Military, Veterans and Homeland Security Committee
- Natural Resources and Outdoor Recreation Committee
- Rules and Competitiveness Committee
- Tax Policy Committee
- Transportation Committee
- Workforce, Trades, and Talent Committee
Legislatively referred constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Michigan Constitution can be amended:
The Michigan Constitution can be amended in three different ways—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention.
Initiative
- See also: Initiated constitutional amendment
An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.
In Michigan, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 10% of the votes cast in the last gubernatorial election. A simple majority vote is required for voter approval.
Legislature
A two-thirds vote is required during one legislative session for the Michigan State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 74 votes in the Michigan House of Representatives and 26 votes in the Michigan State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to Section 3 of Article XII of the Michigan Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 16 years starting in 1978. Michigan is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.
The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:
| State | Interval | Last question on the ballot | Next question on the ballot |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michigan | 16 years | 2010 | 2026 |
2026 measures:
- See also: Michigan 2026 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
2025 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2025 ballot by the legislature.
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Historical partisan control
The table below depicts the historical trifecta status of Michigan.
Michigan Party Control: 1992-2025
Two years of Democratic trifectas • Fourteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D |
| House | D | S | S | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R |
Historical Senate control
Democrats won a 20-18 majority in the Michigan State Senate in 2022, gaining control of the chamber for the first time since 1984.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Michigan Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Michigan State Senate election results: 1990-2022
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 18 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 12 | 11 | 16 | 20 |
| Republicans | 20 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 26 | 27 | 22 | 18 |
Historical House control
Republicans won a 58-52 majority in the Michigan House of Representatives in 2024, regaining control of the chamber after Democrats won control in 2022.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Michigan House following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Michigan House of Representatives election results: 1992-2024
| Year | '92* | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22 | '24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 55 | 54 | 58 | 52 | 51 | 47 | 52 | 58 | 67 | 47 | 51 | 47 | 47 | 52 | 52 | 56 | 52 |
| Republicans | 55 | 56 | 52 | 58 | 59 | 63 | 58 | 52 | 43 | 63 | 59 | 63 | 63 | 58 | 58 | 54 | 58 |
*Chamber controlled by power-sharing agreement
See also
| Elections | Michigan State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
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