California's 48th Congressional District election, 2018
Harley Rouda (D) defeated incumbent Dana Rohrabacher (R) in the November 6, 2018, general election for California's 48th Congressional District.
All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. The Democratic Party gained a net total of 40 seats, winning control of the chamber. This race was identified as a 2018 battleground that might have affected partisan control of the U.S. House in the 116th Congress. Heading into the election, the Republican Party was in the majority holding 235 seats to Democrats' 193 seats, with seven vacant seats. Democrats needed to win 23 GOP-held seats in 2018 to win control of the House. From 1918 to 2016, the president’s party lost an average of 29 seats in midterm elections.
Rohrabacher, who was first elected in 1988, won re-election in 2016 by 16 percentage points. However, the seat was one of 23 split-ticket districts that voted for a Republican representative and Hillary Clinton (D) for president, going for her over Donald Trump (R) by 1.7 percentage points.[1] Heading into the election, election forecasters called the race a toss-up or said it slightly favored Democrats.
California's 48th Congressional District is located in the southern portion of the state and includes most of the Orange County coast.[2]
Click here to read more about the top-two primary election.
Candidates and election results
General election
Nonpartisan primary election
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Boyd Roberts (D)
Candidate profiles
Harley Rouda, businessman
Party: Democratic
Incumbent: No
Political office: None
Biography: Rouda received his M.B.A. from The Ohio State University, and his J.D. from Capital University Law School. Rouda worked as an attorney with a speciality in intellectual property law before founding Real Living Real Estate and Trident Holding.[3][4]
Key messages
Dana Rohrabacher, U.S. representative from CA-48
Party: Republican
Incumbent: Yes
Political office: United States House of Representatives (assumed office: 1989)
Biography: Rohrabacher received his B.A. from California State University, Long Beach, and his M.A. from the University of Southern California. He served as a speechwriter and special assistant to President Ronald Reagan before being elected to Congress.[9]
Key messages
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
California's 48th Congressional District, general election | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poll | Harley Rouda (D) | Dana Rohrabacher (R) | Undecided/Other | Margin of error | Sample size |
Siena College (Oct. 29-Nov. 4) | 46% | 45% | 9% | +/-4.7 | 491 |
TPStrat Research (Oct. 31) | 42% | 51% | 7% | +/-4.7 | 440 |
TPStrat Research (Oct. 18) | 41% | 49% | 10% | +/-4.7 | 440 |
Monmouth University (Oct. 17-21) | 48% | 50% | 2% | +/-7.2 | 372 |
UC Berkeley’s Institute for Governmental Studies/Los Angeles Times (Sept. 16-23) | 48% | 48% | 4% | +/-5.0 | 623 |
Siena College/New York Times (Sept. 4-6) | 45% | 45% | 10% | +/-4.8 | 501 |
Monmouth University (July 11-15) | 46% | 43% | 12% | +/-5 | 402 |
AVERAGES | 45.14% | 47.29% | 7.71% | +/-5.16 | 467 |
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. |
Campaign finance
The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dana Rohrabacher | Republican Party | $2,788,147 | $2,979,978 | $45,944 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Harley Rouda | Democratic Party | $8,749,390 | $8,473,726 | $275,664 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
Satellite spending
Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[13][14][15]
This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.
- The Congressional Leadership Fund (CLF)[16]
- The CLF spent $270,000 on September 11 for ads opposing Harley Rouda.
- The CLF spent nearly $450,000 in early September on a negative ad campaign against Harley Rouda.
- The CLF spent more than $650,000 in mid-August on an ad campaign targeting Harley Rouda for his business practices.
- The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC)[16]
- The DCCC spent nearly $400,000 on an anti-Rohrabacher ad campaign September 13.
- Everytown for Gun Safety disclosed $238,000 in spending on digital ads to support Harley Rouda on September 17.
- The House Majority PAC launched a $2.7 million ad campaign opposing Dana Rohrabacher on October 9.[17]
- Michael Bloomberg's Independence PAC spent $4.3 million opposing Dana Rohrabacher on October 25.[18]
- The League of Conservation Voters included the district in a $275,000 digital ad campaign criticizing California Republicans for their positions on environmental policy.[19]
- Red to Blue launched a six-figure digital ad campaign in September that tied Rohrabacher to Russian President Vladimir Putin.[20]
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[21]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[22][23][24]
Race ratings: California's 48th Congressional District election, 2018 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Race tracker | Race ratings | |||
October 30, 2018 | October 23, 2018 | October 16, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | |
The Cook Political Report | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up |
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Tilt Democratic | Tilt Democratic | Tilt Democratic | Tilt Democratic |
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up |
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season. |
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+4, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 4 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made California's 48th Congressional District the 202nd most Republican nationally.[25]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.99. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.99 points toward that party.[26]
Noteworthy endorsements
This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.
Noteworthy general election endorsements | ||
---|---|---|
Endorsement | Rouda (D) | Rohrabacher (R) |
Elected officials | ||
President Donald Trump (R)[27] | ✔ | |
Former President Barack Obama (D)[28] | ✔ | |
Newspapers | ||
The Orange County Register[29] | ✔ |
Click here to see a list of endorsements in the June 5 top-two primary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Timeline
- November 4, 2018: A New York Times/Siena College poll showed Rouda with 46 percent and Rohrabacher with 45 percent. The margin of error was 4.7 percentage points.
- October 28, 2018: The Orange County Register endorsed Rohrabacher.
- October 25, 2018: Michael Bloomberg's Independence PAC spent $4.3 million opposing Dana Rohrabacher.
- October 23, 2018: A Monmouth University poll showed Rohrabacher with 50 percent and Rouda with 48 percent. The margin of error was 7.2 percentage points.
- October 17, 2018: RNC Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel campaigned for Rohrabacher in Laguna Niguel.[38]
- October 15, 2018: Rouda reported raising $3.2 million in third quarter of 2018. Rohrabacher reported raising about $420,000.[39]
- October 9, 2018: House Majority PAC launched a $2.7 million television ad campaign opposing Dana Rohrabacher.[17]
- October 4, 2018: A poll from UC Berkeley’s Institute for Governmental Studies and the Los Angeles Times found Rohrabacher and Rouda with 48 percent each. The margin of error was 5 percentage points.
- September 13, 2018: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee launched a $400,000 anti-Rohrabacher ad campaign.
- September 11, 2018: The Congressional Leadership Fund disclosed $270,000 in spending opposing Harley
- September 8, 2018: Harley Rouda attended an Orange County fundraiser featuring former President Barack Obama.[40]
- September 6, 2018: A Siena College poll found Harley Rouda and Dana Rohrabacher with 45 percent each while 10 percent of voters were undecided.
- August 1, 2018: Former President Barack Obama (D) endorsed Harley Rouda.
- July 17, 2018: Monmouth University released the results of a poll of 361 likely voters conducted between July 11 and July 15. The poll found that 47 percent would vote for Harley Rouda while 45 percent would vote for Dana Rohrabacher and 8 percent were undecided.
Policy stances
This section summarizes candidate positions on select policy issues discussed over the course of the election. If you are aware of a significant policy issue in this race, please email us.
Impeachment of Donald Trump
Harley Rouda
At a debate in March 2018, Rouda said President Donald Trump was the greatest threat to the country and should be impeached. He added, "I do believe Donald Trump is the greatest threat to our security right now. His behavior, his character, or lack thereof, his constant prodding and childlike behavior, is not acceptable for the presidency of the United States."[41]
Dana Rohrabacher
Rohrabacher supported President Donald Trump. He said Trump's 2018 State of the Union address would be remembered as one of the best ever.[42]
Campaign advertisements
This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.
Harley Rouda
Support
"Punch" - Rouda campaign ad, released September 26, 2018
|
"Jobs" - Rouda campaign ad, released August 30, 2018
|
"Rouda vs. Rohrabacher Debate: Moderated by Jason Alexander" - Rouda campaign ad, released May 24, 2018
|
Oppose
"Can't be Trusted" - Congressional Leadership Fund campaign ad, released October 16, 2018
|
"Krista" - Congressional Leadership Fund campaign ad, released September 25, 2018
|
"Wrongful Termination" - Congressional Leadership Fund campaign ad, released September 4, 2018
|
"Shady" - Congressional Leadership Fund campaign ad, released August 16, 2018, 2018
|
Dana Rohrabacher
Support
"Healthcare is Personal For Me" - Rohrabacher campaign ad, released October 2, 2018
|
Oppose
"Luxury Space" - House Majority PAC campaign ad, released October 9, 2018
|
"Smoke & Fire" - League of Conservation Voters campaign ad, released September 17, 2018
|
"Out There" - Priorities USA campaign ad, released September 16, 2018
|
"Years" - DCCC campaign ad, released September 12, 2018
|
"The Russian Federation is proud to endorse Dana Rohrabacher for Congress" - Red to Blue ad, released September 10, 2018
|
"Took" - Rouda campaign ad, released August 29, 2018
|
Orange County Conservatives are Thinking Differently this election. On Wednesday night, you'll see a world premiere video of Orange County voters and the issues that are most urgent to them. Check out the preview below! pic.twitter.com/IgqpkTJAo3
— Harley Rouda (@HarleyRouda) October 8, 2018
Media coverage
- Jennifer Medina, New York Times (September 7, 2018): "Harley Rouda may not fit the image of a liberal hero. For decades, he was a registered Republican and in 2016 donated money to the presidential hopeful John Kasich. He is a real estate executive opposed to rent control. He regularly appears at campaign events with a white pocket square tucked into his conservative dark suit, even in the sweltering Southern California summer heat. But Mr. Rouda is the Democrats’ best chance in three decades to unseat the Republican congressman Dana Rohrabacher..."[8]
Campaign themes
Harley Rouda
Rouda's campaign website stated the following:
“ |
Gun Violence Read Harley's full statement on Gun Violence prevention here. Economy Education Read the full Education Plan here. Environment Read more in Harley's Op-Eds on protecting the environment and supporting scientific research. Foreign Affairs Women’s Issues Healthcare I support Medicare for All. I am also committed to enhancing the accessibility of safe and dependable addiction treatment. Read more here. Read more in Harley's Op-Eds on repealing the Affordable Care Act and protecting women's healthcare. LGBTQ Immigration Holding Donald Trump Accountable We must hold Donald Trump and his administration accountable for all their actions. Voters in our district tell me that the standard has been met for impeachment. He's lied about his team's connections with Russia, he's admitted to firing James Comey to try and stop the investigation, and his reckless tweets threaten our national security. I’m often reminded that our country has impeached presidents for far less. End Citizens United |
” |
—Harley Rouda’s campaign website (2018)[44] |
Dana Rohrabacher
Rohrabacher's campaign website stated the following:
“ |
Enactment of Omnibus Appropriations bill: June, 2017: o Provides discretionary funding for remainder of FY ’17 (through September 30, 2017). o Rep. Rohrabacher’s achievements in bill: Continued protection from federal prosecution for patients, physicians, veterans, doctors, etc., acting in compliance with their state’s medical marijuana laws. $2 billion increase in funding for National Institutes of Health. House passage and enactment of “Weather Research & Forecasting Innovation Act” (H.R. 353). o Included in bill was the “Tsunami Warning, Education, and Research Act of 2017,” which was co-sponsored and pushed through the House Science Committee by Reps. Rohrabacher and Bonamici (D-OR). House passage and enactment of “National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017” (S. 422). o First NASA authorization enacted since 2010. o Included a reiteration of a commitment to the fullest commercial use of space—something Rep. Rohrabacher has long championed. House passage and enactment of legislation (H.J.Res. 43) that reverses an Obama Administration rule, so that moving forward, states will have a greater ability to restrict tax dollars from going to abortion providers. House passage and enactment of legislation (H.J.Res. 58) that would roll back an Obama Administration rule that sought to impose additional federal mandates and control on local schools. House passage and enactment of legislation (H.J.Res. 44) that eliminates an Obama Administration rule that would have overhauled existing resource management regulations of federal lands while reducing input from local communities. House passage of FY ’18 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 1810), which sets spending parameters and policy for the Department of Defense. o Two Rohrabacher amendments adopted: (1) a sense of Congress declaring Dr. Shakil Afridi an international hero and calling on Pakistan to release him immediately from prison, and (2) a prohibition on the transfer of certain funds to Pakistan until and unless the Secretary of Defense certifies that Pakistan is not using funds or equipment to persecute religious and ethnic minorities. House passage of H.R. 23, the GROW Act, which would change law in several instances in an effort to increase (1) water storage capacity throughout California and the West, and (2) water flows throughout California and the West. The legislation would accomplish these goals by streamlining bureaucratic and environmental processes and relying on better science to determine appropriate water flows. o Rep. Rohrabacher was an original co-sponsor of this legislation and spoke in favor of its enactment. House passage of H.R. 1873, the Electricity Reliability and Forest Protection Act—LaMalfa (R-CA): the legislation amends current law to streamline and improve the approval process for engaging in vegetation management on electric rights-of-way located on federal lands. Enactment into law of S. 1094, the Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017—Rubio (R-FL): the legislation would institute a number of reforms to empower the Secretary of the VA with enhanced authority to remove, demote, or suspend any VA employee for poor performance or misconduct. The legislation also provides additional protections for whistleblowers and implements additional measures that may be used to punish poor performance, misconduct, or employees who are convicted of a felony that influences his/her job at the VA. House passage of the American Health Care Act. The Senate is now working to pass its version of healthcare reform
Problems with the Veterans Administration U. S. Representative Dana Rohrabacher has an unyielding record of supporting America’s courageous men and women serving in the United States’ Armed Forces. The Congressman moved toward fresolving the problem of mistreatment of many veterans who suffered mistreatment from the Veterans Administration since the disclosure of this issue. Congressman Rohrabacher not only called for the resignation and replacement of Secretary Shinseki by co-sponsoring H.Con.Res.98, but he also voted in support of H.R. 3230, signed into law on August 7, 2014. He also provided supplemental and new authorities to the Veterans Administration to resolve their ongoing problems.
In general, Representative Rohrabacher supported appropriations bills before the House, in which spending remained at or below the previous year’s level of spending. However, bills that provide funding for veterans programs remain exceptions to this general rule. In this view, lawmakers need to remain committed to refraining from growing the size and scope of the federal government to reduce the deficit and pay down the national debt. However, appropriations bills (discretionary spending) are only one part of a very large federal budget. In order to limit government growth, lawmakers must also reign in mandatory spending, which accounts for well over half of the total federal budget.
The House passed a handful of individual bills to extend—on a permanent basis—various tax provisions, which demonstrate proof that they have helped American families and businesses in the past. For example, the House has passed and Congressman Rohrabacher has supported H.R. 3393, which consolidates and extends four higher education tax benefits. He supported H.R. 4457, which allows businesses to expense certain purchases, and H.R. 4438, which simplifies and extends the research tax credit. Instead of adopting these bills, the Senate chose to push for a larger comprehensive package of “tax extender” provisions in one piece of legislation.
The threat of a depletion of the Federal Highway Trust Fund is also bona fide. Current projections indicate the fund will deplete (and only make expenditures at the rate at which revenue came in) on August 1, unless Congress acts to supplement the trust fund. The House took the lead by passing H.R. 5021 on July 15, 2014. This would transfer nearly $8 billion from the general fund to the Highway Trust Fund, while fully offsetting the expenditures, providing sufficient funding to the trust fund through the end of May 2015. The Senate first amended the House bill to provide enough funding only through December 19, but eventually acceded to the House’s version. Thus, the trust fund now has sufficient funds to continue its normal transportation infrastructure activities through the end of May of next year.
Congressman Rohrabacher continues to take very seriously issues regarding the revelation of the NSA’s surveillance activities. For example, he has co-sponsored two bills—H.R. 1852 and H.R. 3361—to prevent the ongoing abuses. He has also voted in favor of Rep. Massie’s amendment to the 2015 Department of Defense (DOD) Appropriations bill. This amendment would prohibit funding for conducting warrantless searches of government databases for information that pertains to U.S. citizens. Rep. Massie’s amendment passed overwhelmingly, 293-213, on June 19, 2014. However, there is much more work to do. The amendment, which is not in effect, only pertains to DOD appropriations. A more permanent change to the law is necessary to end this government overreach for good.
Congressman Rohrabacher, a staunch advocate for legal immigration, continues to support a viable and equitable immigration system. At the same time, he continues to oppose adamantly any form of amnesty toward any individuals here illegally. The crisis at the Southern Border of the United States remains an unfortunate situation, which our country could have prevented in the first place. Benefitting from federal, state, and local programs and the allure of good-paying jobs in the United States remains one of the major incentives for illegal immigration. This is why Congressman Rohrabacher introduced and pushed for the enactment of his own bill, H.R. 2745, “No Social Security for Illegal Immigrants.” Congressman Rohrabacher also remains a longtime supporter of mandatory E-Verify. In response to the immediate threat we face at our Southern Border with respect to unaccompanied minors, Representative Rohrabacher co-sponsored two pieces of legislation. H.R. 5160 prevents the President from expanding his deferred action plan for children—created by Executive Memorandum on August 15, 2012—and H.R. 5079. This bill would treat undocumented immigrant children from non-contiguous countries the same as those from contiguous countries—Mexico and Canada—providing for a more efficient process for deporting such undocumented and unaccompanied children. Finally, Congressman Rohrabacher voted in favor of two House bills considered during the last week of July, 2014 that look to solve the crisis. The first, H.R. 5230, would provide supplemental appropriations to finance additional border patrol, deportation, and temporary assistance for the unaccompanied children, while also including provisions similar to H.R. 5079 described above. The second, H.R. 5272, is similar to H.R. 5160 described above. Bills—H.R. 5230 and H.R. 5272—passed the House on August 1, 2014, and continue to await further action in the Senate. [43] |
” |
—Dana Rohrabacher’s campaign website (2018)[45] |
Twitter accounts
Tweets by Harley Rouda Tweets by Dana Rohrabacher
Facebook accounts
Click the icons below to visit the candidates' Facebook pages.
Republican district won by Hillary Clinton
This district was one of 25 Republican-held U.S. House districts that Hillary Clinton (D) won in the 2016 presidential election.[46] Nearly all were expected to be among the House's most competitive elections in 2018.
Click on the table below to see the full list of districts.
Click here to see the 13 Democratic-held U.S. House districts that Donald Trump (R) won.
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
There are no Pivot Counties in California. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won California with 61.7 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 31.6 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, California voted Republican 53.33 percent of the time and Democratic 43.33 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, California voted Democratic all five times. In 2016, California had 55 electoral votes, which was the most of any state. The 55 electoral votes were 10.2 percent of all 538 available electoral votes and were 20.4 percent of the 270 electoral votes needed to win the election.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state Assembly districts in California. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[51][52]
In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 58 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 38.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 66 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 40.3 points. Clinton won 11 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 22 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 12.2 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 14 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 13 points.
2016 Presidential Results by State Assembly District | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
1 | 39.63% | 57.31% | R+17.7 | 36.09% | 56.75% | R+20.7 | R |
2 | 64.68% | 30.51% | D+34.2 | 62.20% | 28.98% | D+33.2 | D |
3 | 42.41% | 54.46% | R+12.1 | 39.47% | 53.31% | R+13.8 | R |
4 | 63.16% | 33.86% | D+29.3 | 63.03% | 29.95% | D+33.1 | D |
5 | 41.27% | 55.92% | R+14.7 | 38.51% | 54.85% | R+16.3 | R |
6 | 38.59% | 59.09% | R+20.5 | 41.17% | 52.02% | R+10.9 | R |
7 | 67.59% | 29.61% | D+38 | 67.63% | 25.69% | D+41.9 | D |
8 | 51.72% | 45.62% | D+6.1 | 51.77% | 41.03% | D+10.7 | D |
9 | 60.56% | 37.52% | D+23 | 61.47% | 32.89% | D+28.6 | D |
10 | 73.76% | 23.28% | D+50.5 | 75.65% | 17.96% | D+57.7 | D |
11 | 60.96% | 36.87% | D+24.1 | 58.86% | 35.17% | D+23.7 | D |
12 | 45.19% | 52.50% | R+7.3 | 43.11% | 51.05% | R+7.9 | R |
13 | 64.23% | 33.88% | D+30.4 | 62.97% | 31.79% | D+31.2 | D |
14 | 68.80% | 28.72% | D+40.1 | 69.55% | 24.47% | D+45.1 | D |
15 | 86.82% | 9.56% | D+77.3 | 87.39% | 7.04% | D+80.4 | D |
16 | 57.74% | 40.10% | D+17.6 | 64.47% | 29.23% | D+35.2 | R |
17 | 87.07% | 9.36% | D+77.7 | 88.12% | 6.95% | D+81.2 | D |
18 | 86.89% | 10.23% | D+76.7 | 85.89% | 8.44% | D+77.5 | D |
19 | 78.94% | 18.38% | D+60.6 | 81.63% | 13.34% | D+68.3 | D |
20 | 75.74% | 22.15% | D+53.6 | 75.52% | 19.12% | D+56.4 | D |
21 | 55.61% | 42.03% | D+13.6 | 54.63% | 39.46% | D+15.2 | D |
22 | 71.43% | 26.31% | D+45.1 | 75.16% | 19.75% | D+55.4 | D |
23 | 43.46% | 54.71% | R+11.2 | 43.95% | 50.78% | R+6.8 | R |
24 | 72.16% | 24.96% | D+47.2 | 78.19% | 15.93% | D+62.3 | D |
25 | 72.40% | 25.26% | D+47.1 | 73.61% | 20.90% | D+52.7 | D |
26 | 41.15% | 56.68% | R+15.5 | 41.54% | 52.93% | R+11.4 | R |
27 | 76.36% | 21.54% | D+54.8 | 77.76% | 17.29% | D+60.5 | D |
28 | 66.64% | 30.77% | D+35.9 | 70.63% | 23.08% | D+47.6 | D |
29 | 69.95% | 26.66% | D+43.3 | 70.00% | 22.96% | D+47 | D |
30 | 66.99% | 30.86% | D+36.1 | 66.70% | 27.32% | D+39.4 | D |
31 | 61.98% | 36.21% | D+25.8 | 62.13% | 32.93% | D+29.2 | D |
32 | 56.20% | 41.81% | D+14.4 | 56.50% | 37.98% | D+18.5 | D |
33 | 41.80% | 55.51% | R+13.7 | 40.02% | 54.61% | R+14.6 | R |
34 | 33.96% | 63.85% | R+29.9 | 34.07% | 60.21% | R+26.1 | R |
35 | 47.82% | 49.42% | R+1.6 | 49.57% | 43.43% | D+6.1 | R |
36 | 48.79% | 48.48% | D+0.3 | 49.94% | 43.86% | D+6.1 | R |
37 | 60.97% | 36.28% | D+24.7 | 64.27% | 29.21% | D+35.1 | D |
38 | 46.73% | 50.84% | R+4.1 | 49.64% | 44.39% | D+5.2 | R |
39 | 73.75% | 23.67% | D+50.1 | 74.64% | 19.80% | D+54.8 | D |
40 | 53.14% | 44.72% | D+8.4 | 54.08% | 40.01% | D+14.1 | R |
41 | 59.74% | 37.72% | D+22 | 62.82% | 31.27% | D+31.5 | D |
42 | 44.98% | 52.93% | R+7.9 | 45.61% | 49.70% | R+4.1 | R |
43 | 67.35% | 29.62% | D+37.7 | 68.94% | 25.45% | D+43.5 | D |
44 | 52.37% | 45.51% | D+6.9 | 57.12% | 36.99% | D+20.1 | D |
45 | 63.46% | 34.12% | D+29.3 | 67.36% | 27.39% | D+40 | D |
46 | 73.73% | 23.65% | D+50.1 | 76.20% | 18.48% | D+57.7 | D |
47 | 71.49% | 26.54% | D+44.9 | 70.10% | 24.80% | D+45.3 | D |
48 | 64.08% | 33.44% | D+30.6 | 65.60% | 28.50% | D+37.1 | D |
49 | 64.69% | 33.26% | D+31.4 | 67.57% | 27.17% | D+40.4 | D |
50 | 70.79% | 26.51% | D+44.3 | 76.72% | 18.33% | D+58.4 | D |
51 | 83.48% | 13.50% | D+70 | 84.05% | 10.19% | D+73.9 | D |
52 | 65.01% | 32.92% | D+32.1 | 65.78% | 28.71% | D+37.1 | D |
53 | 84.64% | 12.59% | D+72 | 84.83% | 9.63% | D+75.2 | D |
54 | 83.62% | 13.88% | D+69.7 | 85.15% | 10.12% | D+75 | D |
55 | 45.77% | 52.23% | R+6.5 | 49.92% | 44.61% | D+5.3 | R |
56 | 62.14% | 36.26% | D+25.9 | 64.21% | 31.24% | D+33 | D |
57 | 63.71% | 34.01% | D+29.7 | 65.92% | 28.39% | D+37.5 | D |
58 | 70.24% | 27.80% | D+42.4 | 72.54% | 22.26% | D+50.3 | D |
59 | 93.24% | 5.19% | D+88 | 90.70% | 5.09% | D+85.6 | D |
60 | 51.32% | 46.31% | D+5 | 52.48% | 41.97% | D+10.5 | D |
61 | 63.43% | 34.55% | D+28.9 | 62.47% | 31.62% | D+30.9 | D |
62 | 80.81% | 17.00% | D+63.8 | 82.05% | 13.06% | D+69 | D |
63 | 76.06% | 21.73% | D+54.3 | 77.35% | 17.38% | D+60 | D |
64 | 88.74% | 9.98% | D+78.8 | 86.21% | 9.61% | D+76.6 | D |
65 | 51.90% | 45.68% | D+6.2 | 56.73% | 37.28% | D+19.4 | D |
66 | 54.18% | 43.24% | D+10.9 | 59.97% | 33.60% | D+26.4 | D |
67 | 39.61% | 58.33% | R+18.7 | 38.89% | 55.94% | R+17.1 | R |
68 | 42.55% | 55.12% | R+12.6 | 49.42% | 44.58% | D+4.8 | R |
69 | 67.37% | 30.30% | D+37.1 | 71.94% | 22.33% | D+49.6 | D |
70 | 67.38% | 29.93% | D+37.5 | 68.13% | 25.09% | D+43 | D |
71 | 38.47% | 59.51% | R+21 | 38.19% | 56.26% | R+18.1 | R |
72 | 46.71% | 51.06% | R+4.4 | 51.40% | 43.13% | D+8.3 | R |
73 | 38.68% | 59.36% | R+20.7 | 43.89% | 50.38% | R+6.5 | R |
74 | 45.14% | 52.42% | R+7.3 | 50.71% | 43.29% | D+7.4 | R |
75 | 39.42% | 58.50% | R+19.1 | 43.22% | 50.68% | R+7.5 | R |
76 | 48.76% | 49.04% | R+0.3 | 53.11% | 40.38% | D+12.7 | R |
77 | 48.25% | 49.83% | R+1.6 | 55.16% | 38.94% | D+16.2 | R |
78 | 63.15% | 34.08% | D+29.1 | 67.48% | 25.85% | D+41.6 | D |
79 | 61.21% | 36.91% | D+24.3 | 64.24% | 30.04% | D+34.2 | D |
80 | 69.47% | 28.67% | D+40.8 | 73.15% | 21.34% | D+51.8 | D |
Total | 60.35% | 37.19% | D+23.2 | 62.25% | 31.89% | D+30.4 | - |
Source: Daily Kos |
District history
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Dana Rohrabacher (R) defeated Suzanne Savary (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Rohrabacher and Savary defeated Robert John Banuelos (D) in the top-two primary on June 7, 2016.[53][54]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Dana Rohrabacher Incumbent | 58.3% | 178,701 | |
Democratic | Suzanne Savary | 41.7% | 127,715 | |
Total Votes | 306,416 | |||
Source: California Secretary of State |
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Dana Rohrabacher Incumbent | 56.6% | 92,815 | |
Democratic | Suzanne Savary | 28.9% | 47,395 | |
Democratic | Robert Banuelos | 14.5% | 23,867 | |
Total Votes | 164,077 | |||
Source: California Secretary of State |
2014
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Dana Rohrabacher Incumbent | 64.1% | 112,082 | |
Democratic | Sue Savary | 35.9% | 62,713 | |
Total Votes | 174,795 | |||
Source: California Secretary of State |
State overview
Partisan control
This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in California heading into the 2018 elections.
Congressional delegation
- Following the 2016 elections, Democrats held both U.S. Senate seats in California.
- Democrats held 39 of 53 U.S. House seats in California.
State executives
- As of May 2018, Democrats held seven of 10 state executive positions and the remaining three positions were officially nonpartisan.
- The governor of California was Democrat Jerry Brown.
State legislature
- Democrats controlled both chambers of the California State Legislature. They had a 55-25 majority in the state Assembly and a 27-13 majority in the state Senate.
Trifecta status
- California was a state government trifecta, meaning that Democrats held the governorship and majorities in the state house and state senate.
2018 elections
- See also: California elections, 2018
California held elections for the following positions in 2018:
- 1 Senate seat
- 53 U.S. House seats
- Governor
- Seven other state executive positions
- 20 of 40 state Senate seats
- 80 state Assembly seats
- Two state Supreme Court justices
- 35 state Court of Appeals judges
- Local trial court judges
- School board members
Demographics
Demographic data for California | ||
---|---|---|
California | U.S. | |
Total population: | 38,993,940 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 155,779 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 61.8% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 5.9% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 13.7% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.7% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0.4% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 4.5% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 38.4% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 81.8% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 31.4% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $61,818 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 18.2% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in California. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
As of July 2016, California had a population of approximately 39,000,000 people, with its three largest cities being Los Angeles (pop. est. 4.0 million), San Diego (pop. est. 1.4 million), and San Jose (pop. est. 1 million).[55][56]
State election history
This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in California from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the California Secretary of State.
Historical elections
Presidential elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the presidential election in California every year from 2000 to 2016.
Election results (President of the United States), California 2000-2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
2016 | Hillary Clinton | 61.7% | Donald Trump | 31.6% | 30.1% |
2012 | Barack Obama | 60.2% | Mitt Romney | 37.1% | 23.1% |
2008 | Barack Obama | 61.1% | John McCain | 37% | 24.1% |
2004 | John Kerry | 54.4% | George W. Bush | 44.4% | 10% |
2000 | Al Gore | 53.5% | George W. Bush | 41.7% | 11.8% |
U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in California from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.
Election results (U.S. Senator), California 2000-2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
2016 | Kamala Harris | 61.6% | Loretta Sanchez | 38.4% | 23.2% |
2012 | Dianne Feinstein | 62.5% | Elizabeth Emken | 37.5% | 25% |
2010 | Barbara Boxer | 52.2% | Carly Fiorina | 42.2% | 10% |
2006 | Dianne Feinstein | 59.5% | Richard Mountjoy | 35.1% | 24.4% |
2004 | Barbara Boxer | 57.8% | Bill Jones | 37.8% | 20% |
2000 | Dianne Feinstein | 55.9% | Tom Campbell | 36.6% | 19.3% |
Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in California.
Election results (Governor), California 2000-2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
2014 | Jerry Brown | 60% | Neel Kashkari | 40% | 20% |
2010 | Jerry Brown | 53.8% | Meg Whitman | 40.9% | 12.9% |
2006 | Arnold Schwarzenegger | 55.9% | Phil Angelides | 39.0% | 16.9% |
2002 | Gray Davis | 47.3% | Bill Simon | 42.4% | 4.9% |
Congressional delegation, 2000-2016
This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent California in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.
Trifectas, 1992-2017
A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.
California Party Control: 1992-2025
Twenty years with Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Assembly | D | D | D | S | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
See also
- California's 48th Congressional District election (June 5, 2018 top-two primary)
- United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2018
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
Footnotes
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for the 2016 and 2012 elections," accessed November 9, 2017
- ↑ California Redistricting Map, "Map," accessed September 25, 2012
- ↑ The Laguna Beach Indy, "Rouda Steps Up to Challenge Rohrabacher," March 2, 2017
- ↑ Harley Rouda for Congress, "About Harley," accessed September 15, 2018
- ↑ Harley Rouda for Congress, "Meet Harley Rouda," accessed September 15, 2018
- ↑ Harley Rouda for Congress, "Why I'm Running," accessed September 15, 2018
- ↑ CNN, "A Republican stronghold has become ground zero in 2018," September 18, 2018
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 New York Times, "He’s a Former Republican Taking On Dana Rohrabacher. Can He Win?" September 7, 2018
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Dana Rohrabacher," accessed November 14, 2011
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Dana Rohrabacher for Congress, "Home," accessed September 15, 2018
- ↑ Dana Rohrabacher for Congress, "Why I'm Running," accessed September 15, 2018
- ↑ YouTube, "Healthcare is Personal For Me," October 2, 2018
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 ProPublica, "CA-48 outside spending," accessed September 14, 2018
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 House Majority PAC, "HMP Launches $20 Million Media Blitz in 13 Districts," October 9, 2018
- ↑ Politico, "KNIGHT-HILL race is priciest in Calif. -- BLOOMBERG throws in $4 mil. more for CA-48 -- POLL: HARDER 47, DENHAM 45 -- SCHWARZENEGGER backs KASICH, POIZNER -- SILICON VALLEY pressured over SAUDI ties," October 25, 2018
- ↑ Politico, "New polls shows Cruz leading O’Rourke, Evers leading Walker," September 19, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "California Dem PAC hits Rohrabacher with Russia parody ads," September 11, 2018
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ Twitter, "Donald Trump on November 4, 2018"
- ↑ Harley Rouda, "Endorsements," accessed May 30, 2018
- ↑ The Observer, "Dana Rohrabacher Receives World’s Most Backhanded Endorsement From His Hometown Paper," October 30, 2018
- ↑ Dr. Hans Keirstead, "Endorsements," accessed May 30, 2018
- ↑ Rachel Payne, "Endorsements," accessed May 30, 2018
- ↑ Harley Rouda, "Endorsements," accessed May 30, 2018
- ↑ Scott Baugh for Congress, "Endorsements," accessed May 30, 2018
- ↑ CNN, "Indivisible backs Rohrabacher challenger as progressives vie to unseat old Democratic kingmakers," May 2, 2018
- ↑ Facebook, "Dr. Hans Keirstead for Congress," April 18, 2018
- ↑ Orange County Breeze, "California College Republicans endorse Dana Rohrabacher for Congress in California's 48th District," March 27, 2018
- ↑ Twitter, "Brandon Reiser on January 16, 2018," accessed January 27, 2018
- ↑ Orange County Register, "Republican national boss to stump for Rohrabacher in Laguna Niguel in razor-thin House race," October 15, 2018
- ↑ Politico, "DEMS win MONEYBALL in Calif. House races -- POIZNER up with first TV spots -- PROP 13 redux on horizon? -- BROWN's oral history on the way -- GOP takes GAS TAX REPEAL to the pump," October 16, 2018
- ↑ Politico, "HARRIS intrigues with KAVANAUGH questions -- DE LEÓN ramps it up against FEINSTEIN -- TAUSCHER: 'Anonymous' op-ed 'an Ivy League coup' -- SPEIER’s new bio due," August 6, 2018
- ↑ Washington Free Beacon, "Steyer to Hold Calif. Fundraiser With House Challengers Quiet on Impeachment," September 5, 2018
- ↑ YouTube, "Rep. Rohrabacher responds to President Trump’s first State of the Union Address," February 1, 2018
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Harley Rouda for Congress, “Issues,” accessed September 14, 2018
- ↑ Dana Rohrabacher for Congress, “Issues,” accessed September 14 2018
- ↑ This figure includes Pennsylvania districts that were redrawn by the state Supreme Court in early 2018 and districts that flipped in special elections.
- ↑ The new 1st district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 8th District held by Fitzpatrick. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 5th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 7th District held by Meehan. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 6th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 6th District held by Costello. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 7th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 15th District held by Dent. Click here to read more.
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Certified List of Candidates for Voter-Nominated Offices June 7, 2016, Presidential Primary Election," accessed April 4, 2016
- ↑ The New York Times, "California Primary Results," June 7, 2016
- ↑ California Demographics, "California Cities by Population," accessed April 2, 2018
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Quickfacts California," accessed April 2, 2018
Senators
Representatives
Democratic Party (45)
Republican Party (9)