The Hawaii Environment and Resource Protection, Amendment 23, also known as Amendment 23, was on the ballot in Hawaii on November 7, 1978, as a convention referred constitutional amendment. It was approved. The amendment proposed two new additions to the constitution: Article XI, Sections 1 and 9. The amendment would require that the state and counties to conserve and protect the natural beauty and natural resources of Hawaii; it would require the state to promote the development and use of these resources, if it is consistent with conserving these resources and promoting the self-sufficiency of the state; it would require the state to hold public natural resources in trust for the benefit of the people of Hawaii; it would give each person the right to clean and healthful environment, which will be defined by law; and it would give the right to each person to sue to enforce this right but the legislature may limit and regulate this right in a reasonable manner.[1]
Election results
| Hawaii Amendment 23 (1978) |
|---|
| Result | Votes | Percentage |
 Yes | 156,153 | 61.91% |
| No | 96,073 | 38.09% |
Election results via: Referenda and Primary Elections for Hawaii, 1968-1990
See also
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