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Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikimedia Commons

  • ️Thu Sep 02 2010

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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 

historical multinational monarchist state in Central Europe (Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania)

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Instance of
Capital
Basic form of government
Legislative body
Official language
Anthem
  • Gaude Mater Polonia
Currency
Has part(s)
Inception
  • 11 June 1569
Dissolved, abolished or demolished date
  • 24 October 1795
Population
  • 7,500,000 (1580)
  • 11,000,000 (1650)
  • 12,300,000 (1771)
Area
  • 865,000 km² (1580)
  • 878,000 km² (1650)
  • 718,000 km² (1771)
Follows
Replaces
Different from
Map50° 03′ 00″ N, 19° 56′ 00″ E
Authority file

Wikidata Q172107
VIAF cluster ID: 280847926
GND ID: 1060577984
NL CR AUT ID: xx0271930

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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or Commonwealth of Both Nations) was a federal aristocratic republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569 with roots in the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1387, lasting until 1795.

  • After the Treaty of Dywilino

    After the Treaty of Dywilino

  • Voivodeships

    Voivodeships

  • Commonwealth of Both Nations at the peak of its strength

    Commonwealth of Both Nations at the peak of its strength

  • Borders of the Commonwealth in 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders

    Borders of the Commonwealth in 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders

  • Commonwealth during The Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising

    Commonwealth during The Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising

  • First partition

    First partition

  • Second partition

    Second partition

  • Third partition

    Third partition

  • Partitions of Poland - English map from the 18th century

    Partitions of Poland - English map from the 18th century

  • The Marshal's cane was the insignium of the power in the parliament

    The Marshal's cane was the insignium of the power in the parliament

  • Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, 1667

    Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, 1667

  • Franciszek Bieliński, 18th century

    Franciszek Bieliński, 18th century

  • Senate session in the Jasna Góra Monastery, 1661

    Senate session in the Jasna Góra Monastery, 1661

  • Senate Chamber at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, second half of the 16th century

    Senate Chamber at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, second half of the 16th century

  • Old Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 16th century (demolished)

    Old Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 16th century (demolished)

  • New Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1733

    New Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1733

Chamber of Deputies

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  • Diet (Seym) session (two chambers together) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1622

    Diet (Seym) session (two chambers together) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1622

  • Chamber of Deputies at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, first half of the 16th century

    Chamber of Deputies at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, first half of the 16th century

  • Old Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, first half of the 16th century

    Old Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, first half of the 16th century

  • New Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 17th century

    New Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 17th century

Civitates Orbis Terrarum

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  • Cracovia

  • Gedanvm

  • Grodna

  • Leopolis

  • Lvblinesi

  • Posnania

  • Varsovia

  • Vilna

  • Infanta Anna Jagiellon

  • Tsarina Marina Mniszech

  • Urszula Meyerin

  • Queen Constance of Austria

  • Elisabeth Sophie Hohenzollern

  • Raina Movilă of Moldavia

    Raina Movilă of Moldavia

  • Princess Anna Vasa of Sweden

  • Katarzyna Potocka and Maria Lupu of Moldavia

    Katarzyna Potocka and Maria Lupu of Moldavia

  • Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga de Nevers

  • Katarzyna von Bessen Denhoffowa

    Katarzyna von Bessen Denhoffowa

  • Klara Izabella de Mailly Lascaris

    Klara Izabella de Mailly Lascaris

  • Queen Marie Casimire d'Arquien

  • Elżbieta Sieniawska

  • Katarzyna Opalińska

  • Maria Leszczyńska

  • Maria Karolina Sobieska

  • Anna Orzelska

  • Rozalia Lubomirska

  • Izabela Lubomirska

  • Izabela Poniatowska

  • Dorothea von Medem

  • Izabela Czartoryska

  • Przybyła Granary in Kazimierz Dolny, 1591

    Przybyła Granary in Kazimierz Dolny, 1591

  • Allegory of Gdańsk trade, 1608

    Allegory of Gdańsk trade, 1608

  • Lamentation over the dead credit, ca. 1655

    Lamentation over the dead credit, ca. 1655

  • Kretkowski-Guldenstern carpet, ca. 1667

    Kretkowski-Guldenstern carpet, ca. 1667

  • Fortifications of Zamość, 1617

    Fortifications of Zamość, 1617

  • Fortified Krzyżtopór Palace, 1655

    Fortified Krzyżtopór Palace, 1655

  • Fortifications of the Holy Trinity, 1660s

    Fortifications of the Holy Trinity, 1660s

  • Fortifications of Gdańsk, 1740

    Fortifications of Gdańsk, 1740

  • Black House in Lviv, Pietro di Barbona, 1588–1589

    Black House in Lviv, Pietro di Barbona, 1588–1589

  • Golden House in Gdańsk, Abraham van den Blocke, 1609–1618

    Golden House in Gdańsk, Abraham van den Blocke, 1609–1618

  • Star House in Toruń, 1697

    Star House in Toruń, 1697

  • Prażmowski House in Warsaw, Jakub Fontana, 1754

    Prażmowski House in Warsaw, Jakub Fontana, 1754

  • Manor house in Czarnożyły, 17th century

    Manor house in Czarnożyły, 17th century

  • St. Paraskeva Church in Kwiatoń, 1700

    St. Paraskeva Church in Kwiatoń, 1700

  • Carmelite Church in Kėdainiai, 1703-1766

    Carmelite Church in Kėdainiai, 1703-1766

  • Synagogue in Gąbin, 1710

    Synagogue in Gąbin, 1710

  • Town Hall in Zamość, Bernardo Morando and Jan Jaroszewicz, 1591–1651

    Town Hall in Zamość, Bernardo Morando and Jan Jaroszewicz, 1591–1651

  • Town Hall in Mahilyow, Master Kruzberg of Bykhaw, 1679–1692

    Town Hall in Mahilyow, Master Kruzberg of Bykhaw, 1679–1692

  • Town Hall in Buchach, Bernard Meretyn, 1750-1751

    Town Hall in Buchach, Bernard Meretyn, 1750-1751

  • Town Hall in Kaunas, Jonas Matekeris, 1771-1775

    Town Hall in Kaunas, Jonas Matekeris, 1771-1775

  • Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz, 1610s

    Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz, 1610s

  • Still life with a squirrel and a pitcher, Andreas Stech, 1658

    Still life with a squirrel and a pitcher, Andreas Stech, 1658

  • Allegory of Summer, Jerzy Siemiginowski, 1684-1686

    Allegory of Summer, Jerzy Siemiginowski, 1684-1686

  • Ethiopian king meeting ambasadors of Persia, Franciszek Smuglewicz, 1785

    Ethiopian king meeting ambasadors of Persia, Franciszek Smuglewicz, 1785

  • Leżajsk organ, Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński, 1693

    Leżajsk organ, Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński, 1693

  • Our Lady of the Scapular of Bydgoszcz in silver riza, 1700

    Our Lady of the Scapular of Bydgoszcz in silver riza, 1700

  • Interior of the St. Anne's Church in Kraków, Baldassare Fontana and Monti brothers, 1705

    Interior of the St. Anne's Church in Kraków, Baldassare Fontana and Monti brothers, 1705

  • Dominican Church in Lviv, Jan de Witte, 1744-769

    Dominican Church in Lviv, Jan de Witte, 1744-769

  • The Last Judgment from Lipie, 17th century

    The Last Judgment from Lipie, 17th century

  • Pokrov of Our Lady - detail with King John III Sobieski and Queen Marysieńka, 1670s

    Pokrov of Our Lady - detail with King John III Sobieski and Queen Marysieńka, 1670s

  • Iconostasis in the Holy Spirit Church in Vilnius, Johann Christoph Glaubitz, 1753–1756

    Iconostasis in the Holy Spirit Church in Vilnius, Johann Christoph Glaubitz, 1753–1756

  • Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Bernard Meretyn, 1746–1762

    Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Bernard Meretyn, 1746–1762

  • Aron Kodesh of the Zamość Synagogue, 1610-1620

    Aron Kodesh of the Zamość Synagogue, 1610-1620

  • Sefer ha-Zohar Yalkut Hadash, Lublin, 1648

    Sefer ha-Zohar Yalkut Hadash, Lublin, 1648

  • Synagogue of Zhovkva,[1] Piotr Beber, 1692-1698

    Synagogue of Zhovkva,[1] Piotr Beber, 1692-1698

  • Central Bimah of Łańcut Synagogue,[2] 1761

    Central Bimah of Łańcut Synagogue,[2] 1761

  • Allegory of salvation and sin, Hans Vredeman de Vries, 1596

    Allegory of salvation and sin, Hans Vredeman de Vries, 1596

  • Epitaph of Edward Blemke in Gdańsk, Willem van den Blocke, 1591

    Epitaph of Edward Blemke in Gdańsk, Willem van den Blocke, 1591

  • Church of the Holy Ghost in Toruń, Ephraim Schröger, 1755-1756

    Church of the Holy Ghost in Toruń, Ephraim Schröger, 1755-1756

  • Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–1782

    Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–1782

  • Our Lady of the Trinitarians, Armenian painter, turn of the 16/17th century

    Our Lady of the Trinitarians, Armenian painter, turn of the 16/17th century

  • Armenian Houses in Zamość, 1632-1674

    Armenian Houses in Zamość, 1632-1674

  • Belltower of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, 17th century

    Belltower of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, 17th century

  • Karacena of John III Sobieski, Armenian workshop in Lviv, 17th century

    Karacena of John III Sobieski, Armenian workshop in Lviv, 17th century

  • Lithuanian Field Hetman portraited with a Persian style kalkan shield, 1650-1651

    Lithuanian Field Hetman portraited with a Persian style kalkan shield, 1650-1651

  • Kilim with the Czartoryski family emblems, Iran, 17th century

    Kilim with the Czartoryski family emblems, Iran, 17th century

  • Tatar Mosque in Kruszyniany, after 1717

    Tatar Mosque in Kruszyniany, after 1717

  • Harem in Grabki Duże,[3] Francesco Placidi, 1742

    Harem in Grabki Duże,[3] Francesco Placidi, 1742

  1. ↑ Construction was financially supported by king John III Sobieski - king's coat of arms (Janina) and the Polish eagle were placed inside of the building in gratitude for helping.
    Z wdzięczności Sobieskiemu za pomoc przy budowie synagogi starsi żydowscy kazali umieścić wewnątrz jego herb (Janina) i orła polskiego. Stefan Gąsiorowski (2001) Chrześcijanie i Żydzi w Żółkwi w XVII i XVIII wieku (Christians and Jews in Zhovkva in the 17th and 18th centuries), Polska Akademia Umiejętności, p. 119 ISBN: 83-88857-39-8.
  2. ↑ The synagogue was established by Stanisław Lubomirski.
    After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel. Lancut. www.jewish-guide.pl. Retrieved on 2010-09-02.
  3. ↑ Constructed for Stanisław Rupniewski, castellan of Małogoszcz, who converted to Islam.