Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Autism: Interview Development and Rates of Disorders - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- ️Lainhart, Janet E.
- ️Sat Jul 15 2006
References
Abramson, R. K., Wright, H. H., Cuccaro, M. L., Lawrence, L. G., Babb S., & Pencarinha, D., et al. (1992). Biological liability in families with autism. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 370–371.
Achenbach, T. M., Howell, C. T., Quay, H. C., & Conners, C. K. (1991). National survey of problems and competencies among four- to sixteen-year-olds: Parents’ reports for normative and clinical samples. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 56, 1–131.
Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., Stewart, A. W., & Field, C. J. (1985). The aberrant behavior checklist: A behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 485–491.
Ambrosini, P. J. (2000). Historical development and present status of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS). Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 49–58.
Ando, H., & Yoshimura, I. (1979). Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children. Journal of Autism Developmental and Disorders, 9, 83–93.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1988). Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: cognitive or affective? Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 18, 379–402.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). The autistic child’s theory of mind: A case of specific developmental delay. Journal of Child Psychology/Psychiatry, 30, 285–297.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1991a). The development of a theory of mind in autism: Deviance and delay? Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 33–51.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1991b). The theory of mind deficit in autism: How specific is it? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 301–314.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1993). From attention-goal psychology to belief-desire psychology: The development of a theory of mind and its dysfunction. In S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism (pp. 59–82). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind’? Cognition, 21, 37–46.
Caron, C., & Rutter, M. (1991). Comorbidity in child psychopathology: Concepts, issues and research strategies.!! Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 32, 1063–1080.
Chambers, W. J., Puig-Antich, J., Hirsch, M., Paez, P., Ambrosini, P. J., & Tabrizi, M. A., et al. (1985). The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview. Test–retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 696–702.
Chung, S. Y., Luk, S. L., & Lee, P. W. (1990). A follow-up study of infantile autism in Hong Kong. Journal of Autism Developmental and Disorders, 20, 221–232.
Clarke, A. R., Tonge, B. J., Einfeld, S. L., & Mackinnon, A. (2003). Assessment of change with the developmental behaviour checklist. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 210–212.
Conners, C. K. (1973). Rating scales for use in drug studies. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 9, 24–29.
Dawson, G., & Lewy, A. (1989). Arousal, attention, and the socio-emotional impairments of individuals with autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: Nature, diagnoses, and treatment (pp. 49–74). New York: Guilford Press.
Deb, S., Thomas, M., & Bright, C. (2001). Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. I: Prevalence of functional psychiatric illness among a community-based population aged between 16 and 64 years. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45, 495–505.
Dekker, M. C., & Koot, H. M. (2003). DSM-IV disorders in children with borderline to moderate intellectual disability. I: Prevalence and impact. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 915–922.
Dekker, M. C., Koot, H. M., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2002a). Emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 43, 1087–1098.
Dekker, M. C., Nunn, R. J., Einfeld, S. E., Tonge, B. J., & Koot, H. M. (2002b). Assessing emotional and behavioral problems in children with intellectual disability: Revisiting the factor structure of the Developmental Behavior Checklist. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 32, 601–610.
Dykens, E. M. (2000). Psychopathology in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 41, 407–417.
Einfeld, S., Tonge, B., Turner, G., Parmenter, T., & Smith, A. (1999). Longitudinal course of behavioural and emotional problems of young persons with Prader-Willi, Fragile X, Williams and Down syndromes. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 24, 349–354.
Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1995). The developmental behavior checklist: The development and validation of an instrument to assess behavioral and emotional disturbance in children and adolescents with mental retardation. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 25, 81–104.
Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1999). Observations on the use of the ICD-10 Guide for Mental Retardation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, 408–412.
Einfeld, S. L., Tonge, B. J., & Rees, V. W. (2001). Longitudinal course of behavioral and emotional problems in Williams syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106, 73–81.
Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, J. (1996a). Population prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: I. Rationale and methods. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40, 91–98.
Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, J. (1996b). Population prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: II Epidemiological findings. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40, 99–109.
Esbensen, A. J., Rojahn, J., Aman, M. G., & Ruedrich, S. (2003). Reliability and validity of an assessment instrument for anxiety, depression, and mood among individuals with mental retardation. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 33, 617–629.
Fee, V. E., Matson, J. L., & Benavidez, D. A. (1994). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder among mentally retarded children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 15, 67–79.
Frith, U. (1996). Cognitive explanations of autism. Acta Paediatrics Suppl, 416, 63–68.
Ghaziuddin, M., & Greden, J. (1998). Depression in children with autism/pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control family history study. Journal of Autism Developmental and Disorders, 28, 111–115.
Ghaziuddin, M., Tsai, L., & Ghaziuddin, N. (1992). Comorbidity of autistic disorder in children and adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1, 209–213.
Ghaziuddin, M., Weidmer-Mikhail, E., & Ghaziuddin, N. (1998). Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome: A preliminary report. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 279–283.
Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., & Moreci, P., et al. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 980–988.
Kendler, K. S., & Gardner, C. O. Jr. (1998). Boundaries of major depression: an evaluation of DSM-IV criteria. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 172–177.
Lainhart, J. E., & Folstein, S. E. (1994). Affective disorders in people with autism: a review of published cases. Journal of Autism Developmental and Disorders, 24, 587–601.
Lainhart, J. E. (1999). Psychiatric problems in individuals with autism, their parents and siblings. International Review of Psychiatry, 11, 278–298.
Le Couteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., & Holdgrafer, M., et al. (1989). Autism diagnostic interview: A standardized investigator-based instrument. Journal of Autism Developmental and Disorders, 19, 363–387.
Lord, C., & Paul, R. (1997). Language and communication in autism. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, 2nd ed. (pp. 195–225). New York: Wiley.
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E., Leventhal, B., & DiValore, P., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. J Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205–223.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism Developmental and Disorders, 24, 659–685.
Mannuzza, S., Fyer, A. J., Klein, D. F., & Endicott, J. (1986). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia–lifetime version modified for the study of anxiety disorders (SADS-LA): Rationale and conceptual development. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 20, 317–325.
Masi, G., Brovedani, P., Mucci, M., & Favilla, L. (2002). Assessment of anxiety and depression in adolescents with mental retardation. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 32, 227–237.
Masi, G., Favilla, L., & Mucci, M. (2000). Generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents and young adults with mild mental retardation. Psychiatry, 63, 54–64.
Masi, G., Mucci, M., Favilla, L., & Poli, P. (1999). Dysthymic disorder in adolescents with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, 80–87.
Matson, J. L., Coe, D. A., Gardner, W. I., & Sovner, R. (1991). A factor analytic study of the diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped scale. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 179, 553–557.
Matson, J. L., Gardner, W. I., Coe, D. A., & Sovner, R. (1991). A scale for evaluating emotional disorders in severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons: Development of the diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped (DASH) scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 404–409.
McBrien, J. A. (2003). Assessment and diagnosis of depression in people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 1–13.
McCracken, J. T., McGough, J., Shah, B., Cronin, P., Hong, D., & Aman, M. G., et al. (2002). Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 314–321.
McEvoy, R. E., Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1993). Executive function and social communication deficits in young autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 34, 563–578.
Meadows, G., Turner, T., Campbell, L., & Lewis, S. W., et al. (1991). Assessing schizophrenia in adults with mental retardation: A comparative study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 103–105.
Minshew, N. J., Goldstein, G., & Siegel, D. J. (1997). Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: Profile of a complex information processing disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 303–316.
Morgan, G. A., Gliner, J. A., & Harmon, R. J. (2001). Measurement validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 729–731.
Moss, S., Prosser, H., & Goldberg, D. (1996). Validity of the schizophrenia diagnosis of the psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability (PAS-ADD). British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 359–367.
Muris, P., Steerneman, P., Merckelbach, H., Holdrinet, I., & Meesters, C. (1998). Comorbid anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Anxiety Disorders, 12, 387–393.
Murphy, K. C., Jones, L. A., & Owen, M. J. (1999). High rates of schizophrenia in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 940–945.
National Institute of Mental Health (1992). Diagnostic interview schedule for children (DISC), version 2.3. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Nestadt, G., Samuels, J., Riddle, M. A., Liang, K. Y., Bienvenu, O. J., & Hoehn-Saric, R., et al. (2001). The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety and affective disorders: Results from the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study. Psychology Medicine, 31, 481–487.
Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (1991). Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: relationship to theory of mind. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 32, 1081–1105.
Ozonoff, S., Strayer, D. L., McMahon, W. M., & Filloux, F. (1994). Executive function abilities in autism and Tourette syndrome: An information processing approach. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 35, 1015–1032.
Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 37, 51–87.
Reiss, S. (1988). The Reiss screen for maladaptive behavior. Worthington, OH: IDS Publishing.
Rojahn, J., Aman, M. G., Matson, J. L., & Mayville, E. (2003). The aberrant behavior checklist and the behavior problems inventory: convergent and divergent validity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24, 391–404.
Rojahn, J., Matson, J. L., Lott, D., Esbensen, A. J., & Smalls, Y. (2001). The behavior problems inventory: An instrument for the assessment of self-injury, stereotyped behavior, and aggression/destruction in individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 31, 577–588.
Rumsey, J. M., Rapoport, J. L., & Sceery, W. R. (1985). Autistic children as adults: Psychiatric, social, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 465–473.
Senatore, V., Matson, J. L., & Kazdin, A. E. (1985). An inventory to assess psychopathology of mentally retarded adults. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 459–466.
Sevin, J. A., Matson, J. L., Coe, D., Love, S. R., Matese, M. J., & Benavidez, D. A. (1995). Empirically derived subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders: A cluster analytic study. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 25, 561–578.
Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 28–38.
Sovner, R. (1986). Limiting factors in the use of DSM-III criteria with mentally ill/mentally retarded persons. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 22, 1055–1059.
Sovner, R., & Hurley, A. D. (1982a). Diagnosing depression in the mentally retarded. Psychiatric Aspects of Mental Retardation Newsletter, 1, 1–4.
Sovner, R., & Hurley, A. D. (1982b). Diagnosing mania in the mentally retarded. Psychiatric Aspects of Mental Retardation Newsletter, 1, 10–12.
Tadevosyan-Leyfer, O., Dowd, M., Mankoski, R., Winklosky, B., Putnam, S., & McGrath, L., et al. (2003). A principal component analysis of the autism diagnostic interview-revised. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 864–872.
Tager-Flusberg, H. (1992). Autistic children’s talk about psychological states: Deficits in the early acquisition of a theory of mind. Child Development, 63, 161–172.
Tager-Flusberg, H., & Sullivan, K. (1994). Predicting and explaining behavior: A comparison of autistic, mentally retarded and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 35, 1059–1075.
Tantam, D. (1991). Asperger syndrome in adulthood. In U. Frith (Ed.), Autism and Asperger syndrome (pp. 147–183). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tonge, B., & Einfeld, S. (2000). The trajectory of psychiatric disorders in young people with intellectual disabilities. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 80–84.
Tsiouris, J. A. (2001). Diagnosis of depression in people with severe/profound intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45, 115–120.
Volkmar, F. R., & Cohen, D. J. (1991). Comorbid association of autism and schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1705–1707.
von Gontard, A., Backes, M., Laufersweiler-Plass, C., Wendland, C., Lehmkuhl, G., & Zerres, K., et al. (2002). Psychopathology and familial stress—comparison of boys with fragile X syndrome and spinal muscular atrophy. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 43, 949–957.
Wozniak, J., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Frazier, J., Kim, J., Millstein, R., et al. (1997). Mania in children with pervasive developmental disorder revisited. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1552–1559 (discussion 1559–1560).