Reviving Community Spirit: Furthering the Sustainable, Historical and Economic Role of Fish Weirs and Traps - Journal of Maritime Archaeology
- ️Jeffery, Bill
- ️Thu Jan 17 2013
Abstract
Stone wall fish weirs and traps were once an important means for inland and coastal communities to catch fish. In many places the weirs and traps have been left to deteriorate and other more productive but less sustainable practices have taken their place. It was considered that they have fulfilled their historical and economic role and it was the loss of community spirit that has contributed to their decline. A recent survey in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia found a diverse and extensive number of fish weirs and traps, and a community keen to restore and reinvigorate their associated cultural practices and community spirit. The paper draws on comparative data from other places of the world to investigate weirs and traps, and to see if a similar revival could be observed. Of importance was a need to highlight the value of pursuing this type of research for contemporary communities and maritime archaeological practitioners in the current international management framework for underwater cultural heritage.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Get 10 units per month
- Download Article/Chapter or eBook
- 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
- Cancel anytime
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Francis Reg was Yap State Deputy Historic Preservation Officer during the time of the project, now Historic Preservation Officer.
John Runman is an ethnographer at the Yap HPO.
Peter Reuchugrad, a former ethnographer with Yap HPO, now retired.
James Lukan was the Yap Historic Preservation Officer at the time of the project.
Falan-Gurumow is an elder of Yap and a Master Aech builder.
Pohnpei is 2,230 km east of Yap.
References
Adams WH (ed) (1997) Yap archaeology. Archaeological survey of Gachlaw village, Gilman municipality, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. Micronesian Resources Study, Micronesian Endowment for Historic Preservation, Federated States of Micronesia and U.S. National Park Service, San Francisco
Amesbury J, Cushing F, Skamoto R (1986) Guide to the coastal resources of Guam volume 3. Fishing on Guam. University of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao
Avery G (1975) Discussion on the age and use of tidal Fish Traps (Visvywers). S Afr Archaeol Bull 30:105–113
Ayers W (1983) Archaeology at Nan Madol, Ponape. Bull Indo Pacific Prehist Assoc 4:135–142
Bascom WR (1965) Ponape: a pacific economy in transition. Anthropological records volume 22. University of California Press, Berkeley
Bellwood P (2006) Austronesian prehistory in Southeast Asia: homeland, expansion and transformation. In: Bellwood P, Fox JJ, Tyron D (eds) The austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives. The Australian National University E Press, Canberra
Bellwood P, Dizon E (2005) The batanes archaeological project and the “Out of Taiwan” hypothesis for Austronesian dispersal. J Austronesian Stud 1(1):1–32
Bowen G (1998) Towards a generic technique for dating stone fish traps and weirs. Aust Archaeol 47:39–43
Byram RS (2002) Brush fences and basket traps: the archaeology and ethnohistory of tidewater weir fishing on the Oregon coast. PhD Dissertation, University of Oregon
Chen CT (1960) A survey of fishing gear used in the coastal fishery of Taiwan. Taipei [in Chinese]
Chen TP (1976) Aquaculture practices in Taiwan. Farnham
Cheng-Hwa T (2001) Maritime adaptations in prehistoric Southeast Chine: implications for the problem of Austronesian expansion. J East Asian Archaeol 3(1–2):15–46
Davidson J (1967) Preliminary archaeological investigations on Ponape and other Eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica 3:81–97
Deacon J (1998) South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA), Internal report no. 9/2/079/09
Dieudonne F (ed) (2002) The Pacific islands and the sea: 350 years of reporting on royal fishponds, coral reefs and ancient walled fish weirs in Oceania. Neptune House, Encinitas, CA
Falanruw MC (1992) Traditional use of the marine environment on Yap. Paper presented at the Science of Pacific Island Peoples Conference, Suva, Fiji
Falanruw MC (2010) Varieties of aech in relation to Marine Habitat. In: Jeffery B, Pitmag W (eds) The aech of Yap: a survey of sites and their histories. Yap State Historic Preservation Office, pp 110–113
Gabriel O, Lange K, Dahm E, Wendt T (eds) (2005) Fish catching methods of the world. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
Goodwin AJH (1946) Prehistoric fishing methods in South Africa. Antiquity 20:134–141
Hine P (2008) An Archaeological study of stone-wall fish traps along the Southern Cape coast. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Cape Town
Hunter-Anderson R (1981) Yapese stone fish weirs. Asian Perspect 24(1):81–91
Hunter-Anderson RL (1983a) Yapese social stratification and archaeological consequences for the study of fishing adaptation. In: Anderson A (ed) Traditional fishing in the pacific: ethnographical and archaeological papers from the 15th Pacific Science Congress, 1983, Dunedin, N. Z. Pacific Anthropological Records 37. Department of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu
Hunter-Anderson RL (1983b) Yapese settlement patterns: an ethno-archaeological approach. Pacific Studies Institute, Agana, Guam
Jeffery B (2011) Rocks wrecks and relevance: values and benefits in maritime and underwater cultural heritage. In: Proceedings of the inaugural Asia-Pacific regional conference on underwater cultural heritage. Asian Academy for Heritage Management. Manila, Philippines, pp 527–539. Available online http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1251
Jeffery B, Parthesius R (2012) Planning for the future: benefits in building local and regional capacities in implementing maritime and underwater cultural heritage (MUCH) programmes. In: Tan H (ed) Maritime archaeology in Southeast Asia, Innovation and Adaptation. Asian Civilisations Museum, Singapore, pp 164–182
Jeffery B, Pitmag W (2010) The aech of Yap: A survey of sites and their histories. Yap State Historic Preservation Office, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
Kemp LV (2006) Ancient stonewall fish traps on the south coast of South Africa: documentation, current use, ecological effects and management implications. Unpublished M Sc Thesis, University of Cape Town
Masse WB (1986) A millennium of fishing in the Palau Islands, Micronesia. In: Anderson A (ed) Traditional fishing in the Pacific: ethnographical and archaeological papers from the 15th Pacific science congress no 37 Pacific anthropological records. Department of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu
Moore J (1987) Current fishing practices and use of marine resources in the Outer Islands. Yap State fishing authority, manuscript of file at MARC, University of Guam, Mangilao
Müller W (1917) Yap. Ergebnisse der Sudsee-Expedition 1908–10, Ethnographie Micronesien. Freiderichsen and Co., Hamburg
Nishimura A (1968) Living fossils of oldest fishing gear in Japan. VIIIth International Congress of Anthropologicaland Ethnological Sciences, Tokyo and Kyoto
Nishimura A (1975) Cultural and social change in the modes of ownership of stone tidal weirs. In: Casteel RH, Quimbi GJ (eds) Maritime adaptations of the Pacific. The Hague, pp 77–88
Parthesius R, Jeffery B (2013) Building country-relevant programmes to support the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001. Article in press, University of Leiden Press, Leiden
Rowland M, Ulm S (2011) Indigenous fish traps and weirs of Queensland. Qld Archaeol Res 14:1–58
Ruechugrad P (2010) Using aech. In: Jeffery B, Pitmag W (2010) The aech of Yap: a survey of sites and their histories. Yap State Historic Preservation Office, pp 114–117
Smith MK (2001) ‘Community’ in the encyclopedia of informal education, http://www.infed.org/community/community.htm. Accessed 24 October 2012
South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) (2009) Internal report no. 9/2/079/09
Suriura K (1939) Fishing in Yap. J Anthropol 54.2
Takeda J (2001) Fishing-gleaning activities on reef flats and/or reef margins in coral ecosystem in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Occasional papers no. 34, pp 117–127
Thomas F (2009) Historical ecology in Kiribati: linking past with present. Pac Sci 63(4):567–600
Uwate KR (1987) Survey of reef ownership, ownership enforcement, and fishing rights in Yap proper: 1986. Marine Resources Management Division, Yap State Department of Resources and Development, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
Welz AI (2002) Fish trap placement! The environmental and cultural influences in fish trap placement along the Australian Coastline. BA Honours thesis, University of South Australia
Yap Cultural Inventory Group (YCIG) (n.d.) Ethnography of Yap. Unpublished document, Yap Historic Preservation Office, pp 1–16
Zayas CN (2004) Atob and bato: two sides of Philippine lithic heritage. Philipinas 43:55–70
Zayas CN (2011) Describing stewardship of the common sea among Atob fishers of the Pacific Rim Islands: cases from the Philippines, Taiwan and Japan. South Pacific Stud 31(2):71–80
Acknowledgments
I dedicate this paper to James Lukan who passed away in October 2012. Lukan was a very likeable friend and colleague, and like so many Yapese, dedicated to maintaining their cultural heritage and traditional practices. I would like to thank the people of the Yap, FSM; Yap HPO staff particularly James Lukan, Francis Reg, John Runman and William Pitmag; and Sibongile Van Damme, Jon Sharman, Shawn Berry in South Africa for making me feel at home when participating in these projects and for the great help from other colleagues in realizing the project outcomes. I would also like to thank the staff of the Tree Valley Foundation Archaeological Centre in Tainan and in particular colleague Wang Yu for her liaison with the Jibei Shihu Museum in Penghu. I acknowledge the great support of Paula Creech, Coordinator of the Micronesian Historic Preservation Program in Oakland, USA; staff of the HPO Offices in Pohnpei, Chuuk and Yap in the FSM; Robert Parthesius and staff of the CIE, Leiden, Netherlands; the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in South Africa, and the South African Heritage Resources Agency. Finally I would like to thank Shawn Berry, Doug Farrer, Jeremy Green, Vivienne Moran and Wang Yu for providing critical comments on this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
Bill Jeffery
Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage Programme, CIE-Centre for International Heritage Activities, Leiden, The Netherlands
Bill Jeffery
Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Pier 8, Central, Hong Kong
Bill Jeffery
Authors
- Bill Jeffery
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Bill Jeffery.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeffery, B. Reviving Community Spirit: Furthering the Sustainable, Historical and Economic Role of Fish Weirs and Traps. J Mari Arch 8, 29–57 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-013-9106-4
Published: 17 January 2013
Issue Date: June 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-013-9106-4