Tracing the stepwise oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean - Nature
- ️Anbar, A. D.
- ️Thu Mar 27 2008
References
Karhu, J. A. & Holland, H. D. Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Geology 24, 867–870 (1996)
Bekker, A. et al. Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Nature 427, 117–120 (2004)
Farquhar, J. & Wing, B. A. Multiple sulfur isotopes and the evolution of the atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 213, 1–13 (2003)
Rouxel, O. J., Bekker, A. & Edwards, K. J. Iron isotope constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean redox state. Science 307, 1088–1091 (2005)
Canfield, D. E., Poulton, S. W. & Narbonne, G. M. Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life. Science 315, 92–95 (2007)
Fike, D. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Pratt, L. M. & Summons, R. E. Oxidation of the Ediacaran ocean. Nature 444, 744–747 (2006)
Anbar, A. D. et al. A whiff of oxygen before the Great Oxidation Event? Science 317, 1903–1906 (2007)
Canfield, D. E. A new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry. Nature 396, 450–453 (1998)
Poulton, S. W., Fralick, P. W. & Canfield, D. E. The transition to a sulphidic ocean ∼1.84 billion years ago. Nature 431, 173–177 (2004)
Anbar, A. D. & Knoll, A. H. Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: A bioinorganic bridge? Science 297, 1137–1142 (2002)
Holland, H. D. The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton NJ, 1984)
Shen, Y., Canfield, D. E. & Knoll, A. H. Middle Proterozoic ocean chemistry: Evidence from the McArthur Basin, northern Australia. Am. J. Sci. 302, 81–109 (2002)
Shen, Y., Knoll, A. H. & Walter, M. R. Evidence for low sulphate and anoxia in a mid-Proterozoic marine basin. Nature 423, 632–635 (2003)
Arnold, G. L., Anbar, A. D., Barling, J. & Lyons, T. W. Molybdenum isotope evidence for widespread anoxia in Mid-Proterozoic oceans. Science 304, 87–90 (2004)
Brocks, J. J. et al. Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a stratified Paleoproterozoic sea. Nature 437, 866–870 (2005)
Slack, J. F., Grenne, T., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O. J. & Lindberg, P. A. Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 255, 243–256 (2007)
Algeo, T. J. & Lyons, T. W. Mo–total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions. Paleoceanography 21, doi:10.1029/2004PA001112 (2006)
Bertine, K. K. & Turekian, K. K. Molybdenum in marine deposits. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 1415–1434 (1973)
Taylor, S. R. & McLennan, S. M. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Rev. Geophys. 33, 241–265 (1995)
Helz, G. R. et al. Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 3631–3642 (1996)
Lyons, T. W. & Berner, R. B. Carbon–sulfur–iron systematics of the upper-most deep-water sediments of the Black Sea. Chem. Geol. 99, 1–27 (1992)
Lyons, T. W., Werne, J. P., Hollander, D. J. & Murray, R. W. Contrasting sulfur geochemistry and Fe/Al and Mo/Al ratios across the last oxic-to-anoxic transition in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Chem. Geol. 195, 131–157 (2003)
Emerson, S. R. & Huested, S. S. Ocean anoxia and the concentrations of molybdenum and vanadium in seawater. Mar. Chem. 34, 177–196 (1991)
Lyons, T. W. & Severmann, S. A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: New insights from modern euxinic marine basins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 5698–5722 (2006)
Brocks, J. J., Logan, G. A., Buick, R. & Summons, R. E. Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes. Science 285, 1033–1036 (1999)
Kaufman, A. J. et al. Late Archean biospheric oxygenation and atmospheric evolution. Science 317, 1900–1903 (2007)
Hannah, J. L., Bekker, A., Stein, H. J., Markey, R. J. & Holland, H. D. Primitive Os and 2316 Ma age for marine shale: implications for Paleoproterozoic glacial events and the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 225, 43–52 (2004)
Kah, L. C., Lyons, T. W. & Frank, T. D. Low marine sulphate and protracted oxygenation of the Proterozoic biosphere. Nature 431, 834–838 (2004)
Zerkle, A. L., House, C. H., Cox, R. P. & Canfield, D. E. Metal limitation of cyanobacterial N2 fixation and implications for the Precambrian nitrogen cycle. Geobiology 4, 285–297 (2006)
Lyons, T. W., Luepke, J. J., Schreiber, M. E. & Zieg, G. A. Sulfur geochemical constraints on Mesoproterozic restricted marine deposition: lower Belt Supergroup, northwestern United States. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 427–437 (2000)
Raiswell, R., Buckley, F., Berner, R. A. & Anderson, T. F. Degree of pyritization of iron as a paleoenvironmental indicator of bottom-water oxygenation. J. Sedim. Res. 58, 812–819 (1988)
Canfield, D. E., Raiswell, R., Westrich, J. T., Reaves, C. M. & Berner, R. A. The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales. Chem. Geol. 54, 149–155 (1986)