doi.org

Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health - Nature

  • ️Clark, Michael
  • ️Wed Nov 12 2014
  • Matson, P. A., Parton, W. J., Power, A. G. & Swift, M. J. Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277, 504–509 (1997)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinfeld, H. et al. Livestock’s Long Shadow (FAO, 2006)

  • Edenhofer, O. et al. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change Technical Summary (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014)

  • Tubielle, F. N. et al. Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks (FAO Statistics Division, ESS/14-02, 2014)

  • Tilman, D. et al. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science 292, 281–284 (2001)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popkin, B. M., Adair, L. S. & Ng, S. W. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr. Rev. 70, 3–21 (2012)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popkin, B. M. The nutrition transition in low-income countries: an emerging crisis. Nutr. Rev. 52, 285–298 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drewnowski, A. & Popkin, B. M. The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet. Nutr. Rev. 55, 31–43 (1997)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, F. B. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care 34, 1249–1257 (2011)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org (FAO, 2013)

  • Smil, V. Feeding the World: a Challenge for the Twenty-First Century (MIT Press, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO. Global agriculture towards 2050. In How to Feed the World 2050 1–10 (FAO, 2009)

  • Godfray, H. C. J. et al. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 327, 812–818 (2010)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, M. et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 6736, 1–16 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Willett, W. C. et al. Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61, 1402S–1406S (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, M., Galbraith, S. & Darnton-Hill, I. A global response to a global problem: the epidemic of overnutrition. Bull. World Health Organ. 80, 952–958 (2002)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, C. et al. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Public Health Nutr. 7, 245–250 (2004)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P. N., Sabaté, J. & Fraser, G. E. Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78, 526S–532S (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aune, D., Ursin, G. & Veierød, M. B. Meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Diabetologia 52, 2277–2287 (2009)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. Food consumption trends and drivers. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 2793–2807 (2010)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, T. et al. Coronary heart disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 60, 233–240 (2012)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, A. et al. Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies. Arch. Intern. Med. 172, 555–563 (2012)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman, D., Balzer, C., Hill, J. & Befort, B. L. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 20260–20264 (2011)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, M. & de Boer, I. J. M. Comparing environmental impacts for livestock products: a review of life cycle assessments. Livest. Sci. 128, 1–11 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nijdam, D., Rood, T. & Westhoek, H. The price of protein: review of land use and carbon footprints from life cycle assessments of animal food products and their substitutes. Food Policy 37, 760–770 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshel, G. & Martin, P. A. Diet, energy, and global warming. Earth Interact. 10, 1–17 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlow, H. J. et al. Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89, 1699–1703 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisler, M. C. et al. Steps to sustainable livestock. Nature 507, 32–34 (2014)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. et al. Beyond milk, meat and eggs: role of livestock in food and nutrition security. Anim. Front. 3, 6–13 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Daley, C. A., Abbott, A., Doyle, P. S., Nader, G. & Larson, S. A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutr. J. 9, 10 (2010)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., van Otterdiijk, R. & Meybeck, A. Global Food Losses and Food Waste (FAO, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Snowdon, D. A., Phillips, R. L. & Fraser, G. E. Meat consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease. Prev. Med. 13, 490–500 (1984)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Key, T. J., Thorogood, M., Appleby, P. N. & Burr, M. L. Dietary habits and mortality in 11,000 vegetarians and health conscious people: results of a 17 year follow up. Br. Med. J. 313, 775–779 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, J. I., Appleby, P. N., Key, T. J. & Thorogood, M. Dietary determinants of ischaemic heart disease in health conscious individuals. Heart 78, 450–455 (1997)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lagiou, P. et al. Mediterranean dietary pattern and mortality among young women: a cohort study in Sweden. Br. J. Nutr. 96, 384–392 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitrou, P. N. et al. Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population. Arch. Intern. Med. 167, 2461–2468 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner, E. J. et al. Dietary patterns and 15-y risks of major coronary events, diabetes, and mortality. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87, 1414–1421 (2008)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-González, M. A. et al. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing diabetes: prospective cohort study. Br. Med. J. 336, 1348–1351 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, T. T. et al. Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation 119, 1093–1100 (2009)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q. et al. Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among US adults. JAMA Intern. Med. 174, 516–524 (2014)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckland, G. et al. Olive oil intake and mortality within the Spanish population (EPIC-Spain). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 96, 142–149 (2012)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stehfest, E. et al. Climate benefits of changing diet. Clim. Change 95, 83–102 (2009)

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popp, A., Lotze-Campen, H. & Bodirsky, B. Food consumption, diet shifts and associated non-CO2 greenhouse gases from agricultural production. Glob. Environ. Change 20, 451–462 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Westhoek, H. et al. Food choices, health and environment: effects of cutting Europe’s meat and dairy intake. Glob. Environ. Change 26, 196–205 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexandratos, N. & Bruinsma, J. World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision Ch. 4 (ESA/12-03, FAO, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, C. et al. Land-use change trajectories up to 2050: insights from a global agro-economic model comparison. Agric. Econ. 45, 69–84 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrero, M. et al. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 20888–20893 (2013)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Havlík, P. et al. Climate change mitigation through livestock system transitions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 3709–3714 (2014)

    ADS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X.-P. et al. Integrated soil-crop system management for food security. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 6399–6404 (2011)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield, J. L. et al. Climate impacts on agriculture: implications for crop production. Agron. J. 103, 351–370 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. National Nutrient Databasehttp://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ (2013)

  • United States Department of Agriculture. Choose My Platehttp://www.choosemyplate.gov/ (2013)

  • Trichopoulou, A. et al. Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study. Br. Med. J. 330, 991 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Key, T. J. et al. Mortality in British vegetarians: results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89 (Suppl). 1613S–1619S (2009)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Key, T. J. et al. Cancer incidence in British vegetarians. Br. J. Cancer 101, 192–197 (2009)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tonstad, S., Butler, T., Yan, R. & Fraser, G. E. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32, 791–796 (2009)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Couto, E. et al. Mediterranean dietary pattern and cancer risk in the EPIC cohort. Br. J. Cancer 104, 1493–1499 (2011)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • The InterAct Consortium Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study: the InterAct project. Diabetes Care 34, 1913–1918 (2011)

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hoevenaar-Blom, M. P. et al. Mediterranean style diet and 12-year incidence of cardiovascular diseases: the EPIC-NL cohort study. PLoS ONE 7, e45458 (2012)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Orlich, M. J. et al. Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Intern. Med. 173, 1230–1238 (2013)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tantamango-Bartley, Y., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Fan, J. & Fraser, G. Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 22, 286–294 (2013)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tonstad, S. et al. Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the Adventist Health Study-2. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 23, 292–299 (2013)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trichopoulou, A. et al. Diet and overall survival in the elderly. Br. Med. J. 311, 1457–1460 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trichopoulou, A. et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 2599–2608 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuznets, S. Economic growth and income inequality. Am. Econ. Rev. 45, 1–28 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Groningen Growth and Development Centre. Total Economy Databasehttp://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase (2013)

  • Seventh-day Adventist Diet. http://www.nutrition411.com/component/k2/item/1458-seventh-day-adventist-diet (2013)

  • Bach-Faig, A. et al. Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. 14, 2274–2284 (2011)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FAO. FishStathttp://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/en (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2013)

  • Costello, C. et al. Status and solutions for the world’s unassessed fisheries. Science 338, 517–520 (2012)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, D. Bianchi, G., Soto, D. & Vannuccini, S. in The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 199–223 (FAO, 2014)

  • Waite, R. et al. Improving Productivity and Environmental Performance of Aquaculture (World Resource Institute, 2014)

  • Grassini P, Eskridge, K. & Cassman, K. Distinguishing between yield advances and yield plateaus in historical crop production trends. Nature Commun. 4, 2918 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundrum, A. et al. Effects of feed strategies, genotypes, sex, and birth weight on carcass and meat quality traits under organic pig production conditions. Wageningen J. Life Sci. 58, 163–172 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Kiely, P. Intake, growth and feed conversion efficiency of finishing beef cattle offered diets based on triticale, maize or grass silages, or ad libitum concentrate. Ir. J. Agric. Food Res. 50, 189–207 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathlouthi, N., Larbier, M., Mohamed, M. A. & Lessire, M. Performance of laying hens fed wheat, wheat-barley or wheat-barley-wheat bran based diets supplemented with xylanase. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 193–199 (2002)

    Google Scholar