Real-time imaging reveals the single steps of brain metastasis formation - Nature Medicine
- ️Winkler, Frank
- ️Sun Dec 20 2009
Steeg, P.S. Tumor metastasis: mechanistic insights and clinical challenges. Nat. Med. 12, 895–904 (2006).
Palmieri, D., Chambers, A.F., Felding-Habermann, B., Huang, S. & Steeg, P.S. The biology of metastasis to a sanctuary site. Clin. Cancer Res. 13, 1656–1662 (2007).
Wyckoff, J.B., Jones, J.G., Condeelis, J.S. & Segall, J.E. A critical step in metastasis: in vivo analysis of intravasation at the primary tumor. Cancer Res. 60, 2504–2511 (2000).
Chambers, A.F., Groom, A.C. & MacDonald, I.C. Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 563–572 (2002).
Al-Mehdi, A.B. et al. Intravascular origin of metastasis from the proliferation of endothelium-attached tumor cells: a new model for metastasis. Nat. Med. 6, 100–102 (2000).
Yamauchi, K. et al. Development of real-time subcellular dynamic multicolor imaging of cancer-cell trafficking in live mice with a variable-magnification whole-mouse imaging system. Cancer Res. 66, 4208–4214 (2006).
Ito, S. et al. Real-time observation of micrometastasis formation in the living mouse liver using a green fluorescent protein gene-tagged rat tongue carcinoma cell line. Int. J. Cancer 93, 212–217 (2001).
Kedrin, D. et al. Intravital imaging of metastatic behavior through a mammary imaging window. Nat. Methods 5, 1019–1021 (2008).
Fidler, I.J., Yano, S., Zhang, R.D., Fujimaki, T. & Bucana, C.D. The seed and soil hypothesis: vascularisation and brain metastases. Lancet Oncol. 3, 53–57 (2002).
Seitz, G. et al. Imaging of cell trafficking and metastases of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Cell Prolif. 41, 365–374 (2008).
Leenders, W.P. et al. Antiangiogenic therapy of cerebral melanoma metastases results in sustained tumor progression via vessel co-option. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 6222–6230 (2004).
Luzzi, K.J. et al. Multistep nature of metastatic inefficiency: dormancy of solitary cells after successful extravasation and limited survival of early micrometastases. Am. J. Pathol. 153, 865–873 (1998).
Brown, E.B. et al. In vivo measurement of gene expression, angiogenesis and physiological function in tumors using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. Nat. Med. 7, 864–868 (2001).
Winkler, F. et al. Kinetics of vascular normalization by VEGFR2 blockade governs brain tumor response to radiation: role of oxygenation, angiopoietin-1 and matrix metalloproteinases. Cancer Cell 6, 553–563 (2004).
Helmchen, F. & Denk, W. Deep tissue two-photon microscopy. Nat. Methods 2, 932–940 (2005).
Hoffman, R.M. Advantages of multi-color fluorescent proteins for whole-body and in vivo cellular imaging. J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 41202 (2005).
Rae, J.M., Creighton, C.J., Meck, J.M., Haddad, B.R. & Johnson, M.D. MDA-MB-435 cells are derived from M14 melanoma cells—a loss for breast cancer, but a boon for melanoma research. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 104, 13–19 (2007).
Döme, B., Timar, J. & Paku, S. A novel concept of glomeruloid body formation in experimental cerebral metastases. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 62, 655–661 (2003).
Townson, J.L. & Chambers, A.F. Dormancy of solitary metastatic cells. Cell Cycle 5, 1744–1750 (2006).
Scherbarth, S. & Orr, F.W. Intravital videomicroscopic evidence for regulation of metastasis by the hepatic microvasculature: effects of interleukin-1α on metastasis and the location of B16F1 melanoma cell arrest. Cancer Res. 57, 4105–4110 (1997).
Wood, S. Pathogenesis of metastasis formation observed in vivo in the rabbit ear chamber. AMA Arch. Pathol. 66, 550–568 (1958).
Kawaguchi, T., Tobai, S. & Nakamura, K. Extravascular migration of tumor cells in the brain: an electron microscopic study. Invasion Metastasis 2, 40–50 (1982).
Chambers, A.F., MacDonald, I.C., Schmidt, E.E., Morris, V.L. & Groom, A.C. Clinical targets for anti-metastasis therapy. Adv. Cancer Res. 79, 91–121 (2000).
Koop, S. et al. Fate of melanoma cells entering the microcirculation: over 80% survive and extravasate. Cancer Res. 55, 2520–2523 (1995).
Holash, J. et al. Vessel cooption, regression, and growth in tumors mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF. Science 284, 1994–1998 (1999).
Calabrese, C. et al. A perivascular niche for brain tumor stem cells. Cancer Cell 11, 69–82 (2007).
Yano, S. et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is necessary but not sufficient for production and growth of brain metastasis. Cancer Res. 60, 4959–4967 (2000).
Küsters, B. et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A(165) induces progression of melanoma brain metastases without induction of sprouting angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 62, 341–345 (2002).
Küsters, B. et al. Micronodular transformation as a novel mechanism of VEGF-A–induced metastasis. Oncogene 26, 5808–5815 (2007).
Weis, S., Cui, J., Barnes, L. & Cheresh, D. Endothelial barrier disruption by VEGF-mediated Src activity potentiates tumor cell extravasation and metastasis. J. Cell Biol. 167, 223–229 (2004).
Holmgren, L., O'Reilly, M.S. & Folkman, J. Dormancy of micrometastases: balanced proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of angiogenesis suppression. Nat. Med. 1, 149–153 (1995).
Bouvet, M. et al. In vivo color-coded imaging of the interaction of colon cancer cells and splenocytes in the formation of liver metastases. Cancer Res. 66, 11293–11297 (2006).
Ramaswamy, S., Ross, K.N., Lander, E.S. & Golub, T.R. A molecular signature of metastasis in primary solid tumors. Nat. Genet. 33, 49–54 (2003).
Kaye, A.H. & Laws, E.R. Brain Tumors: An Encyclopedic Approach. Ch. 49, 999–1026 (Churchill Livingstone, London, 2001).
Fidler, I.J. & Talmadge, J.E. Evidence that intravenously derived murine pulmonary melanoma metastases can originate from the expansion of a single tumor cell. Cancer Res. 46, 5167–5171 (1986).
Sellappan, S et al. Lineage infidelity of MDA-MB-435 cells: expression of melanocyte proteins in a breast cancer cell line. Cancer Res. 64, 3479–3485 (2004).
Schackert, G., Price, J.E., Bucana, C.D. & Fidler, I.J. Unique patterns of brain metastasis produced by different human carcinomas in athymic nude mice. Int. J. Cancer 44, 892–897 (1989).