MCL1 provides a window on the role of the BCL2 family in cell proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis - Leukemia
- ️Craig, RW
- ️Tue Apr 16 2002
Kozopas KM, Yang T, Buchan HL, Zhou P, Craig RW . MCL1, a gene expressed in programmed myeloid cell differentiation, has sequence similarity to BCL2 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 90: 3516–3520
Kozopas KM, Buchan HL, Craig RW . Improved coupling between proliferation-arrest and differentiation-induction in ML-1 human myeloblastic leukemia cells J Cell Physiol 1990 145: 575–586
Yang T, Kozopas KM, Craig RW . The intracellular distribution and pattern of expression of Mcl-1 overlap with, but are not identical to, those of Bcl-2 J Cell Biol 1995 128: 1173–1184
Yang T, Buchan HL, Townsend KJ, Craig RW . MCL-1, a member of the BCL-2 family, is induced rapidly in response to signals for cell differentiation or death, but not to signals for cell proliferation J Cell Physiol 1996 166: 523–536
Klampfer L, Zhang J, Nimer SD . GM-CSF rescues TF-1 cells from growth factor withdrawal-induced, but not differentiation-induced apoptosis: the role of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 Cytokine 1999 11: 849–855
Wang X, Studzinski GP . Antiapoptotic action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with increased mitochondrial MCL-1 and RAF-1 proteins and reduced release of cytochrome c Exp Cell Res 1997 235: 210–217
Sordet O, Bettaieb A, Bruey JM, Eymin B, Broin N, Ivarsson M, Garrido C, Solary E . Selective inhibition of apoptosis by TPA-induced differentiation of U937 leukemic cells Cell Death Diff 1999 6: 351–361
Umezawa A, Maruyama T, Inazawa J, Imai S-I, Takano T, Hata J-I . Induction of mcl1/EAT, Bcl-2 related gene, by retinoic acid or heat shock in the human embryonal carcinoma cells, NCR-G3 Cell Struc Func 1996 21: 1–8
Okita H, Umezawa A, Suzuki A, Hata J-I . Up-regulated expression of murine mcl1/EAT, a Bcl-2 related gene, in the early stage of differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells Biochem Biophys Acta 1998 1398: 335–341
Zhou P, Qian L, Kozopas KM, Craig RW . Mcl-1, a Bcl-2 family member, delays the death of hematopoietic cells under a variety of apoptosis-inducing conditions Blood 1997 89: 630–643
Reynolds JE, Yang T, Qian L, Jenkinson JD, Zhou P, Eastman A, Craig RW . Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, delays apoptosis induced by c-Myc overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells Cancer Res 1994 54: 6348–6352
Reynolds JE, Li J, Craig RW, Eastman A . BCL-2 and MCL-1 expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells inhibits intracellular acidification and apoptosis induced by staurosporine Exp Cell Res 1996 225: 430–436
Bodrug SE, Aime-Sempe C, Sata T, Krajewski S, Hanada M, Reed JC . Biochemical and functional comparisons of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins: evidence for a novel mechanism of regulating bcl-2 family protein function Cell Death Diff 1995 2: 173–182
Moulding DA, Giles RV, Spiller DG, White MR, Tidd DM, Edwards SW . Apoptosis is rapidly triggered by antisense depletion of MCL-1 in differentiating U937 cells Blood 2000 96: 1756–1763
Townsend KJ, Trusty JL, Traupman MA, Eastman A, Craig RW . Expression of the antiapoptotic MCL1 gene product is regulated by a mitogen activated protein kinase-mediated pathway triggered through microtubule disruption and protein kinase C Oncogene 1998 17: 1223–1234
Fukuchi Y, Kizaki M, Yamato K, Kawamura C, Umezawa A, Hata J, Nishihara T, Ikeda Y . Mcl-1, an early-induction molecule, modulates activin A-induced apoptosis and differentiation in CML cells Oncogene 2001 20: 704–713
Wang S, Rosengren L, Hamberger A, Haglid K . Antisense inhibiton of BCL-2 expression induced retinoic acid-mediated cell death during differentiation of human NT2N neurons J Neurochem 2001 76: 1089–1098
Wakabayashi K, Saito H, Ebinuma H, Saito Y, Takagi T, Nakamura M, Umezawa A, Hata J, Ishii H . Bcl-2 related proteins are dramatically induced at the early stage of differentiation in human liver cancer cells by a histone deacetylase inhibitor projecting an anti-apoptotic role during this period Oncol Rep 2000 7: 285–288
Sano M, Umezawa A, Abe H, Akatsuka A, Nonaka S, Shimizu H, Fukuma M, Hata J . EAT/mcl-1 expression in the human embryonal carcinoma cells undergoing differentiation or apoptosis Exp Cell Res 2001 266: 114–125
Zhou P, Qian L, Bieszczad CK, Noelle R, Binder M, Levy NB, Craig RW . Mcl1 in transgenic mice promotes survival in a spectrum of hematopoietic cell types, allowing for immortalization in the myeloid lineage Blood 1998 92: 3226–3239
Sana M, Umezawa A, Suzuki A, Shimoda K, Fukuma M, Hata J . Involvement of EAT/mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related gene, in murine embryogenesis and human development Exp Cell Res 2000 259: 127–139
Rinkenberger JL, Horning S, Klocke B, Roth K, Korsmeyer SJ . Mcl-1 deficiency results in peri-implantation embryonic lethality Genes Dev 2000 14: 21–27
Cory S . Regulation of lymphocyte survival by the Bcl-2 gene family Ann Rev Immunol 1995 13: 5133–5143
Krajewski S, Bodrug S, Gascoyne R, Berean K, Krajewska M, Reed JC . Immunohistochemical analysis of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins in normal and neoplastic lymph nodes Am J Pathol 1994 145: 515–525
Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Shabaik A, Wang HG, Irie S, Fong L, Reed JC . Immunohistochemical analysis of in vivo patterns of Bcl-x expression Cancer Res 1994 54: 5501–5507
Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Shabaik A, Miyashita T, Wang HG, Reed JC . Immunohistochemical determination of in vivo distribution of Bax, a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2 Am J Pathol 1994 145: 1323–1336
Krajewski S, Bodrug S, Krajewska M, Shabaik A, Gascoyne R, Berean K, Reed JC . Immunohistochemical analysis of Mcl-1 protein in human tissues. Differential regulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 protein production suggests a unique role for Mcl-1 in control of programmed cell death in vivo Am J Pathol 1995 146: 1309–1319
Ghia P, Boussiotis VA, Schultze JL, Cardoso AA, Dorfman DM, Gribben JG, Freedman AS, Nadler LM . Unbalanced expression of bcl-2 family proteins in follicular lymphoma: contribution of CD40 signaling in promoting survival Blood 1998 91: 244–251
Ohta K, Iwae K, Kasahara Y, Taniguchi N, Krajjewski S, Reed JC, Miyawaki T . Immunoblot analysis of cellular expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X and Mcl-1, in human peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues Int Immunol 1995 7: 1817–1825
Tomkova H, Fujimoto W, Arata J . Expression of the bcl-2 family of genes in the course of keratinocyte differentiation Eur J Dermatol 1999 9: 191–196
Merino R, Ding L, Veis DJ, Korsmeyer SJ, Nunez G . Developmental regulation of the Bcl-2 protein and susceptibility to cell death in B lymphocytes EMBO J 1994 13: 683–691
Chao JR, Wang JM, Lee SF, Peng HW, Lin YH, Chou CH, Li JC, Huang HM, Chou CK, Kuo ML, Yen JJ, Yang-Yen HF . mcl-1 is an immediate-early gene activated by the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling pathway and is one component of the GM-CSF viability response Mol Cell Biol 1998 18: 4883–4898
Huang HM, Huang CJ, Yen JJ . Mcl-1 is a common target of stem cell factor and interleukin-5 for apoptosis prevention activity via MEK/MAPK and PI-3K/Akt pathways Blood 2000 96: 1764–1771
Packham G, White EL, Eischen CM, Yang H, Parganas E, Ihle JN, Grillot DAM, Zambetti GP, Nunez G, Cleveland JL . Selective regulation of BCLXL by a Jak kinase-dependent pathway is bypassed in murine hematopoietic malignancies Genes Dev 1998 12: 2475–2487
Kuribara R, Kinoshita T, Miyajima A, Shinjyo T, Yoshihara T, Inukai T, Ozawa K, Look AT, Inaba T . Two distinct interleukin-3-mediated signal pathways, Ras-NFIL3 (E4BP4) and Bcl-xL, regulate the survival of murine pro-B lymphocytes Mol Cell Biol 1999 19: 2754–27662
Fujise K, Zhang D, Liu J, Yeh ETH . Regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression by MCL1: differential role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen J Biol Chem 2000 50: 39458–39465
Katoh O, Takahashi T, Kuramoto K, Mihara K, Kobayashi M, Hirata S, Watanabe H . Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits apoptotic death in hematopoietic cells after exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs by inducing MCL1 acting as an antiapoptotic factor Cancer Res 1998 58: 5565–5569
Leuenroth SJ, Grutkoski PS, Ayala A, Simms HH . The loss of Mcl-1 expression in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes promotes apoptosis J Leuk Biol 2000 68: 158–166
Moulding DA, Quayle JA, Hart CA, Edwards SW . Mcl-1 expression in human neutrophils: regulation by cytokines and correlation with cell survival Blood 1998 92: 2495–2502
Dibbert B, Weber M, Nikolaizik WH, Vogt P, Schoni MH, Blaser K, Simon HU . Cytokine-mediated Bax deficiency and consequent delayed neutrophil apoptosis: a general mechanism to accumulate effector cells in inflammation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96: 13330–13335
Weinmann P, Gaehtgens P, Walzog B . Bcl-XL- and Bax-alpha-mediated regulation of apoptosis of human neutrophils via caspase-3 Blood 1999 93: 3106–3115
Chuang PI, Yee E, Karsan A, Winn RK, Harlan JM . A1 is a constitutive and inducible Bcl-2 homologue in mature human neutrophils Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 249: 361–365
Orlofsky A, Somogyi RD, Weiss LM, Prystowsky MB . The murine antiapoptotic protein A1 is induced in inflammatory macrophages and constitutively expressed in neutrophils J Immunol 1999 163: 412–419
Hamasaki A, Sendo F, Nakayama K, Ishida N, Negishi I, Nakayama KI, Hatakeyama S . Accelerated neutrophil apoptosis in mice lacking A1-a, a subtype of the bcl-2-related A1 gene J Exp Med 1998 188: 1985–1992
Druilhe A, Arock M, LeGoff L, Pretolani M . Human eosinophils express Bcl-2 family proteins: modulation of Mcl-1 expression by INF-gamma Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998 18: 315–322
Zangrilli J, Robertson N, Shetty A, Wu J, Hastie A, Fish JE, Litwack G, Peters SP . Effect of IL-5, glucocorticoid, and Fas ligation on Bcl-2 homologue expression and caspase activation in circulating human eosinophils Clin Exp Immunol 2000 120: 12–21
Dewson G, Walsh GM, Wardlaw AJ . Expression of Bcl-2 and its homologues in human eosinophils. Modulation by interleukin-5 Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999 20: 720–728
Dibbert B, Daigle I, Braun D, Schranz C, Weber M, Blaser K, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Akbar AN, Simon HU . Role for Bcl-xL in delayed eosinophil apoptosis mediated by granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5 Blood 1998 92: 778–783
Ochiai K, Kagami M, Matsumura R, Tomioka H . IL-5 but not interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inhibits eosinophil apoptosis by up-regulation of bcl-2 expression Clin Exp Immunol 1997 107: 198–204
Katoh N, Kraft S, Wessendorf JH, Bieber T . The high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) blocks apoptosis in normal human monocytes J Clin Invest 2000 105: 183–190
Sevilla L, Zaldumbide A, Carlotti F, Dayem MA, Pognonec P, Boulukos KE . BCLX expression correlates with primary macrophage differentiation, activation of functional competence, and survival and results from synergistic transcriptional activation by Ets2 and Pu.1 J Biol Chem 2001 276: 17800–17807
Klampfer L, Cammenga J, Wisniewski HG, Nimer SD . Sodium salicylate activates caspases and induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemia cell lines Blood 1999 93: 2386–2394
Lomo J, Smeland EB, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Blomhoff HK . Expression of the Bcl-2 homologue Mcl-1 correlates with survival of peripheral blood B lymphocytes Cancer Res 1996 56: 40–43
Lomo J, Blomhoff HK, Jacobsen SE, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Smeland EB . Interleukin-13 in combination with CD40 ligand potently inhibits apoptosis in human B lymphocytes: upregulation of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 Blood 1997 89: 4415–4424
Myklebust JH, Josefsen D, Blomhoff HK, Levy FO, Naderi S, Reed JC, Smeland EB . Activation of the cAMP signaling pathway increases apoptosis in human B-precursor cells and is associated with downregulation of Mcl-1 expression J Cell Physiol 1999 180: 71–80
Li L, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Choi YS . The apoptosis and proliferation of SAC-activated B cells by IL-10 are associated with changes in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 expression Cell Immunol 1997 178: 33–41
Wang S, Rowe M, Lundgren E . Expression of the Epstein–Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 causes a rapid and transient stimulation of the Bcl-2 homologue Mcl-1 levels in B-cell lines Cancer Res 1996 56: 4610–4613
Kenney JL, Guinness ME, Curiel T, Lacy J . Antisense to the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) suppresses LMP-1 and bcl-2 expression and promotes apoptosis in EBV-immortalized B cells Blood 1998 92: 1721–1727
Henderson S, Rowe M, Gregory C, Croom-Carter D, Wang F, Longnecker R, Kieff E, Rickinson A . Induction of bcl-2 expression by Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 protects infected B cells from programmed cell death Cell 1991 65: 1107–1115
Finke J, Fritzen R, Ternes P, Trivedi P, Bross KJ, Lange W, Mertelsmann R, Dolken G . Expression of bcl-2 in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines: induction by latent Epstein–Barr virus genes Blood 1992 80: 459–469
Altmeyer A, Simmons RC, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Bornkamm GW, Chen-Kiang S . Reversal of EBV immortalization precedes apoptosis in IL-6-induced human B cell terminal differentiation Immunity 1997 7: 667–677
Puthier D, Thabard W, Rapp MJ, Etrillard M, Harousseau JL, Bataille R, Amiot M . Interferon alpha extends the survival of human myeloma cells through an upregulation of the Mcl-1 antiapoptotic molecule Br J Haematol 2001 112: 358–363
Jourdan M, De Vos J, Mechti N, Klein B . Regulation of Bcl-2-family proteins in myeloma cells by three myeloma survival factors: interleukin-6, interferon-alpha and insulin-like growth factor 1 Cell Death Diff 2000 7: 1244–1252
Puthier D, Barille SD, Moreau P, Harousseau JL, Bataille R, Amiot M . Mcl-1 and BclxL are co-regulated by IL-6 in human myeloma cells Br J Haematol 1999 107: 392–395
Schwarze MM, Hawley RG . Prevention of myeloma cell apoptosis by ectopic bcl-2 expression or interleukin 6-mediated up-regulation of bcl-xL Cancer Res 1995 55: 2262–2265
Leo CP, Hsu Sy, Chun S-Y, Bae H-Y, Hsueh AJW . Characterization of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and the stimulation of its message by gonadotropins in the rat ovary Endocrinology 1999 140: 5469–5477
Johnson AL . Mcl-1 – just another antiapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog? Endocrinology 1999 140: 5465–5467
Suzuki A, Umezawa A, Sano M, Nozawa S, Hata J . Involvement of EAT/mcl-1, a bcl-2 related gene, in the apoptotic mechanisms underlying human placental development and maintenance Placenta 2000 21: 177–183
Zhan Q, Bieszczad CK, Bae I, Fornace A Jr, Craig RW . Induction of Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 as an early response to DNA damage Oncogene 1997 14: 1031–1039
Goldwasser F, Bae I, Fornace AJ, Pommier Y . Differential GADD45, p21CIP/WAF1, MCL-1 and topoisomerase II gene induction and secondary DNA fragmentation after camptothecin-induced DNA damage in two mutant p53 human colon cancer cell lines Oncol Res 1996 8: 317–323
Zhan Q, Fan S, Bae I, Guillouf C, Liebermann DA, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr . Induction of BAX by genotoxic stress in human cells correlates with normal p53 status and apoptosis Oncogene 1994 9: 3743–3751
Miyashita T, Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Wang HG, Lin HK, Liebermann DA, Hoffman B, Reed JC . Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo Oncogene 1994 9: 1799–1805
Zhan Q, Alamo I, Yu K, Boise LH, Cherney B, Tosato G, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr . The apoptosis-associated gamma-ray response of BCL-X(L) depends on normal p53 function Oncogene 1996 13: 2287–2293
Matsushita K, Umezawa A, Iwanaga S, Oda T, Okita H, Kimura K, Shimada M, Tanaka M, Sano M, Ogawa S, Hata J . The EAT/mcl-1 gene, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is up-regulated in the early stage of myocardial infarction Biochim Biophys Acta 1999 1472: 471–478
Wu CF, Bishopric NH, Pratt RE . Atrial natriuretic peptide induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes J Biol Chem 1997 19: 6195–6206
Murdock DG, Boone BE, Esposito LA, Wallace DC . Up-regulation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in the skeletal muscle of mice lacking the heart/muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator J Biol Chem 1999 274: 14429–14433
Vaux DL, Cory S, Adams J . Bcl-2 gene promotes hemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells Nature 1988 335: 440–442
Cory S, Vaux DL, Strasser A, Harris AW, Adams JM . Insights from Bcl-2 and Myc: malignancy involves abrogation of apoptosis as well as sustained proliferation Cancer Res 1999 59S7: 1685–1692
Hahn WC, Counter CM, Lundberg AS, Beijersbergen RL, Brooks MW, Weinberg RA . Creation of human tumour cells with defined genetic elements Nature 1999 400: 464–468
Zhou P, Levy NB, Xie H, Qian L, Gascoyne RD, Craig RW . MCL1 transgenic mice exhibit a high incidence of B cell lymphoma manifested as a spectrum of histologic subtypes Blood 2001 97: 3902–3909
McDonnell TJ, Korsmeyer SJ . Progression from lymphoid hyperplasia to high-grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14;18) Nature 1991 349: 254–256
Townsend KJ, Zhou P, Bieszczad CK, Qian L, Craig RW . Regulation of MCL1 by a serum response factor/Elk-1-mediated mechanism links expression of a viability-promoting member of the Bcl-2 family to the induction of hematopoietic cell differentiation J Biol Chem 1999 274: 1802–1813
Leuenroth SJ, Grutkoski PS, Ayala A, Simms HH . Suppression of PMN apoptosis by hypoxia is dependent on Mcl-1 and MAPK activity Surgery 2000 128: 171–177
Boucher MJ, Morisset J, Vachon PH, Reed JC, Laine J, Rivard N . MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Mcl-1 and promotes survival of human pancreatic cells J Cell Biochem 2000 79: 355–369
Leu CM, Chang C, Hu C . Epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses staurosporine-induced apoptosis by inducing mcl-1 via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway Oncogene 2000 19: 1665–1675
Kuo ML, Chuang SE, Lin MT, Yang SY . The involvement of PI3K/Akt-dependent upregulation of Mcl-1 in the prevention of apoptosis of Hep3B cells by interleukin-6 Oncogene 2001 20: 677–685
Wang JM, Chao J-R, Chen W, Kuo M-L, Yen JJY, Yang-Yen HF . The antiapoptotic gene mcl-1 is up-regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway through a transcription factor complex containing CREB Mol Cell Biol 1999 19: 6195–6206
Puthier D, Bataille R, Amiot M . IL-6 up-regulates mcl-1 in human myeloma cells through JAK/STAT rather than ras/MAP kinase pathway Eur J Immunol 1999 29: 3945–3950
Epling-Burnette PK, Liu JH, Catlett-Falcone R, Turkson J, Oshiro M, Kothapalli R, Li Y, Wang JM, Yang-Yen HF, Karras J, Jove R, Loughran TP Jr . Inhibition of STAT3 signaling leads to apoptosis of leukemic large granular lymphocytes and decreased Mcl-1 expression J Clin Invest 2001 107: 351–362
Epling-Burnette PK, Zhong B, Bai F, Jiang K, Bailey RD, Garcia R, Jove R, Djeu JY, Loughran TP Jr, Wei S . Cooperative regulation of Mcl-1 by Janus kinase/stat and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase contribute to granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor-delayed apoptosis in human neutrophils J Immunol 2001 166: 7486–7495
Bingle CD, Craig RW, Hanks BM, Eaton V, Zhou P, Whyte MKB . Exon skipping in Mcl-1 results in a Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only gene product that promotes cell death J Biol Chem 2000 275: 22136–22146
Gross A, McDonnell JM, Korsmeyer SJ . BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis Genes Dev 1999 13: 632–640
Boise LH, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Postema CE, Ding L, Lindsten T, Turka L, Mao X, Nunez G, Thompson CB . bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death Cell 1993 74: 597–608
Domina A, Smith JH, Craig RW . Myeloid cell leukemia 1 is phosphorylated through two distinct pathways, one involving ERK activation and the other G2/M accumulation or protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibition J Biol Chem 2000 275: 21688–21694
Ito T, Deng X, Carr B, May WS . Bcl-2 phosphorylation required for anti-apoptosis function J Biol Chem 1997 272: 11671–11673
Haldar S, Jena N, Croce CM . Antiapoptosis potential of bcl-2 oncogene by dephosphorylation Biochem Cell Biol 1994 72: 455–462
Haldar S, Jena N, Croce CM . Inactivation of Bcl-2 by phosphorylation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92: 4507–4511
Haldar S, Chintapalli J, Croce CM . Taxol induces bcl-2 phosphorylation and death of prostate cancer cells Cancer Res 1996 56: 1253–1255
Haldar S, Basu A, Croce CM . Bcl2 is the guardian of microtubule integrity Cancer Res 1997 57: 229–233
Haldar S, Basu A, Croce CM . Serine-70 is one of the critical sites for drug-induced Bcl2 phosphorylation in cancer cells Cancer Res 1998 58: 1609–1615
Deng X, Ito T, Carr B, Mumby M, May WS Jr . Reversible phosphorylation of Bcl2 following interleukin 3 or bryostatin 1 is mediated by direct interaction with protein phosphatase 2A J Biol Chem 1998 273: 34157–34163
Deng X, Ruvolo PP, Carr B, May WS . ERK2 is a physiologic staurosporin-resistant Bcl2 kinase (SRK) Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1999 40: 307
Vrana JA, Domina AM, Craig RW . Stabilization of MCL1 protein by PKC/MAP kinase activation Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 2001 42: 307
Breitschopf K, Haendeler J, Malchow P, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S . Posttranscriptional modification of Bcl-2 facilitates its proteasome-dependent degradation: molecular characterization of the involved signaling pathway Mol Cell Biol 2000 20: 1886–1896
Akgul C, Moulding DA, White MRH, Edwards SW . In vivo localization and stability of human Mcl-1 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins FEBS Lett 2000 478: 72–76
Gascoyne RD, Adomat SA, Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Horsman DE, Tolcher AW, O'Reilly SE, Hoskins P, Coldman AJ, Reed JC, Connors JM . Prognostic significance of Bcl-2 protein expression and Bcl-2 gene rearrangement in diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Blood 1997 90: 244–251
Reed JC . Molecular biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Implications for therapy Semin Hematol 1998 35: 3–11
Tsujimoto Y, Croce CM . Analysis of the structure, transcripts, and protein products of bcl-2, the gene involved in human follicular lymphoma Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986 83: 5214–5218
Mercatante DR, Bortner CD, Cidlowski JA, Kole R . Modification of alternative splicing of Bcl-x pre-mRNA in prostate and breast cancer cells: analysis of apoptosis and cell death J Biol Chem 2001 276: 16411–16417
Pepper C, Hoy T, Bentley P . Elevated Bcl-2/Bax are a consistent feature of apoptosis resistance in B-cell chronic leukaemia and are correlated with in vivo chemoresistance Leuk Lymphoma 1998 28: 355–361
Kitada S, Andersen J, Akar S, Zapata JM, Takayama S, Krajewski S, Wang HG, Zhang X, Bullrich F, Croce CM, Rai K, Hines J, Reed JC . Expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlations with in vitro and in vivo chemoresponses Blood 1998 91: 3379–3389
Bellosillo B, Villamor N, Colomer D, Pons G, Montserrat E, Gil J . In vitro evaluation of fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide and/or mitoxantrone in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Blood 1999 94: 2836–2843
Kitada S, Zapata JM, Andreeff M, Reed JC . Protein kinase inhibitors flavopiridol and 7-hydroxy-staurosporine down-regulate antiapoptosis proteins in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Blood 2000 96: 393–397
Kaufmann SH, Karp JE, Svingen PA, Krajewski S, Burke PJ, Gore SD, Reed JC . Elevated expression of the apoptotic regulator Mcl-1 at the time of leukemic relapse Blood 1998 91: 991–1000
Nicholson DW . From bench to clinic with apoptosis-based therapeutic agents Nature 2000 407: 810–816
Konopleva M, Tari AM, Estrov Z, Harris D, Xie Z, Zhao S, Lopez-Berestein G, Andreeff M . Liposomal Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides enhance proliferation, sensitize acute myeloid leukemia to cytosine-arabinoside, and induce apoptosis independent of other antiapoptotic proteins Blood 2001 95: 3929–3938
Korsmeyer SJ . BCL-2 gene family and the regulation of programmed cell death Cancer Res 1999 59S: 1693–1700
Bissonnette RP, Echeverri F, Mahboubi A, Green DR . Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2 Nature 1992 359: 552–554
Cotter FE, Waters J, Cunningham D . Human Bcl-2 antisense therapy Biochim Biophys Acta 1999 1489: 97–107
Lopes de Menezes DE, Hudon N, McIntosh N, Mayer LD . Molecular and pharmacokinetic properties associated with the therapeutics of bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide G3139 combined with free and liposomal doxorubicin Clin Cancer Res 2000 6: 2891–2902
Simoes-Wust AP, Olie RA, Gautschi O, Leech SH, Haner R, Hall J, Fabbro D, Stahel RA, Zangemeister-Wittke U . Bcl-xl antisense treatment induces apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells Int J Cancer 2000 87: 582–590
Miyake H, Monia BP, Gleave ME . Inhibition of progression to androgen-independence by combined adjuvant treatment with BCL-XL and antisense BCL-2 oligonucleotides plus taxol after castration in the Shionogi tumor model Int J Cancer 2000 86: 855–862
Klasa RJ, Bally MB, Ng R, Goldie JH, Gascoyne RD, Wong FM . Eradication of human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in SCID mice by BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotides combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide Clin Cancer Res 2000 6: 2492–2500
Julien T, Frankel B, Longo S, Kyle M, Gibson S, Shillitoe E, Ryken T . Antisense-mediated inhibition of the bcl-2 gene induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma Surg Neurol 2000 53: 360–368
Uchida T, Gao JP, Wang C, Satoh T, Itoh I, Muramoto M, Hyodo T, Irie A, Akahoshi T, Jiang SX, Kameya T, Baba S . Antitumor effects of bcl-2 antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides on human renal-cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in mice Molec Urol 2001 5: 71–78
Jansen B, Wacheck V, Heere-Rees E, Schlagbauer-Wadl H, Hoeller C, Lucas T, Hoermann M, Hollenstein U, Wolff K, Pehamberger H . Chemosensitisation of malignant melanoma by BCL2 antisense therapy Lancet 2000 356: 1728–1733
Leung S, Miyake H, Zellweger T, Tolcher A, Gleave ME . Synergistic chemosensitization and inhibition of progression to androgen independence by antisense Bcl-2 oligonucleotide and paclitaxel in the LNCaP prostate model Int J Cancer 2001 91: 846–850
Zangemeister-Wittke U, Leech SH, Olie RA, Simoes-Wust AP, Gautschi O, Luedke GH, Natt F, Haner R, Martin P, Hall J, Balin CM, Stahel RA . A novel bispecific antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting both bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression efficiently induces apoptosis in tumor cells Clin Cancer Res 2000 6: 2547–2555
Gautschi O, Tschopp S, Olie RA, Leech SH, Simoes-Wust AP, Ziegler A, Baumann B, Odermatt B, Hall J, Stahel RA, Zangemeister-Wittke U . Activity of a novel bcl-2/bcl-x bispecific antisense oligonucleotide against tumors of diverse histologic origins J Natl Cancer Inst 2001 93: 463–471
Mier W, Eritja R, Mohammed A, Haberkorn U, Eisenhut M . Preparation and evaluation of tumor-targeting peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates Bioconj Chem 2000 11: 855–860
Potter PM, McKenzie PP, Hussain N, Noonberg S, Morton CL, Harris LC . Construction of adenovirus for high level expression of small RNAs in mammalian cells. Application to a Bcl-2 ribozyme Mol Biotechnol 2000 15: 105–114
Fairbairn LJ, Cowling GJ, Reipert BM, Dexter TM . Suppression of apoptosis allows differentiation and development of a multipotent hemopoietic cell line in the absence of added growth factors Cell 1993 74: 823–832
Raff MC . Social controls on cell survival and cell death Nature 1992 356: 397–400
Schubert KM, Duronio V . Distinct roles for extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the regulation of Mcl-1 synthesis Biochem J 2001 356: 473–480