Journal of Hypertension
Original article
Polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme but not in the angiotensinogen gene is associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes
the Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project
Bengtsson, Kristina1,2,6; Orho-Melander, Marju2; Lindblad, Ulf3,4; Melander, Olle2; Bøg-Hansen, Erik1; Ranstam, Jonas5; Råstam, Lennart3; Groop, Leif2
1Primary Health Care Centre in Skara, Sweden
2Department of Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
3Department of Community Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
4Skaraborg Institute, Skövde, Sweden
5NEPI Foundation, Malmö and Stockholm, Sweden
6Correspondence and requests for reprints to K. Bengtsson, MD, Billingen Health Care Centre, Ekängsvägen 15, S-541 40 Skövde, Sweden. Tel: +46 500 478 669; Tel/Fax: +46 500 478 714
Sponsorship: This study was supported ny the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, the Swedish Medical Research Council, National Public Health Institute, Skaraborg Institute, Skaraborg County Council, the Pählsson Foundation, the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University and NEPI Foundation (The Sweden Network of Pharmacoepidemiology).
Received 21 January 1999 Revised 29 June 1999 Accepted 27 July 1999
Abstract
Objective
To study the association between polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in a community population.
Patients and methods
The insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene were genotyped in 773 nondiabetic individuals with hypertension, 193 normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, 243 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and in 820 normotensive control individuals identified in a community-based study.
Results
The DD genotype was associated with hypertension in individuals less than 70 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–2.18] and remained so when patients with type 2 diabetes were excluded from the analysis (OR = 1.45, Cl = 1.01–2.09). The strongest association was with the combination of type 2 diabetes and hypertension (OR = 2.19, Cl = 1.09–4.38). There was no association with type 2 diabetes without hypertension. No association was observed between the M235T variant or the 3′-microsatellite polymorphism of the AGT gene and hypertension.
Conclusion
The D-allele of the ACE gene ID polymorphism increases susceptibility to hypertension, particularly when associated with type 2 diabetes. No association was observed between the M235T variant or 3′-microsatellite polymorphism of the AGT gene and hypertension.