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OTR-21 Tochka

️Fri Aug 15 2008

OTR-21 Tochka SS-21 Scarab

Type	Tactical ballistic missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1976-present (Scarab A) 1986-present (Scarab B)
Used by	See operators
Production history
Manufacturer	KBM (Kolomna)
Specifications
Weight	2,000 kg (4,400 lb) Scarab A 2,010 kg (4,400 lb) Scarab B
Length	6.4 m (21 ft)
Diameter	0.65 m (2 ft 2 in)

Warhead	Chemical, 100 kt nuclear warhead, EMP, or fragmentation filling

Engine	Single-stage solid propellant
Operational range	70 km (43 mi) Scarab A 120 km (75 mi) Scarab B
Speed	1.8 km/s (1.1 mi/s)
Guidance system	Inertial with GLONASS
Launch platform	Mobile TEL

OTR-21 Tochka (Russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР) «Точка»; English: Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Tochka", "Point") is a Soviet short-range tactical ballistic missile. Its GRAU designation is 9K79; its NATO reporting name is SS-21 Scarab. It is transported in a 9P129 vehicle, then erected vertically prior to launch. It uses an inertial guidance system.

The OTR-21 forward deployment to the German Democratic Republic began in 1981, replacing the earlier FROG series of unguided ballistic missiles.

Description

The OTR-21 is a mobile missile launch system, designed to be deployed along with other land combat units on the battlefield. While the FROG-7 is large and relatively inaccurate, the OTR-21 is much smaller. The missile itself can be used for precise strikes on enemy tactical targets, such as control posts, bridges, storage facilities, troop concentrations and airfields. The fragmentation warhead can be replaced with a nuclear, biological or chemical warhead. The solid propellant makes the missile easy to maintain and deploy.

OTR-21 units are usually managed in a brigade structure. There are 18 launchers in a brigade; each launcher is provided with 2 or 3 missiles. The vehicle is completely amphibious, with a maximum road speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) and 8 km/h (5.0 mph) in water. It is NBC-protected. The system has been in development since 1968. Three variants have been created.

Scarab A

The initial Scarab A entered service with the Soviet Army in 1975. It carries one of three types of warhead:

482 kg (1,060 lb) of conventional HE
fragmentation (lethal radius more than 200 m (660 ft)
nuclear

The minimal range is about 15 km (9.3 mi), maximum range is 70 km (43 mi); its Circular Error Probable (CEP) is estimated to be about 150 m (490 ft).

Scarab B

The improved Scarab B (Tochka-U) was introduced in 1989. Improved propellant increased the range to 120 km (75 mi). CEP significantly improved, to less than 95 m (312 ft).

Scarab C

A third variant, Scarab C, was developed in the 1990s. Again, range increased (185 km (115 mi)), and CEP decreased^{[citation needed]}. Scarab C weighs 1,800 kg (4,000 lb).

Others

North Korea has developed a local variant, the KN-02 Toksa (Viper), by reverse-engineering Syrian-supplied Scarab A missiles.^[1] The Toksa has a range of 120-140 kilometers, and it is the most accurate ballistic missile in KPA's inventory to date. KN-02 uses a MAZ-630308-224 truck instead of the 9P129.

Use in combat

Russia used the missiles in the Chechen Wars.^[2]

At least 15 Tochka missiles were deployed by Russian forces from August 8–11 during the 2008 South Ossetia war.^[3]

Operators

Azerbaijan

Belarus

36 ^[4]

Bulgaria

8 launchers and 21 missiles (Scarab-A)

Iran

unknown number

Kazakhstan

unknown number

North Korea

about 50

Russia

140

Ukraine

90 ^[5]

Syria

1 brigade plus at least 36 missiles

Yemen

Former operators

Czechoslovakia

passed on to successor states.

Czech Republic

inherited from Czechoslovakia, retired.

Hungary

less than 10, retired

Poland

4 ^[6] retired in 2005, because of lack of rockets and service parts

Slovakia

small number, inherited from Czechoslovakia, all retired.

Soviet Union

Passed on to successor states.

References

^ globalsecurity.org
^ "It Was No Spontaneous, But Planned War". Novaya Gazeta. http://en.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/59/01.html.
^ Fulghum, David A.; Douglas Barrie, Robert Wall and Andy Nativi (2008-08-15). "Georgian Military Folds Under Russian Attack". Aviation Week. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw081808p2.xml&headline=Georgian%20Military%20Folds%20Under%20Russian%20Attack. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
^ Belarus Army Equipment
^ Ground Forces Equipment - Ukraine
^ MILITARIUM - Wojsko Polskie - Uzbrojenie

External links

v · d · eRussian, Ukrainian, and former Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II

Tanks

T-10 T-54/55 T-55AGM PT-76 T-62 T-64 T-72 T-80 T-84 T-90

Armoured personnel carriers

Tracked	BTR-50 MT-LB BTR-D

Wheeled	BTR-3 BTR-4 BTR-40 BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80 BTR-90 BPM-97 BTR-94 BTR-152

Infantry fighting vehicles

BMP-1 BMP-2 BMP-3 BMD-1 BMD-2 BMD-3 BTR-T BMPT

Self-propelled artillery

Guns	2S1 Gvozdika 2S3 Akatsiya 2S4 Tyulpan 2S5 Giatsint 2S7 Pion 2S9 Nona 2S19 Msta 2S23 Nona-SVK 2S25 Sprut-SD 2S30 Iset 2S31 Vena ASU-57 ASU-85 A-222 Bereg

MRLs	BM-14 BM-21 Grad BM-24 BM-25 BM-27 Uragan TOS-1 BM-30 Smerch

Missiles	2K6 Luna (FROG-3/5) 9K52 Luna-M (FROG-7) 9K79 Tochka (SS-21 Scarab) R-400 Oka (SS-23 Spider) Iskander (SS-26 Stone) K-300P Bastion-P

Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons

Guns	BTR-40A BTR-152A BTR-152D ZSU-57-2 ZSU-23-4 2S6 Tunguska Pantsir-S1

Missiles	2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef) 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) 9K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison) 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) 9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13 Gopher) 9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly) 9K330 Tor (SA-15 Gauntlet) S-300 (SA-10 Grumble) Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound)

v · d · eNATO Designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

Air-to-air missiles complete list

AA-1 Alkali AA-2 Atoll AA-3 Anab AA-4 Awl AA-5 Ash AA-6 Acrid AA-7 Apex AA-8 Aphid AA-9 Amos AA-10 Alamo AA-11 Archer AA-12 Adder AA-X-13 Arrow

Air-to-surface missiles complete list

AS-1 Kennel AS-2 Kipper AS-3 Kangaroo AS-4 Kitchen AS-5 Kelt AS-6 Kingfish AS-7 Kerry AS-9 Kyle AS-10 Karen AS-11 Kilter AS-12 Kegler AS-13 Kingbolt AS-14 Kedge AS-15 Kent AS-16 Kickback AS-17 Krypton AS-19 Koala

Anti-tank missiles complete list

AT-1 Snapper AT-2 Swatter AT-3 Sagger AT-4 Spigot AT-5 Spandrel AT-6 Spiral AT-7 Saxhorn AT-8 Songster AT-9 Spiral-2 AT-10 Stabber AT-11 Sniper AT-12 Swinger AT-13 Saxhorn-2 АТ-14 Spriggan АТ-15 Springer AT-16 Scallion

Ground based	SA-1 Guild SA-2 Guideline SA-3 Goa SA-4 Ganef SA-5 Gammon SA-6 Gainful SA-7 Grail SA-8 Gecko SA-9 Gaskin SA-10 Grumble SA-11 Gadfly SA-12 Gladiator/Giant SA-13 Gopher SA-14 Gremlin SA-15 Gauntlet SA-16 Gimlet SA-17 Grizzly SA-18 Grouse SA-19 Grison SA-20 Gargoyle SA-21 Growler SA-22 Greyhound SA-23 Gladiator\Giant SA-24 Grinch

Naval based	SA-N-1 Goa SA-N-2 Guideline SA-N-3 Goblet SA-N-4 Gecko SA-N-5 Grail SA-N-6 Grumble SA-N-7 Gadfly SA-N-8 Gremlin SA-N-9 Gauntlet SA-N-10 Grouse SA-N-11 Grison SA-N-12 Grizzly SA-N-14 Grouse SA-N-20 Gargoyle

Surface-to-surface missiles
complete list

Ground based	SS-1 Scud SS-2 Sibling SS-3 Shyster SS-4 Sandal SS-5 Skean SS-6 Sapwood SS-7 Saddler SS-8 Sasin SS-9 Scarp SS-10 Scrag SS-11 Sego SS-12 Scaleboard SS-13 Savage SS-14 Scamp\Scapegoat SS-15 Scrooge SS-16 Sinner SS-17 Spanker SS-18 Satan SS-19 Stiletto SS-20 Saber SS-21 Scarab SS-22 Scaleboard SS-23 Spider SS-24 Scalpel SS-25 Sickle SS-26 Stone SS-27 Sickle B

Naval based	SS-N-1 Scrubber SS-N-2 Styx SS-N-3 Shaddock SS-N-4 Sark SS-N-5 Sark/Serb SS-N-6 Serb SS-N-7 Starbright SS-N-8 Sawfly SS-N-9 Siren SS-N-12 Sandbox SS-N-13 Serb SS-N-14 Silex SS-N-15 Starfish SS-N-16 Stallion SS-N-17 Snipe SS-N-18 Stingray SS-N-19 Shipwreck SS-N-20 Sturgeon SS-N-21 Sampson SS-N-22 Sunburn SS-N-23 Skiff SS-N-23 Sineva SS-N-23 Liner SS-N-24 Scorpion SS-N-25 Switchblade SS-N-26 SS-N-27 Sizzler SS-N-28 · SS-N-29 SS-NX-30