Charles, Grand Duke of Baden

Charles, Grand Duke of Baden (Karl Ludwig Friedrich; 8 July 1786, Karlsruhe^[1] – 8 December 1818, Rastatt^[1]) became ruler of Baden on June 11, 1811 and ruled until his death. He was born in Karlsruhe.

His father was Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, the heir to the Margraviate of Baden, which was raised to a grand duchy after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. His mother was Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt, the daughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was the brother-in-law of the rulers of Bavaria, Russia and Sweden. His eldest sister Caroline was the queen consort of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, his second eldest sister Louise was the Empress consort of Alexander I of Russia and his third eldest sister Frederica was the queen consort of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden.

At the age of 15, Charles went on a journey to visit his sisters in their courts in St. Petersburg and Stockholm. He was on his way home with his father, when his father died in a fall from his coach on December 15, 1801. Charles was a witness to this accident.^[1]

Due to the strong influence of France on the court of Baden, Charles was forced to marry, Stéphanie de Beauharnais, adopted daughter of Napoléon I of France in Paris on April 8, 1806. This despite his own protests and those of his mother and sisters. Charles apparently preferred the hand of his cousin Princess Augusta of Bavaria. It would be 5 years before the couple would produce an heir.^[1]

Charles went to war in 1807 as head of the Baden contingent under Marshal Lefebvre. There he took part in the siege of Danzig.^[1]

In 1808, Charles returned to the side of his grandfather. His grandfather's age was beginning to show and Charles became coregent. Charles was 25 years old when he succeeded his grandfather Charles Frederick upon the latters death on June 11, 1811.^[1]

Events that occurred during his reign

• The end of Napoleon I's rule and the Congress of Vienna, which confirmed the territorial gains Baden had made during the Napoleonic era.
• 1818 The passing of a new, liberal constitution
• The height of Friedrich Weinbrenner's career
• 1817 The start of the administration of the Rhine by Johann Gottfried Tulla
• The premiere of the velocipede by Karl Drais

Marriage and family

Hereditary Prince Karl married Stéphanie de Beauharnais (August 28, 1789 – January 29, 1860), daughter of Claude de Beauharnais in Paris on April 8, 1806. Their children:

• Louise (June 5, 1811 – July 19, 1854) married her first cousin Gustav of Sweden (November 9, 1799 – August 4, 1877) on November 9, 1830.
• Unnamed son (September 29, 1812 – October 16, 1812)
• Josephine (October 21, 1813 – June 19, 1900) married Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (September 7, 1811 – June 2, 1885) on October 21, 1834.
• Alexander (May 1, 1816 – May 8, 1817)
• Marie (October 11, 1817 – October 17, 1888) married William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton (February 15, 1811 – July 15, 1863) on February 23, 1843

As Grand Duke Charles did not have any surviving male children, upon his death in Rastatt, he was succeeded by his uncle Louis I. It has been speculated that the foundling Kaspar Hauser was his son, and therefore the actual hereditary prince, a claim now established as false.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden

16. Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach 8. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach 17. Duchess Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg 4. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden 18. John William Friso, Prince of Orange 9. Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz 19. Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel 2. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden 20. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 10. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 21. Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach 5. Landgravine Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 22. Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg 11. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Heiress of Lichtenberg 23. Margravine Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach 1. Charles, Grand Duke of Baden 24. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 20) 12. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 10) 25. Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach (= 21) 6. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 26. Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg (= 22) 13. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Heiress of Lichtenberg (= 11) 27. Margravine Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach (= 23) 3. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 28. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 14. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken 29. Countess Catharine Agatha of Rappoltstein 7. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken 30. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken 15. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken 31. Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

References

Charles, Grand Duke of Baden House of Zähringen Born: July 8 1786 Died: December 8 1818
Regnal titles
Preceded by Charles Frederick	Grand Duke of Baden 1811–1818	Succeeded by Louis I