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List of Mongol Khans

The Imperial seal of the Mongol Empire

This is the list of Mongol Khans and Khagans.

Great Khans of the Mongol Empire

Following became Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, who were considered as Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi (Chinese emperor) for native Chinese:

  • Kublai Khan (1260–1294) - Khagan title: Setsen; Template name: Shizu 1271-1294 Era name: Zhiyuan 1264-1294
  • Temür Khân - Khagan title: Oljeitu; Template name: Chengzong; 1294–1307; Era names: Yuanzhen 1295-1297; Dade 1297-1307
  • Khaiysan - Khagan title: Khülük; Template name: Wuzong - 1308-1311; Era name: Zhida 1308-1311
  • Ayurparibhadra - Template name: Renzong 1311-1320; Era names: Huangqing 1312-1313; Yanyou 1314-1320
  • Suddhipala - Khagan title: Gegeen; Template name: Yingzong- 1321-1323; Era names: Zhizhi 1321-1323; Jinzong
  • Yesün-Temür - Template name:Taiding Di - 1323-1328;Taiding 1321-1328;Zhihe 1328
  • Arigaba - Tianshun Di; Tianshun 1328
  • Toq-Temür - Khagan title: Zayaghatu; Template name: Wenzong; 1328–1329 and 1329–1332; Era names: Tianli 1328-1330 Zhìshùn 1330-1332
  • Khuslen - Khagan title: Qutuqtu; Template name: Mingzong - 1329;
  • Irinchibal - Template name: Ningzong; Era name: Zhishun 1332
  • Toghan-Temür - Khagan title: Ukhaantu; Template name: Huizong ; Shundi - 1333-1370; Era names: Zhishun 1333;Yuantong 1333-1335; Zhiyuan 1335-1340; Zhizheng 1341-1368; Zhiyuan 1368-1370

Khans of Golden Horde

  • Batu Khan (1227–1255)
  • Sartaq (1255–56)
  • Ulaghchi (1257)
  • Berke (1257–1266)
  • Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
  • Tuda-Mengu (1282—1287)
  • Talabuga (1287—1291)
  • Tokhta (1291—1312)
  • Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
  • Tini Beg (1341–1342)
  • Jani Beg (1342—1357)
  • Berdibek (1357—1361)
  • Qulpa (1359–1360)
  • Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
  • Khidr (1361–1362)
  • Timur Khwaja (1362)
  • Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
  • Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
  • Freky Aziz Reffelruz (1378–1380)
  • Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
  • Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
  • Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
  • Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
  • Temür (1410–1412)
  • Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
  • Karimberdi
  • Kebeg
  • Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
  • Ulugh Muhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
  • Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
  • Baraq (1422–1427)
  • Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
  • Kuchuk Muhammed (1435–1459)
  • Mahmud (1459–1465)
  • Ahmad (1465–1481)
  • Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
  • Murtada (1498–1499)

Left wing

  • Orda (1226–1251)
  • Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
  • Kochu (c.1280–1302)
  • Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
  • Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
  • Ilbasan (1315–1320)
  • Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
  • Chimtay (1344–1374)
  • Urus (1374–1376)
  • Toqtaqiya (1376)
  • Timur-Malik (1377)
  • Toqtamish (1377–1378)
  • Koiruchik (1378–1399)
  • Baraq (1423–1428)
  • Muhammed (1428–1431)
  • Mustafa (1431–1446)

This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids in 1446.

Right wing

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

Ilkhans of Il Khanate

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

  • Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
  • Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
  • Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
  • Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341-1343)
  • Jahan Temur (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
  • Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
  • Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

  • Togha Temür (c. 1338-1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338-1349; by the Jalayirids 1338-1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338-1341, 1344, 1353)
  • Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Khans of Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern (Moghulistan). For the eastern khans, see Khans of Moghulistan, below.

From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Khans of Northern Yuan

The following Khans are successors of Dayan Khan and directly ruled the Chahar. They had suzerainty over other Mongol tümens, but were unable to exercise their authority over them.

Rulers of Zunghar Khanate

Upper Mongol Khoshud Khans of Tibet

  • Gushi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
  • Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
  • Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
  • Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)

Torghud Khans of the Kalmyks

  • Khoo-Orlog (d.1644)
  • Shikir-Daichung (1644–1661)
  • Puntsog (1661–1669)
  • Ayuukhi (1669–1724)
  • Tseren-Dondog (1724–1735)
  • Dondug-Ombo (1735–1741)
  • Dondug-Dashi (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi (1762–1771)

20th century Mongolia

References

  • Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross - The Tarikh-i-rashidi
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
  • Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907-1368
  • William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran‎, 5
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov - Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system

See also

v · d · eMongol Empire (1206–1368)
Politics,
organization
and daily life

Khanates

Notable cities

Almalik · Avarga · Azaq · Bukhara · Bolghar · Karakorum · Dadu · Majar · Maragheh · Qarshi · Samarkand · Sarai Batu · Sarai Berke · Saray-Jük · Shangdu · Soltaniyeh · Tabriz · Ukek · Xacitarxan
Some
campaigns
and battles

Asia

Middle East
Prominent
people

Rulers

Viceroys (khans)

Jochi · Batu Khan · Orda Khan · Berke · Toqta · Uzbeg Khan · Chagatai Khan · Duwa · Kebek · Hulegu · Abagha · Arghun · Ghazan

Military

Sübedei · Jebe · Mukhulai · Negudar · Bo'orchu · Guo Kan · Borokhul · Jelme · Chuluun · Khubilai · Aju · Bayan · Kadan · Burundai · Nogai Khan
Terms

Khagan · Khan and Khatun · Khanum · Jinong · Khong Tayiji · Noyon · Darhan

Political and military

Jarlig · Örtöö · Ordo · Pax Mongolica · Yoso · Huraldai · Gerege · Mangudai · Tümen · Kheshig
v · d · eNorthern Yuan Dynasty (1368–1635)
Political organization Emperors Terms and prominent people

Notable cities

Titles

Prominent politicians and generals