Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov

Infobox_Scientist
name = Alexei A. Abrikosov

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ( _ru. Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов) (born June 25, 1928) is a Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.

Biography

Abrikosov was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR, on June 25, 1928. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1948. From 1948 to 1965, he worked at the Institute for Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. in 1951 for the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas, and then his Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences degree in 1955 for a thesis on quantum electrodynamics at high energies. From 1965 to 1988, he worked at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (USSR Academy of Sciences). He has been a professor at Moscow State University since 1965, and served as an acedemician at the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1987 to 1991. In 1991, he became an academician at the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In 1952, Abrikosov discovered the way in which magnetic flux can penetrate a superconductor. The phenomenon is known as type-II superconductivity, and the accompanying arrangement of magnetic flux lines is called the Abrikosov vortex lattice.

Since 1991, he has been working in the Materials Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois on a contract basis. Abrikosov is an Argonne Distinguished Scientist at the Condensed Matter Theory Group in Argonne’s Materials Science Division. His recent research at Argonne National Laboratory has focused on the origins of magnetoresistance, a property of some materials that change their resistance to electrical flow under the influence of a magnetic field.

He is a citizen of both Russia and the United States.

Honours and awards

Alexei Abrikosov was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1966, the Fritz London Memorial Prize in 1972, and the USSR State Prize in 1982. In 1989 he received the Landau Prize from the Academy of Sciences, Russia. Two years later, in 1991, Alexei Abrikosov was awarded the Sony Corporation’s John Bardeen Award. He is also a member of the Royal Academy of London, a fellow of the American Physical Society, and in 2000 was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Sciences. He was the co-recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony James Leggett, for theories about how matter can behave at extremely low temperatures.

References

* [http://chemistry.anl.gov/MSDReview/Superconductivity/Abrikosov.pdf Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of an Unusual Metal-Insulator Transition in Layered High-Tc Cuprates”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(August 28, 2003)] .
* [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0078&numPages=12&fp=N Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of High-{Tc} Superconducting Cuprates Based on Experimental Evidence”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(Dec. 10, 1999)] .
* [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0077&numPages=48&fp=N Abrikosov, A. A. “New Developments in the Theory of HTSC (High Temperature Superconductors)”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research,(Sept. 1994)] .
* [http://www.fys.uio.no/super/vortex/1957.html Abrikosov, A. A. "On the magnetic properties of superconductors of the second group", Soviet Physics JETP 5, 1174 (1957)] , page scans of the original article.
* [http://www.anl.gov/Media_Center/News/2003/news031007.htm “Argonne Scientist Wins 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics” McGregor, S., Oct. 7, 2003] , press release.

External links

* [http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/abrikosov.html Biography and Bibliographic Resources] , from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
* [http://www.msd.anl.gov/personnel/abrikosov/ A Short Biography] , on the website of the Material Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory

Persondata
NAME= Abrikosov, Alexei A.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Russian-American Physicist
DATE OF BIRTH= June 25, 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH= Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=