Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia

Charles Emmanuel IV
Charles Emmanuel IV, oil portrait by Giovanni Panealbo
King of Sardinia
Reign	16 October 1796 – 4 June 1802
Predecessor	Victor Amadeus III
Successor	Victor Emmanuel I
Spouse	Marie Clotilde of France
Full name
Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia
House	House of Savoy
Father	Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
Mother	Maria Antonietta of Spain
Born	24 May 1751 Royal Palace of Turin
Died	6 October 1819 (aged 68) Palazzo Colonna, Rome
Burial	Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale

Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802. He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. Charles Emmanuel was a great-great-great-grandson of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and would have became king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1807, had it not been for the event known as the Glorious Revolution which had occurred over a century earlier. Therefore from this date, he was instead recognised as the legitimate Jacobite Pretender.

Biography

Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia was born in Turin, the eldest son of Victor Amadeus III of Savoy, King of Sardinia and of his wife Infanta Maria Antonietta of Spain. From his birth until his own succession to the throne of Sardinia in 1796 Charles Emmanuel was styled "Prince of Piedmont".

In 1775 Charles Emmanuel married Marie Clotilde of France, the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France and Princess Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, and sister of King Louis XVI of France. Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other. Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful.

At the death of his father (14 October 1796), Charles Emmanuel succeeded as King of Sardinia. The kingdom included not only the island of Sardinia, but also significant territories in northwest Italy including all of Piedmont.

At his succession to the throne in 1796, Sardinia had been forced to conclude the disadvantageous Treaty of Paris (1796) with the French Republic, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On December 6, 1798, the French under Joubert occupied Turin and forced Charles Emanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia, which stayed out of the reach of the French army. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain Piedmont. He and his wife lived in Rome and in Naples as guests of the wealthy Colonna family.

On 7 March 1802 Charles Emmanuel's wife Marie Clothilde died. He was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate, June 4, 1802 in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel. Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of King. He lived in Rome and in the nearby town of Frascati.

In Frascati he was a frequent guest of Henry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York, last member of the Royal House of Stuart, who was his cousin. He was descended from Henrietta Anne Stuart, the youngest daughter of Charles I, whereas Henry Benedict Stuart was descended from James II who was the second son of Charles I.

When Henry died in 1807, Charles Emmanuel became the senior heir-general of King Charles I of England and Scotland, and was thus regarded by Jacobites as King Charles IV of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. There is no documentary evidence that Charles Emmanuel ever attempted to make a public claim to the title of King of England or Scotland.

Indeed, in 1815 at the age of sixty-four Charles Emmanuel took simple vows in the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). He was never ordained to the priesthood, but lived the rest of his life at the Jesuit novitiate in Rome.

Charles Emmanuel died at the Palazzo Colonna in Rome on 6 October 1819. He is buried in the Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia

16. Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy 8. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia 17. Marie Jeanne of Savoy 4. Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia 18. Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans 9. Anne Marie d'Orléans 19. Princess Henrietta of England 2. Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia 20. William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg 10. Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg 21. Countess Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort 5. Landgravine Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg 22. Maximilian Charles, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort 11. Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort 23. Countess Maria Polyxene Lichtenberg and Belasi 1. Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy 24. Louis XIV of France 12. Louis, Grand Dauphin 25. Maria Theresa of Austria 6. Philip V of Spain 26. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria 13. Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria 27. Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy 3. Infanta Maria Antonietta of Spain 28. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma 14. Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma 29. Isabella d'Este 7. Elisabeth Farnese 30. Philip William, Elector Palatine 15. Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg 31. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 24 May 1751 – 16 October 1796 His Royal Highness the Prince of Piedmont
• 16 October 1796 – 4 June 1802 His Majesty the King of Sardinia
• 4 June 1802 – 6 October 1819 His Majesty King Charles Emmanuel

External links

• Charles IV (Jacobite)

Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia House of Savoy Born: 24 May 1751 Died: 6 October 1819
Regnal titles
Preceded by Victor Amadeus III	King of Sardinia 1796–1802	Succeeded by Victor Emmanuel I
Titles in pretence
Preceded by Henry IX and I	Jacobite succession 1807–1819	Succeeded by Victor I