Climate of Romania
- ️Sun Mar 16 2008
Because of its position on the southeastern portion of the European continent, Romania has a climate which ranges from temperate to continental. Climatic conditions are somewhat modified by the country's varied topography. The Carpathians serve as a barrier to Atlantic air masses, limiting their oceanic influences to the west and center of the country (Transilvania, Banat and Maramureş), which have milder winters and heavier rainfalls as a result. The mountains also block the continental influences of the vast plain to the north in the Ukraine, which results in frosty winters and less rain to the south and southeast. In the extreme southeast, Black Sea influences offer a milder, maritime climate. The average annual temperature is 11 °C (51.8 °F) in the south and middle-south and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in northeast. In Bucharest, the temperature ranges from average low −5 °C (23 °F) in January to average high 29 °C (84.2 °F) in July and August, with average temperatures of −3 °C (26.6 °F) in January and 23 °C (73.4 °F) in July and August. Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each year. Annual precipitation averages about 635 mm (25 in) in central Transylvania, 521 mm (20.5 in) at Iaşi in Moldavia, and only 381 mm (15 in) at Constanţa on the Black Sea.
Average temperature and precipitations in Bucharest
Owing to its distance from the open sea, Romania has a continental climate. Summers are generally very warm to hot, with average maxima in Bucharest being around 29 °C (84.2 °F), with temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) not unknown in the lower-lying areas of the country. Minima in Bucharest and other lower-lying areas are around 18 °C (64.4 °F), but at higher altitudes both maxima and minima decline considerably.
Satellite image of Romania in December, showing most of its territory under snow
Winters are quite cold, with average highs even in lower-lying areas being no more than 3 °C (37.4 °F) and below −15 °C (5 °F) in the highest mountains, where some areas of permafrost occur on the highest peaks.
Precipitation is generally modest, averaging over 750 mm (29.5 in) only on the highest western mountains - much of it falling as snow which allows for an extensive skiing industry. In the delta of the Danube, rainfall is very low, averaging only around 370 mm (14.6 in) per year, whilst in the more westerly lowland like Bucharest it is around 530 mm (20.9 in).
Contents
Records
The absolute minimum temperature was −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F), registered near Brașov in 1942. The absolute maximum temperature was 44.5 °C (112.1 °F), recorded at Ion Sion, Brăila County in 1951.
| Climate data for Romania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.2 (72.0) |
26 (79) |
32.8 (91.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42 (108) |
44.3 (111.7) |
44.5 (112.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
39 (102) |
30 (86) |
23.4 (74.1) |
44.5 (112.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
−38 (−36) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
−26 (−15) |
−16 (3) |
−12 (10) |
−8 (18) |
−7 (19) |
−15 (5) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
−30.8 (−23.4) |
−34.5 (−30.1) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
| Source: http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=489 |
White Christmas in Romania
| Location | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Bucharest | 75% |
| Iași | 80% |
| Timişoara | 70% |
| Cluj-Napoca | 85% |
| Constanța | 65% |
| Miercurea Ciuc | 90% |
| Craiova | 75% |
| Brașov | 85% |
| Satu Mare | 75% |
Averages and records by city
| Climate data for Bucharest | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16 (61) |
20 (68) |
29 (84) |
32 (90) |
37 (99) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
41 (106) |
39 (102) |
35 (95) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
41 (106) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
18 (64) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.5 (83.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
3.8 (38.8) |
16.5 |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
0.3 (32.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14 (57) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15 (59) |
11.1 (52.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
5.7 |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32 (−26) |
−26 (−15) |
−19 (−2) |
−4 (25) |
0 (32) |
5 (41) |
8 (46) |
7 (45) |
0 (32) |
−6 (21) |
−14 (7) |
−23 (−9) |
−32 (−26) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.57) |
36 (1.42) |
38 (1.5) |
46 (1.81) |
70 (2.76) |
77 (3.03) |
64 (2.52) |
58 (2.28) |
42 (1.65) |
32 (1.26) |
49 (1.93) |
43 (1.69) |
595 (23.43) |
| % humidity | 87 | 84 | 73 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 58 | 59 | 63 | 73 | 85 | 89 | 72 |
| Avg. precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 72 |
| Avg. snowy days | 6 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 19 |
| Sunshine hours | 61 | 85 | 155 | 180 | 248 | 270 | 341 | 310 | 240 | 155 | 60 | 62 | 2,167 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation [1] |
| Climate data for Timişoara, Romania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
39.6 (103.3) |
41.0 (105.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
5 (41) |
11 (52) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
26 (79) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
25 (77) |
18 (64) |
11 (52) |
4 (39) |
17 |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
11 (52) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
18 (64) |
12 (54) |
6 (43) |
1 (34) |
11 |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−3 (27) |
0 (32) |
5 (41) |
10 (50) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
6 (43) |
2 (36) |
−1 (30) |
5 |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.3 (−31.5) |
−29.2 (−20.6) |
−20 (−4.0) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−5 (23.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−35.3 (−31.5) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 47 (1.85) |
44 (1.73) |
46 (1.81) |
56 (2.2) |
71 (2.8) |
91 (3.58) |
67 (2.64) |
53 (2.09) |
51 (2.01) |
46 (1.81) |
57 (2.24) |
59 (2.32) |
688 (27.09) |
| % humidity | 91 | 87 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 79 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 85 | 92 | 89 | 82 |
| Avg. precipitation days | 12 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 145 |
| Avg. rainy days | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 90 |
| Avg. snowy days | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 33 |
| Sunshine hours | 62 | 85 | 155 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 280 | 279 | 210 | 155 | 85 | 60 | 2,001 |
| [citation needed] |
| Climate data for Cluj-Napoca | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
1 (34) |
8 (46) |
13 (55) |
18 (64) |
21 (70) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
20 (68) |
13 (55) |
5 (41) |
1 (34) |
12 |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6 (21) |
−5 (23) |
0 (32) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
12 (54) |
9 (48) |
4 (39) |
0 (32) |
−3 (27) |
4 |
| Precipitation cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
4 (1.6) |
7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
8 (3.1) |
7 (2.8) |
4 (1.6) |
4 (1.6) |
3 (1.2) |
2 (0.8) |
59 (23.2) |
| Source: weatherbase.com[2] |
| Climate data for Iaşi, Romania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1 (31) |
2 (35) |
8 (46) |
16 (61) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
27 (80) |
26 (79) |
22 (72) |
16 (61) |
8 (47) |
2 (36) |
{{{year high C}}} (58) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
−2 (29) |
3 (37) |
11 (51) |
16 (61) |
19 (67) |
21 (69) |
20 (68) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
4 (40) |
−1 (31) |
{{{year mean C}}} (49) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −7 (19) |
−5 (23) |
−1 (30) |
5 (41) |
10 (50) |
13 (56) |
15 (59) |
14 (57) |
11 (51) |
5 (41) |
1 (34) |
−4 (25) |
{{{year low C}}} (40.5) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 33 (1.30) |
30.5 (1.20) |
30.5 (1.20) |
53.3 (2.10) |
63.5 (2.50) |
101.6 (4.00) |
83.8 (3.30) |
55.9 (2.20) |
48.3 (1.90) |
25.4 (1.00) |
35.6 (1.40) |
30.5 (1.20) |
591.8 (23.30) |
| Source: Weather.com [3] |
| Climate data for Constanța | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
3 (37) |
7 (45) |
12 (54) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
21 (70) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
14 |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
2 (36) |
6 (43) |
12 (54) |
16 (61) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
15 (59) |
10 (50) |
3 (37) |
1 (34) |
8 |
| Source: weatherbase.com[2] |
| Climate data for Ploieşti | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
4 (39) |
10 (50) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
3 (37) |
16.2 |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6 (21) |
−3 (27) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
14 (57) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
6 (43) |
1 (34) |
−3 (27) |
5.6 |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 40.6 (1.598) |
35.6 (1.402) |
38.1 (1.5) |
45.7 (1.799) |
71.1 (2.799) |
76.2 (3) |
63.5 (2.5) |
58.4 (2.299) |
43.2 (1.701) |
33 (1.3) |
48.3 (1.902) |
43.2 (1.701) |
596.9 (23.5) |
| Source: Weather Channel |
| Climate data for Oradea | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
15.62 (60.11) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
5.49 (41.89) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 39.5 (1.555) |
30.3 (1.193) |
36.5 (1.437) |
44.9 (1.768) |
63.4 (2.496) |
90.5 (3.563) |
69.1 (2.72) |
55.2 (2.173) |
39.9 (1.571) |
37.9 (1.492) |
46.6 (1.835) |
49.4 (1.945) |
603.2 (23.748) |
| Source: Administrația Natională de Meteorologie[4] |
| Climate data for Satu Mare | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
3 (37) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
21 (70) |
15 (59) |
7 (45) |
2 (36) |
13 |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−3 (27) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
9 (48) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
13 (55) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
0 (32) |
−2 (28) |
5 |
| Precipitation cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
4 (1.6) |
7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
8 (3.1) |
7 (2.8) |
4 (1.6) |
4 (1.6) |
3 (1.2) |
2 (0.8) |
59 (23.2) |
| Source: weatherbase.com[2] |
See also
References
- ^ "World Weather Information Service - Bucharest". August 2011. http://worldweather.wmo.int/183/c00200.htm.
- ^ a b c "Weatherbase data for Cluj-Napoca". August 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=2151&refer=&units=metric. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Iaşi, Romania". The Weather Channel. August 2011. http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/ROXX0020. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ "Medii lunare multianuale 1961–1990" (in romanian). Administrația Natională de Meteorologie (Romanian National Administration of Meteorology). August 2011. http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=475. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
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|---|---|
| Sovereign states |
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| States with limited recognition |
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| Dependencies and other territories |
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| Other entities |
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