Neurula

Neurula

A Neurula is an embryo at the early stage of development in which neurulation occurs.

Neurulation is the development of the nervous system in the vertebrates, at the thickened area above the notochord in ectoderms. The neural plate will fold to produce the neural tube which will develop into the brain. Remaining tissue will develop into the spinal cord. Neurula involves the formation of an internal neural tube from an external sheet of cells. The first signs of neurulation are flattening and thickening of the ectoderm overlying the notochord; this thickened area forms a neural plate. The edges of the neural plate that run in an anterior-posterior direction continue to thicken, forming ridges or folds. Between these neural folds, a groove forms and deepens as the fold roll over it to converge on the midline. The fold fuses, forming a cylinder--the neural tube--and a continuous overlying layer of epidermal ectoderm. The neural tube develops bulges at the anterior end, which become the major divisions of the brain. The remaining sections of the tube becomes the spinal cord.

Health

In humans, failure of the neural tube to develop normally can result in serious birth defects. If the neural folds fail to fuse in a posterior region, the result is a condition known as spina bifida. If they fail to fuse at the anterior end of an infant can develop without a forebrain- a condition called anencephaly. There are genetic as well as dietary factors that cause neural tube defects. The incidence of neural tube defects used to be about 1 in 300 live births, but we now know that this incidence can be cut in half if pregnant women have an adequate amount of folic acid in their diets.

v · d · ePrenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system (GA 9.733 and GA 10.1002, TE E5.13-16)
Neurogenesis	General neural development/ neurulation/neurula Notochord · Neuroectoderm · Neural plate (Neural fold, Neural groove) Neural crest Cranial neural crest (Cardiac neural crest complex) · Truncal neural crest Neural tube Rostral neuropore Neuromere/Rhombomere Cephalic flexure · Pontine flexure Alar plate (sensory) · Basal plate (motor) Glioblast · Neuroblast Germinal matrix
Eye development	Neural tube: Optic vesicle · Optic stalk · Optic cup Surface ectoderm: Lens placode
Auditory development	Otic placode (Otic pit, Otic vesicle)
note: NS is mostly ectoderm, but mesoderm is precursor for epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium
M: CNS anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D) M: EYE anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot noco/cong/tumr, epon proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L) M: EAR anat(e/p)/phys/devp noco/cong, epon proc, drug(S2)

Categories:

• Embryology of nervous system
• Developmental biology stubs

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• neurula — [ nøryla ] n. f. • 1942; de neur(o) , d apr. morula ♦ Embryol. Stade du développement embryonnaire des vertébrés, où se forme l ébauche du système nerveux (après la gastrula). ● neurula nom féminin Stade embryonnaire des vertébrés succédant à la… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

• neurulă — NEURÚLĂ s.f. (biol.) Stadiu embrionar următor gastrulei, în timpul căruia se formează canalul neural. [pron. ne u . / < fr. neurula]. Trimis de LauraGellner, 13.09.2007. Sursa: DN  NEURÚLĂ s. f. stadiu embrionar următor gastrulei, în timpul… …   Dicționar Român

• néurula — f. embriol. Primera forma del sistema nervioso en el embrión que se origina durante la cuarta semana de desarrollo. Medical Dictionary. 2011. néurula …   Diccionario médico

• Neurula — Neu ru*la, n. [NL., dim. of Gr. ney^ron a nerve.] (Zo[ o]l.) An embryo of certain invertebrates in the stage when the primitive band is first developed. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

• Néurula — Neurula es el nombre que recibe un embrión después de concluir la etapa de gastrulación, procede de la gástrula y se caracteriza principalmente por la formación de los esbozos embrionarios que darán lugar al sistema nervioso, como el tubo neural …   Wikipedia Español

• neurula — neurula. См. нейрула. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

• Neurula —   [griechisch] die, , auf die Gastrula folgendes Stadium der Embryonalentwicklung der Chordatiere, bei dem die Organanlagen, v. a. das dorsale Neuralrohr (Medullarrohr), die …   Universal-Lexikon

• Neurula — Die Neurula ist ein Stadium in der Embryonalentwicklung, das auf die Gastrula folgt. Es zeichnet sich durch die so genannte Neuralwülste aus. Dabei handelt es sich um zwei seitliche Streifen, in denen sich auf der Rückenseite das Ektoderm zum… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

• neurula — nèu·ru·la s.f. TS embriol. stadio dello sviluppo embrionale, successivo alla gastrula, in cui comincia a formarsi un abbozzo embrionale del nevrasse {{line}} {{/line}} DATA: 1958. ETIMO: dal lat. scient. neurŭla, der. del gr. neûron nervo …   Dizionario italiano

• Neurula — Neu|ru|la die; <aus gleichbed. nlat. neurula zu gr. neũron, vgl. ↑Neuron> auf die ↑Gastrula folgendes Entwicklungsstadium der Wirbeltiere, das durch erste sichtbare Differenzierungen des künftigen Nervengewebes gekennzeichnet ist (Biol.) …   Das große Fremdwörterbuch