16-bit computing, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 110 relations: Angstrem (company), Application-specific integrated circuit, Arithmetic logic unit, ASCII, Audio bit depth, Binary number, Binary-code compatibility, Binary-coded decimal, Bit, Byte, Byte addressing, C166 family, Compact Disc Digital Audio, CRC Press, Data General, Data General Eclipse, Data General Nova, DEC J-11, DEC T-11, Digital Equipment Corporation, Dual in-line package, ESi-RISC, Fairchild 9440, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ferranti, Ferranti F100-L, General Instrument, General Instrument CP1600, Hewlett-Packard, Honeywell, Honeywell Level 6, HP 2100, HP 3000, I386, IBM, IBM 1130, IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System, IBM PC–compatible, IBM Series/1, IBM System/36, IBM System/7, IMP-16, Infineon Technologies, Integer, Intel, Intel 80186, Intel 80286, Intel 8080, Intel 8086, Intel 8088, ... Expand index (60 more) »

2. Data unit

Angstrem (company)

Angstrem JSC is a Moscow-based company involved in the design and fabrication of electronic products and semiconductors.

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Application-specific integrated circuit

An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use, such as a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-efficiency video codec.

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Arithmetic logic unit

In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.

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ASCII

ASCII, an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

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Audio bit depth

In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample.

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Binary number

A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols for the natural numbers: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one).

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Binary-code compatibility

Binary-code compatibility (binary compatible or object-code compatible) is a property of a computer system, meaning that it can run the same executable code, typically machine code for a general-purpose computer central processing unit (CPU), that another computer system can run.

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Binary-coded decimal

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight.

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Bit

The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. 16-bit computing and byte are data unit.

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Byte addressing

Byte addressing in hardware architectures supports accessing individual bytes.

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C166 family

The C166 family is a 16-bit microcontroller architecture from Infineon (formerly the semiconductor division of Siemens) in cooperation with STMicroelectronics.

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Compact Disc Digital Audio

Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA or CD-DA), also known as Digital Audio Compact Disc or simply as Audio CD, is the standard format for audio compact discs.

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CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.

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Data General

Data General Corporation was one of the first minicomputer firms of the late 1960s.

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Data General Eclipse

The Data General Eclipse line of computers by Data General were 16-bit minicomputers released in early 1974 and sold until 1988. 16-bit computing and Data General Eclipse are 16-bit computers.

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Data General Nova

The Data General Nova is a series of 16-bit minicomputers released by the American company Data General. 16-bit computing and Data General Nova are 16-bit computers.

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DEC J-11

The J-11 is a microprocessor chip set that implements the PDP-11 instruction set architecture (ISA) jointly developed by Digital Equipment Corporation and Intersil.

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DEC T-11

The T-11, also known as DC310 or DCT11, is a microprocessor that implements the PDP-11 instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation.

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Digital Equipment Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s.

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Dual in-line package

In microelectronics, a dual in-line package (DIP or DIL) is an electronic component package with a rectangular housing and two parallel rows of electrical connecting pins.

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ESi-RISC

eSi-RISC is a configurable CPU architecture.

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Fairchild 9440

The Fairchild 9440 MICROFLAME, also known as the F9440 and μFLAME, was a 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1977.

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Fairchild Semiconductor

Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California.

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Ferranti

Ferranti or Ferranti International PLC was a UK electrical engineering and equipment firm that operated for over a century from 1885 until it went bankrupt in 1993.

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Ferranti F100-L

The Ferranti F100-L was a 16-bit microprocessor family announced by Ferranti in 1976 which entered production in 1977.

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General Instrument

General Instrument (GI) was an American electronics manufacturer based in Horsham, Pennsylvania, specializing in semiconductors and cable television equipment.

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General Instrument CP1600

The CP1600 is a 16-bit microprocessor created in a partnership between General Instrument and Honeywell, introduced in February 1975.

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Hewlett-Packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly shortened to Hewlett-Packard or HP, was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

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Honeywell

Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Honeywell Level 6

The Honeywell Level 6 was a line of 16-bit minicomputers, later upgraded to 32-bit, manufactured by Honeywell, Inc. from the mid 1970s. 16-bit computing and Honeywell Level 6 are 16-bit computers.

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HP 2100

The HP 2100 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers that were produced by Hewlett-Packard (HP) from the mid-1960s to early 1990s. 16-bit computing and HP 2100 are 16-bit computers.

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HP 3000

The HP 3000 series is a family of 16-bit and 32-bit minicomputers from Hewlett-Packard. 16-bit computing and HP 3000 are 16-bit computers.

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I386

The Intel 386, originally released as 80386 and later renamed i386, is a 32-bit microprocessor designed by Intel.

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IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.

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IBM 1130

The IBM 1130 Computing System, introduced in 1965, was IBM's least expensive computer at that time. 16-bit computing and IBM 1130 are 16-bit computers.

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IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System

The IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) was a process control variant of the IBM 1130 with two extra instructions (CMP and DCM), extra I/O capabilities, 'selector channel like' cycle-stealing capability and three hardware index registers.

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IBM PC–compatible

IBM PC–compatible computers are technically similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, all from computer giant IBM, that are able to use the same software and expansion cards.

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IBM Series/1

The IBM Series/1 is a 16-bit minicomputer, introduced in 1976, that in many respects competed with other minicomputers of the time, such as the PDP-11 from Digital Equipment Corporation and similar offerings from Data General and HP. 16-bit computing and IBM Series/1 are 16-bit computers.

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IBM System/36

The IBM System/36 (often abbreviated as S/36) was a midrange computer marketed by IBM from 1983 to 2000 - a multi-user, multi-tasking successor to the System/34. 16-bit computing and IBM System/36 are 16-bit computers.

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IBM System/7

The IBM System/7 was a computer system designed for industrial control, announced on October 28, 1970 and first shipped in 1971. 16-bit computing and IBM System/7 are 16-bit computers.

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IMP-16

The IMP-16, by National Semiconductor, was the first multi-chip 16-bit microprocessor, released in 1973.

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Infineon Technologies

Infineon Technologies AG is Germany's largest semiconductor manufacturer.

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Integer

An integer is the number zero (0), a positive natural number (1, 2, 3,...), or the negation of a positive natural number (−1, −2, −3,...). The negations or additive inverses of the positive natural numbers are referred to as negative integers.

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Intel

Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware.

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Intel 80186

The Intel 80186, also known as the iAPX 186, or just 186, is a microprocessor and microcontroller introduced in 1982.

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Intel 80286

The Intel 80286 (also marketed as the iAPX 286 and often called Intel 286) is a 16-bit microprocessor that was introduced on February 1, 1982.

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Intel 8080

The Intel 8080 ("eighty-eighty") is the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel.

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Intel 8086

The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released.

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Intel 8088

The Intel 8088 ("eighty-eighty-eight", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086.

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Intel MCS-96

The Intel MCS-96 is a family of microcontrollers (MCU) commonly used in embedded systems.

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Kilobyte

The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Lockheed Corporation

The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer.

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Lockheed MAC-16

The MAC-16 (or LEC-16) was a 16-bit minicomputer introduced in 1969 by Lockheed Electronics. 16-bit computing and Lockheed MAC-16 are 16-bit computers.

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MCP-1600

The MCP-1600 is a multi-chip 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Western Digital in 1975 and produced through the early 1980s.

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Memory address

In computing, a memory address is a reference to a specific memory location used at various levels by software and hardware.

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Memory segmentation

Memory segmentation is an operating system memory management technique of dividing a computer's primary memory into segments or sections.

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Microcomputer

A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor.

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Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs.

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Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a product line of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft.

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MIL-STD-1750A

MIL-STD-1750A or 1750A is the formal definition of a 16-bit computer instruction set architecture (ISA), including both required and optional components, as described by the military standard document MIL-STD-1750A (1980).

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MOS Technology 6502

The MOS Technology 6502 (typically pronounced "sixty-five-oh-two") William Mensch and the moderator both pronounce the 6502 microprocessor as "sixty-five-oh-two".

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Motorola

Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois.

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Motorola 68000

The Motorola 68000 (sometimes shortened to Motorola 68k or m68k and usually pronounced "sixty-eight-thousand") is a 16/32-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) microprocessor, introduced in 1979 by Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector.

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Motorola 68020

The Motorola 68020 is a 32-bit microprocessor from Motorola, released in 1984.

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Motorola 68HC12

The 68HC12 (also abbreviated as 6812 or HC12) is a microcontroller family from Motorola Semiconductor (later from Freescale then NXP).

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Motorola 68HC16

The 68HC16 (also abbreviated as HC16) is a highly modular microcontroller family based on the CPU16 16-bit core from Motorola Semiconductor (later from Freescale then NXP).

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MS-DOS

MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft.

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National Semiconductor

National Semiconductor was an American semiconductor manufacturer which specialized in analog devices and subsystems, formerly with headquarters in Santa Clara, California.

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National Semiconductor PACE

National Semiconductor's IPC-16A PACE, short for "Processing and Control Element", was the first commercial single-chip 16-bit microprocessor, announced in late 1974.

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NEC

is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

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NEC V20

The NEC V20 is a microprocessor that was designed and produced by NEC.

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Octet (computing)

The octet is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that consists of eight bits.

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OS/2

OS/2 (Operating System/2) is a series of computer operating systems, initially created by Microsoft and IBM under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci.

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Panafacom

Panafacom was a Japanese microprocessor design firm established on 2 July 1973 by a consortium of companies that included Fujitsu, Fuji Electric and Matsushita (Panasonic).

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Pascal MicroEngine

Pascal MicroEngine is a series of microcomputer products manufactured by Western Digital from 1979 through the mid-1980s, designed specifically to run the UCSD p-System efficiently. 16-bit computing and Pascal MicroEngine are 16-bit computers.

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PDP-11

The PDP–11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the late 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. 16-bit computing and PDP-11 are 16-bit computers.

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Personal computer

A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use.

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Range (computer programming)

In computer science, the term range may refer to one of three things.

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Renesas Electronics

is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, initially incorporated in 2002 as Renesas Technology, the consolidated entity of the semiconductor units of Hitachi and Mitsubishi excluding their dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) businesses, to which NEC Electronics merged in 2010, resulting in a minor change in the corporate name and logo to as it is now.

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Ricoh

is a Japanese multinational imaging and electronics company.

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Ricoh 5A22

The Ricoh 5A22 is an 8/16-bit microprocessor produced by Ricoh for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) video game console.

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Signedness

In computing, signedness is a property of data types representing numbers in computer programs.

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Six-bit character code

A six-bit character code is a character encoding designed for use on computers with word lengths a multiple of 6.

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Super Nintendo Entertainment System

The Super Nintendo Entertainment System, commonly shortened to Super Nintendo, Super NES or SNES, is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Oceania and 1993 in South America.

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Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas.

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TI MSP430

The MSP430 is a mixed-signal microcontroller family from Texas Instruments, first introduced on 14 February 1992.

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TMS9900

The TMS9900 was one of the first commercially available, single-chip 16-bit microprocessors.

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Toshiba

is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

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Two's complement

Two's complement is the most common method of representing signed (positive, negative, and zero) integers on computers, and more generally, fixed point binary values.

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WD16

The WD16 is a 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Western Digital in October 1976.

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WDC 65C816

The W65C816S (also 65C816 or 65816) is a 16-bit microprocessor (MPU) developed and sold by the Western Design Center (WDC).

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Western Design Center

The Western Design Center (WDC), located in Mesa, Arizona, is a company which develops intellectual property for, and licenses manufacture of, MOS Technology 65xx based microprocessors, microcontrollers (µCs), and related support devices.

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Western Digital

Western Digital Corporation (WDC, commonly known as Western Digital or WD) is an American computer drive manufacturer and data storage company, headquartered in San Jose, California.

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Whirlwind I

Whirlwind I was a Cold War-era vacuum-tube computer developed by the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory for the U.S. Navy. 16-bit computing and Whirlwind I are 16-bit computers.

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Wintel

Wintel (portmanteau of Windows and Intel) is the partnership of Microsoft Windows and Intel producing personal computers using Intel x86-compatible processors running Microsoft Windows.

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X86 memory segmentation

x86 memory segmentation refers to the implementation of memory segmentation in the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture.

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XAP processor

XAP is a 16-bit and 32-bit RISC processor architecture developed by Cambridge Consultants.

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XC2000

The Infineon XC2000 family is a 16-bit microcontroller that can be found in automotive applications including transmissions, hybrid applications, driver assistant systems and engine management systems.

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XE166 family

The Infineon XE166 family is a 16-bit microcontroller family, first introduced in 2007.

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Xerox

Xerox Holdings Corporation is an American corporation that sells print and digital document products and services in more than 160 countries.

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Xerox Alto

The Xerox Alto is a computer system developed at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) in the 1970s. 16-bit computing and Xerox Alto are 16-bit computers.

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Zero page

The zero page or base page is the block of memory at the very beginning of a computer's address space; that is, the page whose starting address is zero.

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Zilog

Zilog, Inc. is an American manufacturer of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and application-specific embedded system-on-chip (SoC) products. Founded in 1974 by Federico Faggin and Ralph Ungermann, who were soon joined by Masatoshi Shima, who had all left Intel after working the 4004 and 8080 microprocessors.

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Zilog Z280

The Zilog Z280 is a 16-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog as an enhancement of the Zilog Z80 architecture and integrating improvements from the abandoned Zilog Z800 project.

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Zilog Z80

The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog that played an important role in the evolution of early computing.

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Zilog Z8000

The Zilog Z8000 is a 16-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog in early 1979.

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1801 series CPU

The 1801 series CPUs were a family of 16-bit Soviet microprocessors based on the indigenous microarchitecture cores, but binary compatible with DEC's PDP-11 machines.

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24-bit computing

Notable 24-bit machines include the CDC 924 – a 24-bit version of the CDC 1604, CDC lower 3000 series, SDS 930 and SDS 940, the ICT 1900 series, the Elliott 4100 series, and the Datacraft minicomputers/Harris H series. 16-bit computing and 24-bit computing are data unit.

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32-bit computing

In computer architecture, 32-bit computing refers to computer systems with a processor, memory, and other major system components that operate on data in 32-bit units. 16-bit computing and 32-bit computing are data unit.

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See also

Data unit

• 1-bit computing
• 128-bit computing
• 16-bit computing
• 24-bit computing
• 256-bit computing
• 31-bit computing
• 32-bit computing
• 36-bit computing
• 4-bit computing
• 45-bit computing
• 48-bit computing
• 512-bit computing
• 60-bit computing
• 64-bit computing
• 8-bit computing
• Binary prefixes
• Byte
• Chunk (information)
• List of binary codes
• Nibble
• Syllable (computing)
• Transaction Protocol Data Unit
• Word (computer architecture)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-bit_computing

Also known as 16 Bit, 16 bit application, 16-Bit, 16-Bit Machine Computer, 16-bit application, 16-bit architecture, 16-bit computer, 16-bit processor, 16-bit version, 64k barrier, Computer, 16-Bit Machine, List of 16-bit CPUs, Win 16 application.

, Intel MCS-96, Kilobyte, Lockheed Corporation, Lockheed MAC-16, MCP-1600, Memory address, Memory segmentation, Microcomputer, Microprocessor, Microsoft Windows, MIL-STD-1750A, MOS Technology 6502, Motorola, Motorola 68000, Motorola 68020, Motorola 68HC12, Motorola 68HC16, MS-DOS, National Semiconductor, National Semiconductor PACE, NEC, NEC V20, Octet (computing), OS/2, Panafacom, Pascal MicroEngine, PDP-11, Personal computer, Range (computer programming), Renesas Electronics, Ricoh, Ricoh 5A22, Signedness, Six-bit character code, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Texas Instruments, TI MSP430, TMS9900, Toshiba, Two's complement, WD16, WDC 65C816, Western Design Center, Western Digital, Whirlwind I, Wintel, X86 memory segmentation, XAP processor, XC2000, XE166 family, Xerox, Xerox Alto, Zero page, Zilog, Zilog Z280, Zilog Z80, Zilog Z8000, 1801 series CPU, 24-bit computing, 32-bit computing.