en.unionpedia.org

1774 in science, the Glossary

The year 1774 in science and technology involved some significant events.^[1]

90 relations: Abbé, Anatomy, Anna Morandi Manzolini, Antoine Lavoisier, Antoine-Augustin Parmentier, Astronomer, Barium, Bayes' theorem, Birmingham, Board of Longitude, Boring (manufacturing), Bowood House, Cannon, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Charles Bell, Charles Marie de La Condamine, Chemist, Chlorine, Copley Medal, Cytoplasmic streaming, Dictionary of National Biography, Dividing engine, Edward Charles Howard, England, Francis Baily, Francis Beaufort, French people, Gas, Geographer, Hematology, Hydrography, Italians, James Cook, Japan, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, Jean-Baptiste Biot, Jesse Ramsden, Johann Elert Bode, John Baskerville, John Wilkinson (industrialist), Johnny Appleseed, Joseph Priestley, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Kaitai Shinsho, List of explorers, Lucca, Manganese, Melanesia, Meriwether Lewis, Messier 81, ... Expand index (40 more) »
1770s in science

Abbé

Abbé (from Latin abbas, in turn from Greek ἀββᾶς, abbas, from Aramaic abba, a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of abh, "father") is the French word for an abbot.

See 1774 in science and Abbé

Anatomy

Anatomy is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts.

See 1774 in science and Anatomy

Anna Morandi Manzolini

Anna Morandi Manzolini (21 January 1714 – 9 July 1774) was an Italian anatomist, anatomical wax modeler, and lecturer of anatomical design at the University of Bologna.

See 1774 in science and Anna Morandi Manzolini

Antoine Lavoisier

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (26 August 17438 May 1794), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.

See 1774 in science and Antoine Lavoisier

Antoine-Augustin Parmentier

Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (12 August 1737 – 13 December 1813) was a French pharmacist and agronomist, best remembered as a vocal promoter of the potato as a food source for humans in France and throughout Europe.

See 1774 in science and Antoine-Augustin Parmentier

Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.

See 1774 in science and Astronomer

Barium

Barium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

See 1774 in science and Barium

Bayes' theorem

Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule, after Thomas Bayes) gives a mathematical rule for inverting conditional probabilities, allowing us to find the probability of a cause given its effect.

See 1774 in science and Bayes' theorem

Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England.

See 1774 in science and Birmingham

Board of Longitude

The Commissioners for the Discovery of the Longitude at Sea, or more popularly Board of Longitude, was a British government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea.

See 1774 in science and Board of Longitude

Boring (manufacturing)

In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or cast) by means of a single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head containing several such tools), such as in boring a gun barrel or an engine cylinder.

See 1774 in science and Boring (manufacturing)

Bowood House

Bowood is a Grade I listed Georgian country house in Wiltshire, England, that has been owned for more than 250 years by the Fitzmaurice family.

See 1774 in science and Bowood House

Cannon

A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant.

See 1774 in science and Cannon

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Carl Wilhelm Scheele (9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German Swedish pharmaceutical chemist.

See 1774 in science and Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Charles Bell

Sir Charles Bell (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian.

See 1774 in science and Charles Bell

Charles Marie de La Condamine

Charles Marie de La Condamine (28 January 1701 – 4 February 1774) was a French explorer, geographer, and mathematician.

See 1774 in science and Charles Marie de La Condamine

Chemist

A chemist (from Greek chēm(ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchemist) is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field.

See 1774 in science and Chemist

Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

See 1774 in science and Chlorine

Copley Medal

The Copley Medal is the most prestigious award of the Royal Society, conferred "for sustained, outstanding achievements in any field of science".

See 1774 in science and Copley Medal

Cytoplasmic streaming

Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell, driven by forces from the cytoskeleton.

See 1774 in science and Cytoplasmic streaming

Dictionary of National Biography

The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885.

See 1774 in science and Dictionary of National Biography

Dividing engine

A dividing engine is a device employed to mark graduations on measuring instruments.

See 1774 in science and Dividing engine

Edward Charles Howard

Edward Charles Howard FRS (28 May 1774 – 28 September 1816) the youngest brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, was a British chemist who has been described as "the first chemical engineer of any eminence.".

See 1774 in science and Edward Charles Howard

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See 1774 in science and England

Francis Baily

Francis Baily (28 April 177430 August 1844) was an English astronomer.

See 1774 in science and Francis Baily

Francis Beaufort

Sir Francis Beaufort (27 May 1774 – 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer, the creator of the Beaufort cipher and the Beaufort scale, and a naval officer.

See 1774 in science and Francis Beaufort

French people

The French people (lit) are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.

See 1774 in science and French people

Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.

See 1774 in science and Gas

Geographer

A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts.

See 1774 in science and Geographer

Hematology

Hematology (always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood.

See 1774 in science and Hematology

Hydrography

Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defense, scientific research, and environmental protection.

See 1774 in science and Hydrography

Italians

Italians (italiani) are an ethnic group native to the Italian geographical region.

See 1774 in science and Italians

James Cook

Captain James Cook (– 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular.

See 1774 in science and James Cook

Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

See 1774 in science and Japan

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (24 April 1774, Oraison, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 5 July 1838, Paris) was a French physician born in Provence.

See 1774 in science and Jean Marc Gaspard Itard

Jean-Baptiste Biot

Jean-Baptiste Biot (21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early balloon flight, and studied the polarization of light.

See 1774 in science and Jean-Baptiste Biot

Jesse Ramsden

Jesse Ramsden FRS FRSE (6 October 1735 – 5 November 1800) was a British mathematician, astronomical and scientific instrument maker.

See 1774 in science and Jesse Ramsden

Johann Elert Bode

Johann Elert Bode (19 January 1747 – 23 November 1826) was a German astronomer known for his reformulation and popularisation of the Titius–Bode law.

See 1774 in science and Johann Elert Bode

John Baskerville

John Baskerville (baptised 28 January 1707 – 8 January 1775) was an English businessman, in areas including japanning and papier-mâché, but he is best remembered as a printer and type designer.

See 1774 in science and John Baskerville

John Wilkinson (industrialist)

John "Iron-Mad" Wilkinson (1728 – 14 July 1808) was an English industrialist who pioneered the manufacture of cast iron and the use of cast-iron goods during the Industrial Revolution.

See 1774 in science and John Wilkinson (industrialist)

Johnny Appleseed

Johnny Appleseed (born Johnathan Chapman; September 26, 1774March 18, 1845) was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Ontario, as well as the northern counties of West Virginia.

See 1774 in science and Johnny Appleseed

Joseph Priestley

Joseph Priestley (24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, liberal political theorist.

See 1774 in science and Joseph Priestley

Joseph-Louis Lagrange

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia, Encyclopædia Britannica or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier; 25 January 1736 – 10 April 1813), also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia, was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer, later naturalized French.

See 1774 in science and Joseph-Louis Lagrange

Kaitai Shinsho

is a medical text translated into Japanese during the Edo period.

See 1774 in science and Kaitai Shinsho

List of explorers

The following is a list of explorers.

See 1774 in science and List of explorers

Lucca

Lucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea.

See 1774 in science and Lucca

Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.

See 1774 in science and Manganese

Melanesia

Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

See 1774 in science and Melanesia

Meriwether Lewis

Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.

See 1774 in science and Meriwether Lewis

Messier 81

Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major.

See 1774 in science and Messier 81

Nevil Maskelyne

Nevil Maskelyne (6 October 1732 – 9 February 1811) was the fifth British Astronomer Royal.

See 1774 in science and Nevil Maskelyne

New Caledonia

New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a ''sui generis'' collectivity of overseas France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia, and from Metropolitan France.

See 1774 in science and New Caledonia

Norfolk Island

Norfolk Island (Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen) is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island.

See 1774 in science and Norfolk Island

Orbit

In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.

See 1774 in science and Orbit

Otorhinolaryngology

Otorhinolaryngology (abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck.

See 1774 in science and Otorhinolaryngology

Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.

See 1774 in science and Oxygen

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

See 1774 in science and Pacific Ocean

Palmerston Island

Palmerston Island is a coral atoll in the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean about northwest of Rarotonga.

See 1774 in science and Palmerston Island

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

See 1774 in science and Paris

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

See 1774 in science and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Physician

A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.

See 1774 in science and Physician

Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

See 1774 in science and Physicist

Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.

See 1774 in science and Physiology

Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy.

See 1774 in science and Pierre-Simon Laplace

Plant cell

Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

See 1774 in science and Plant cell

Plant nursery

A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown to a desired size.

See 1774 in science and Plant nursery

Potato

The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world.

See 1774 in science and Potato

Schiehallion experiment

The Schiehallion experiment was an 18th-century experiment to determine the mean density of the Earth.

See 1774 in science and Schiehallion experiment

Science

Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.

See 1774 in science and Science

Second voyage of James Cook

The second voyage of James Cook, from 1772 to 1775, commissioned by the British government with advice from the Royal Society, was designed to circumnavigate the globe as far south as possible to finally determine whether there was any great southern landmass, or Terra Australis.

See 1774 in science and Second voyage of James Cook

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1774_in_science

, Nevil Maskelyne, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Orbit, Otorhinolaryngology, Oxygen, Pacific Ocean, Palmerston Island, Paris, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Physician, Physicist, Physiology, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Plant cell, Plant nursery, Potato, Schiehallion experiment, Science, Second voyage of James Cook, Steam engine, Sugita Genpaku, Surgeon, Technology, William Henry (chemist), William Hewson (surgeon), William Hunter (anatomist), Wiltshire, 1701 in science, 1714 in science, 1739 in science, 1809 in science, 1816 in science, 1836 in science, 1838 in science, 1842 in science, 1844 in science, 1845 in science, 1856 in science, 1862 in science.

1774 in science, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

1770s in science

References