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2021 Brazilian protests, the Glossary

The 2021 Brazilian protests were popular demonstrations that took place in different regions of Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Protests both supporting and opposing the government happened. It was also the first time in the country when sectors linked to two antagonistic sides (the left and the right) began to protest over a common goal, with right-wing movements organizing demonstrations on January and joint protests with the left through June, September and October.^[1]

Agribusiness

Agribusiness is the industry, enterprises, and the field of study of value chains in agriculture and in the bio-economy, in which case it is also called bio-business or bio-enterprise.

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Alagoas

Alagoas, officially State of Alagoas, is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region.

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Alessandro Vieira

Alessandro Vieira (born 3 April 1975) sometimes better known as Delegado Alessandro Vieira is a federal senator of Brazil representing the state of Sergipe.

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Alexandre de Moraes

Alexandre de Moraes (born 13 December 1968) is a Brazilian jurist, currently serving as president of the Superior Electoral Court and as a justice of the Supreme Federal Court.

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Alexandre Frota

Alexandre Frota de Andrade (born October 14, 1963) is a Brazilian politician and a former model and porn star.

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Amapá

Amapá is one of the 26 states of Brazil.

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Amazon rainforest

The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.

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Amazonas (Brazilian state)

Amazonas is a state of Brazil, located in the North Region in the north-western corner of the country.

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Ana Maria Braga

Ana Maria Braga Maffeis (born 1 April 1949) is a Brazilian television host.

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Anonymous (hacker group)

Anonymous is a decentralized international activist and hacktivist collective and movement primarily known for its various cyberattacks against several governments, government institutions and government agencies, corporations and the Church of Scientology.

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Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

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Anti-racism

Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups.

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Arson

Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property.

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Arthur do Val

Arthur Moledo do Val (born 21 August 1986 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician, activist member of Free Brazil Movement, YouTuber and entrepreneur.

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Arthur Lira

Arthur César Pereira de Lira (born 25 June 1969) is a Brazilian lawyer, farmer, entrepreneur and politician.

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Attorney General of the Union (Brazil)

The Attorney General Office (Advocacia-Geral da União, AGU) is a cabinet-level position in the Brazilian government charged with advising the Executive Branch and representing the federal government of Brazil in legal proceedings legally known as the Union (União).

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Avante (political party)

Avante is a centrist Brazilian political party.

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Bahia

Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country.

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Barricade

Barricade (from the French barrique - 'barrel') is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction.

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Baton (law enforcement)

A baton (also truncheon, nightstick, billy club, billystick, cosh, lathi, or simply stick) is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic, or metal.

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Bauru

Bauru is a Brazilian municipality in midwestern region of the state of São Paulo.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Belém

Belém (Portuguese for Bethlehem; initially called Nossa Senhora de Belém do Grão-Pará, in English Our Lady of Bethlehem of Great Pará), often called Belém of Pará, is a Brazilian city, capital and largest city of the state of Pará in the country's north.

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Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, with a population of 6 million.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Bia Kicis

Beatriz Kicis Torrents de Sordi (born 19 September 1961), better known as Bia Kicis, is a Brazilian politician, activist, YouTuber, lawyer, and former attorney general for Brazil's Federal District.

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Black Awareness Day

In Brazil, Black Consciousness Day (Dia da Consciência Negra) is observed annually on November 20 as a day "to celebrate a regained awareness by the black community about their great worth and contribution to the country".

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BR-101 (Brazil highway)

The BR-101 (also called Translitorânea (transcoastal), officially named Rodovia Governador Mário Covas., Lei nº 10.292/01 – Rodovia Governador Mário Covas and nicknamed Briói in some regions) is a longitudinal highway of Brazil.

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BR-116 (Brazil highway)

BR-116 is a federal route of highways of Brazil and the longest highway in the country, with of extension.

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Brasília

Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District, located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region.

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Brazil Union

The Brazil Union is a liberal-conservative political party in Brazil.

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Brazilian Communist Party

The Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro), originally the Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil), is a communist party in Brazil, founded on 25 March 1922.

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Brazilian Democratic Movement

The Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian political party.

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Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency

The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (italics, Anvisa, literally National Health Surveillance Agency) is a regulatory body of the Brazilian government, created in 1999 during President Fernando Henrique Cardoso's term of office.

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The Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira, PSDB), also known as the Brazilian Social Democratic Party or the Party of Brazilian Social Democracy,.

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The Brazilian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Brasileiro, PSB) is a political party in Brazil.

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Cacerolazo

In Spanish, a cacerolazo or cacerolada; also in Catalan a cassolada is a form of popular protest which consists of a group of people making noise by banging pots, pans, and other utensils in order to call for attention.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.

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Camilo Santana

Camilo Sobreira de Santana (born 3 June 1968) is a Brazilian agricultural engineer and politician, affiliated to the Workers' Party (PT).

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Campinas

Campinas (Plains or Meadows) is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region.

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Carla Zambelli

Carla Zambelli Salgado de Oliveira (born 3 July 1980) is a Brazilian far-right activist and politician.

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Carlos Bolsonaro

Carlos Nantes Bolsonaro (born 7 December 1982), is a Brazilian politician, the second son of the 38th President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro.

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Ceará

Ceará is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast.

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Central Única dos Trabalhadores

Central Única dos Trabalhadores (Unified Workers' Central), commonly known by the acronym CUT, is the main national trade union center in Brazil.

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Centre of People's Movements

The Centre of People's Movements or Popular Movements Central (Central de Movimentos Populares, CMP) is a Brazilian left-wing social movement organization that articulate various social urban movements in their common and general struggles, such as housing, health, women, blacks, solidarity economy, among others. 2021 Brazilian protests and Centre of People's Movements are protests in Brazil.

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Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)

The Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil.

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Change.org

Change.org is a website which allows users to create and sign petitions to advance various social causes by raising awareness and influencing decision-makers.

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Chapecó

Chapecó is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina, in the Southern Region of Brazil.

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Chloroquine

Chloroquine is a medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to its effects.

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Cidadania

Cidadania is a Brazilian political party.

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Cinelândia

Cinelândia is the popular name of a major public square in the centre of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Ciro Gomes

Ciro Ferreira Gomes (born 6 November 1957), known mononymously as Ciro, is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and academic.

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Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the active, and professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority).

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Civil disorder

Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, civil strife, or turmoil, are situations when law enforcement struggle to maintain public order or tranquility.

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Civil resistance

Civil resistance is a form of political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by ordinary people to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.

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Commodity

In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that specifically has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.

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Communist Party of Brazil

The Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil, PCdoB) is a political party in Brazil.

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Condensed milk

Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed (roughly 60% of it).

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Consolação Street

Consolação Street (Portuguese: Rua da Consolação) is an important thoroughfare in the Brazilian city of São Paulo.

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Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro

Copacabana is a bairro (neighbourhood) located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Cost of living

The cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living for an individual or a household.

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Covaxin

Covaxin (development name, BBV152) is a whole inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology.

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COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

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COVID-19 CPI

The COVID-19 CPI, also known as Pandemic CPI, Coronavirus CPI, or simply COVID CPI, was a parliamentary inquiry commission from Brazil, with the goal to investigate alleged omissions and irregularities in federal government actions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. 2021 Brazilian protests and COVID-19 CPI are 2021 in Brazilian politics, April 2021 events in Brazil, COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro.

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COVID-19 misinformation

False information, including intentional disinformation and conspiracy theories, about the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease has been spread through social media, text messaging, and mass media.

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COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

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COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil has resulted in confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths.

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Curitiba

Curitiba is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Southern Brazil.

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Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)

The Democratic Labour Party (Partido Democrático Trabalhista, PDT) is a political party in Brazil.

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Democrats (Brazil)

The Democrats (Democratas, DEM) was a centre-right political party in Brazil that merged with the Social Liberal Party to found the Brazil Union in 2021.

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Dias Toffoli

José Antonio Dias Toffoli (born November 15, 1967) is a Brazilian lawyer who has been a member of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil since 2009, nominated by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

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Diplomatic mission

A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state.

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Direct action

Direct action is a term for economic and political behavior in which participants use agency—for example economic or physical power—to achieve their goals.

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Dublin

Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland and also the largest city by size on the island of Ireland.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).

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Edson Fachin

Luiz Edson Fachin (born 8 February 1958) is a Brazilian jurist and lawyer.

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Eduardo Bolsonaro

Eduardo Nantes Bolsonaro (born 10 July 1984) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and federal police officer.

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Eduardo Girão

Luís Eduardo Grangeiro Girão (born 25 September 1972) more commonly known as Eduardo Girão is a Brazilian politician as well as a businessman and football club president.

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Eduardo Pazuello

Eduardo Pazuello (born 19 July 1963) is a Brazilian divisional general of the Brazilian Army and politician, he served as Minister of Health between 2020 and 2021.

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Ele Não movement

The #EleNão (Portuguese for "not him") movement, also known as the protests against Jair Bolsonaro, were demonstrations led by women which took place in several regions of Brazil and, with less intensity, in other countries.

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Emergency management

Emergency management (also disaster management) is a science and a system charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.

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Ernesto Araújo

Ernesto Henrique Fraga Araújo (born 15 May 1967) is a Brazilian diplomat and Brazil's former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

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Espírito Santo

Espírito Santo is a state in southeastern Brazil.

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Fake news

Fake news or information disorder is false or misleading information (misinformation, including disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes) presented as news.

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Farroupilha Park

Farroupilha Park (Parque Farroupilha in Portuguese), also known as Parque da Redenção, is a major urban park in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil.

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Federal District (Brazil)

The Federal District (Distrito Federal) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil.

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Federal government of Brazil

The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district.

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Federal Senate (Brazil)

The Federal Senate (Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil.

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Felipe Neto

Felipe Neto Rodrigues Vieira (born January 21, 1988) is a Brazilian YouTuber, businessman, actor, comedian, writer and philanthropist, currently having 44.7 million subscribers and more than fifteen billion accumulated views.

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Fernanda Lima

Fernanda Cama Pereira Lima (born 25 June 1977) is a Brazilian television presenter and model.

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Fernando Haddad

Fernando Haddad (born 25 January 1963) is a Brazilian scholar, lawyer and politician who has served as the Brazilian Minister of Finance since 1 January 2023.

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Flávio Bolsonaro

Flávio Nantes Bolsonaro (born 30 April 1981) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and entrepreneur who is the eldest child of the 38th President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro.

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Florianópolis

Florianópolis is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina, in the South region of Brazil.

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Fortaleza

Fortaleza (Fortress) is the state capital of Ceará, located in Northeastern Brazil.

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Free Brazil Movement

The Free Brazil Movement (MBL) is a Brazilian conservative and economically liberal movement founded on Saturday, 1 November 2014.

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Freiburg im Breisgau

Freiburg im Breisgau (Alemannic: Friburg im Brisgau; Fribourg-en-Brisgau; Freecastle in the Breisgau; mostly called simply Freiburg) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.

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Gilson Machado Neto

Gilson Machado Guimarães Neto, commonly known as Gilson Machado Neto, is a Brazilian entrepreneur, politician and was the Minister of Tourism under the government of Jair Bolsonaro.

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Gleisi Hoffmann

Gleisi Helena Hoffmann (born 6 September 1965) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician.

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GNT

GNT is a Brazilian pay television channel.

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Goiânia

Goiânia is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás.

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Green Party (Brazil)

The Green Party (Partido Verde, PV) is a political party in Brazil.

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Gregorio Duvivier

Gregorio Byington Duvivier (born 11 April 1986) is a Brazilian actor, comedian and poet.

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Guilherme Boulos

Guilherme Castro Boulos (born 19 June 1982) is a Brazilian politician, activist and writer.

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Guta Stresser

Maria Augusta Labatut Stresser (born 28 September 1972), known professionally as Guta Stresser, is a Brazilian actress, writer, and theatre director.

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Hamilton Mourão

Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão (born 15 August 1953) is a Brazilian politician and retired military officer who served as the 25th vice president of Brazil from 2019 to 2023.

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Homeless Workers' Movement

The Homeless Workers Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Teto. MTST) is a social movement in Brazil.

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Hydroxychloroquine

Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth, often in the form of hydroxychloroquine sulfate.

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Ibaneis Rocha

Ibaneis Rocha Barros Junior (born 10 July 1971) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and the current Governor of the Federal District.

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Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff

The impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, the 36th president of Brazil, began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment being accepted by Eduardo Cunha, then president of the Chamber of Deputies, and continued into late 2016.

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Independence Day (Brazil)

The Independence Day of Brazil (Dia da Independência), commonly called Sete de Setembro ('Seven of September'), is a national holiday observed in Brazil on 7 September of every year.

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Indigenous peoples in Brazil

Indigenous peoples once comprised an estimated 2,000 tribes and nations inhabiting what is now Brazil, prior to European contact around 1500 AD.

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Internet activism

Internet activism involves the use of electronic-communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences, as well as coordination.

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Jacarezinho, Rio de Janeiro

Jacarezinho is a favela (Brazilian neighborhood) in Rio de Janeiro, with more than 60,300 residents living in an area of.

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Jair Bolsonaro

Jair Messias Bolsonaro (born 21 March 1955) is a Brazilian politician and retired military officer who served as the 38th president of Brazil from 2019 to 2023.

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January 6 United States Capitol attack

On January 6, 2021, the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. was attacked by a mob of supporters of then-U.S. president Donald Trump, two months after his defeat in the 2020 presidential election. 2021 Brazilian protests and January 6 United States Capitol attack are 2021 protests.

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Júlia Lemmertz

Júlia Lemmertz Dias (born March 18, 1963) is a Brazilian television, film and stage actress.

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Júlio Lancellotti

Monsignor Júlio Renato Lancellotti, GCONM (born December 27, 1948) is a Brazilian Catholic educator and priest, Monsignor and parish priest of the São Miguel Arcanjo Church in the Mooca neighborhood, in the city of São Paulo. In addition to the parish, he is also responsible for the masses held in the chapel of the Universidade São Judas Tadeu, located in the same neighborhood.

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João Amoêdo

João Dionisio Filgueira Barreto Amoêdo (born 22 October 1962), also known as João Amoêdo, is a Brazilian banker, engineer and businessman.

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João Doria

João Agripino da Costa Doria Júnior (born 16 December 1957) is a Brazilian politician, businessman and journalist who served as Governor of São Paulo, from January 2019 to March 2022.

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João Pessoa, Paraíba

João Pessoa is a port city in northeastern Brazil.

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Joice Hasselmann

Joice Cristina Hasselmann (née Bejuska; 29 January 1978) is a Brazilian politician, journalist, writer, activist, and political commentator.

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Landless Workers' Movement

The Landless Workers' Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, MST) is a social movement in Brazil aimed at land reform. 2021 Brazilian protests and Landless Workers' Movement are protests in Brazil.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy as a whole or certain social hierarchies.

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LGBT

is an initialism that stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender".

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Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)

The Liberal Party (Partido Liberal, PL) is a conservative political party in Brazil.

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List of political parties in Brazil

Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.

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List of protests in the 21st century

This is a list of protests in the 21st century.

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Livres (movement)

Livres (Free) is a Brazilian economic liberal political movement.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Looting

Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.

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Luís Roberto Barroso

Luís Roberto Barroso (born 11 March 1958) is a Brazilian law professor, jurist, Justice and President of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, having been nominated to the position by President Dilma Rousseff in 2013.

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Luciana dos Santos

Luciana Alves dos Santos (born 10 February 1970) is a Brazilian long jumper, triple jumper and sprinter.

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Luciano Huck

Luciano Grostein Huck (born 3 September 1971) is a Brazilian TV host and entrepreneur.

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Luisa Arraes

Luisa Cavendish Arraes (born 15 August 1993) is a Brazilian actress, singer, film-maker, author and screenwriter.

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Luiz Fux

Luiz Fux (born 26 April 1953) is a Brazilian judge and the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Federal Court.

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Luiz Henrique Mandetta

Luiz Henrique Mandetta (born 30 November 1964) is a Brazilian pediatric orthopedist and politician, member of the Brazil Union (UNIÃO).

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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), also known as Lula da Silva or simply Lula, is a Brazilian politician who is the 39th and current president of Brazil since 2023.

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Mackenzie Presbyterian University

Mackenzie Presbyterian University (Portuguese: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie) is a private university in São Paulo, Brazil.

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Manuela d'Ávila

Manuela Pinto Vieira d'Ávila (born 18 August 1981) is a Brazilian journalist, writer and politician, a member of the Communist Party of Brazil since 2001.

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Maranhão

Maranhão is a state in Brazil.

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Marcelo Adnet

Marcelo França Adnet (born September 5, 1981, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actor, comedian and former VJ.

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Marcelo Queiroga

Marcelo Antônio Cartaxo Queiroga Lopes (born 1 December 1963) is a Brazilian cardiologist, who served as minister of health of Brazil, from 23 March 2021 to 31 December 2022.

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Maria Ribeiro

Maria do Amaral Ribeiro (born 9 November 1975) is a Brazilian actress, screenwriter and film director.

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Mato Grosso

Mato Grosso (–) is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the Central-West region.

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Mato Grosso do Sul

Mato Grosso do Sul is one of Brazil's 27 federal units, located in the southern part of the Central-West Region, bordering five Brazilian states: Mato Grosso (to the north), Goiás and Minas Gerais (northeast), São Paulo (east) and Paraná (southeast); and two South America countries: Paraguay (south and southwestern) and Bolivia (west).

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Military Police (Brazil)

Military Police are the uniformed preventive state police of the states and of the Federal District of Brazil.

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Minas Gerais

Minas Gerais is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 census.

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Minister (government)

A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers.

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Ministry of Health (Brazil)

The Ministry of Health (Portuguese: Ministério da Saúde) is a cabinet-level federal ministry in Brazil.

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Molotov cocktail

A Molotov cocktail (among several other names – see) is a hand-thrown incendiary weapon consisting of a frangible container filled with flammable substances and equipped with a fuse (typically a glass bottle filled with flammable liquids sealed with a cloth wick).

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Monumental Axis

The Monumental Axis (Eixo Monumental) is the central and main avenue in Brasília's city design.

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Motorcade

A motorcade, or autocade, is a procession of motor vehicles.

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Movimento Vem pra Rua

The Movement Come to the Streets is a Brazilian sociopolitical movement founded in October 2014.

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Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Natal (literally Christmas or natal (something related to "birth")) is the capital and largest city of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in northeastern Brazil.

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National Congress of Brazil

The National Congress (Congresso Nacional) is the legislative body of Brazil's federal government.

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National Union of Students (Brazil)

The National Union of Students (União Nacional dos Estudantes or UNE) is a student organization in Brazil.

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Nelson Teich

Nelson Luiz Sperle Teich (born 24 July 1957) is a Brazilian oncologist, health consultant and entrepreneur who briefly served as Minister of Health of Brazil, from 17 April 2020 after being appointed by President Jair Bolsonaro to replace outgoing Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta, to his resignation on 15 May 2020 after nearly a month at the helm.

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New Party (Brazil)

The New Party (Portuguese: Partido Novo, stylised NOVO) is a classical liberal, libertarian party in Brazil founded on 12 February 2011.

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New Year's Eve

In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve, also known as Old Year's Day, is the evening or the entire day of the last day of the year, 31 December.

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Nise Yamaguchi

Nise Hitomi Yamaguchi (Maringá, May 6, 1959) is a Brazilian physician with the American ECFMG-ES tests. 2021 Brazilian protests and Nise Yamaguchi are COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

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Omar Aziz

Omar José Abdel Aziz (born November 9, 1958) is a Brazilian politician.

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Opposition (politics)

In politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the government (or, in American English, the administration), party or group in political control of a city, region, state, country or other political body.

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Order of Attorneys of Brazil

The Order of Attorneys of Brazil (National Bar Association of Brazil) (Portuguese: Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil) is the Brazilian Bar Association, founded in 1930.

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Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine

The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield and Vaxzevria among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, using as a vector the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1.

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Paraná (state)

Paraná is one of the 26 states of Brazil, in the south of the country.

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Pará

Pará is a state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River.

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Patriota

Patriota, abbreviated PATRI and formerly known as the National Ecological Party (Partido Ecológico Nacional, abbreviated PEN), was a right-wing to far-right political party in Brazil.

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Paulista Avenue

Paulista Avenue (Avenida Paulista in Portuguese, Paulista being the demonym for those born in the state of São Paulo) is one of the most important avenues in São Paulo, Brazil.

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Paulo Betti

Paulo Sérgio Betti (born 8 September 1952) is a Brazilian actor, playwright, and stage director.

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Paulo Câmara

Paulo Henrique Saraiva Câmara (born August 8, 1972, in Recife) is a Brazilian politician who served as governor of Pernambuco from 2015 to 2023.

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Paulo Guedes

Paulo Roberto Nunes Guedes (born 24 August 1949) is a Brazilian economist and co-founder of the investment bank BTG Pactual.

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Pepper spray

Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, or capsicum spray is a lachrymator (tear gas) product containing the compound capsaicin as the active ingredient that irritates the eyes to cause burning and pain sensations, as well as temporary blindness.

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Pernambuco

Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country.

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Petition

A petition is a request to do something, most commonly addressed to a government official or public entity.

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Picketing

Picketing is a form of protest in which people (called pickets or picketers) congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place.

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Podemos (Brazil)

Podemos (PODE), previously known as the National Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Nacional, PTN) is a centre-right Brazilian political party.

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Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

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Political demonstration

A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in order to hear speakers.

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Pop rock

Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is a fusion genre and form of rock music characterized by a strong commercial appeal, with more emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude than standard rock music.

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Popular Unity (Brazil)

Popular Unity (Unidade Popular, UP), also known as Popular Unity for Socialism (Unidade Popular pelo Socialismo, UPS), is a Brazilian political party founded on 16 June 2016, which had its right to launch candidacies recognized by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) on 10 December 2019.

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Porto Alegre

Porto Alegre (Brazilian) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.

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Praça Roosevelt

Praça Roosevelt is a public square in São Paulo, Brazil.

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President of Brazil

The president of Brazil (presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

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Privatization

Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector.

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Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)

The Proclamation of the Republic (Proclamação da República), Coup of 1889 (Golpe de 1889), or Coup of the Republic (Golpe da República) was a military coup d'état that established the First Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889.

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Prosecutor General of the Republic (Brazil)

The Prosecutor General of the Republic (Procurador-Geral da República) is the head of the Brazilian Federal Prosecution Office, an autonomous agency in charge of criminal prosecution and the defense of society in general.

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Protest

A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one.

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Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

Protests, demonstrations and strikes occurred around the world against national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental bodies. 2021 Brazilian protests and Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are 2021 protests and protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Randolfe Rodrigues

Randolph Frederich Rodrigues Alves (Garanhuns, 6 November 1972) is a Brazilian journalist and politician.

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RBD

RBD is a Mexican Latin pop group that gained popularity from Televisa's telenovela Rebelde (2004–2006).

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Recife

Recife is the state capital of Pernambuco, Brazil, on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America.

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Record (TV network)

Record, formerly known as Rede Record and RecordTV, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network.

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Renan Calheiros

José Renan Vasconcelos Calheiros (born 16 September 1955) is a Brazilian politician and former President of the Federal Senate of Brazil.

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Renata Sorrah

Renata Leonardo Pereira Sochaczewski (born 21 February 1947), known professionally as Renata Sorrah, is a Brazilian actress.

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Res judicata

Res judicata or res iudicata, also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for judged matter, and refers to either of two concepts in common law civil procedure: a case in which there has been a final judgment and that is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine meant to bar (or preclude) relitigation of a claim between the same parties.

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Ricardo Salles

Ricardo de Aquino Salles (born 8 June 1975) is a Brazilian politician who has served as Minister of the Environment from 1 January 2019 to 23 June 2021, under President Jair Bolsonaro.

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Right-wing politics

Right-wing politics is the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position based on natural law, economics, authority, property, religion, biology, or tradition.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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Rio de Janeiro (state)

Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.

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Rio Grande do Sul

Rio Grande do Sul ("Great River of the South") is a state in the southern region of Brazil.

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Riot

A riot or mob violence is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people.

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Riot police

Riot police are police who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront crowds, protests or riots.

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Rodrigo Pacheco (politician)

Rodrigo Otavio Soares Pacheco (born 3 November 1976) is a Brazilian politician and lawyer, serving as the President of the Federal Senate and of the National Congress of Brazil.

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

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Roraima

Roraima is one of the 26 states of Brazil.

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Rui Costa (politician)

Rui Costa dos Santos (born 18 January 1963) is a Brazilian economist and politician who has served as the Chief of Staff of the Presidency since 1 January 2023.

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Salvador, Bahia

Salvador is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia.

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Samantha Schmütz

Samantha Schmütz Cannet (born January 28, 1979) is a Brazilian actress and comedian.

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Santa Catarina (state)

Santa Catarina is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.

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São José dos Campos

São José dos Campos (meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a major city and the seat of the municipality of the same name in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of São Paulo.

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São Paulo (state)

São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.

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São Paulo Museum of Art

The São Paulo Museum of Art (Museu de Arte de São Paulo, or MASP) is an art museum located on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

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Siege of Salvador (1822–1823)

The siege of Salvador occurred during the Brazilian War of Independence, during which the newly formed Brazilian army, under the command of French general Pierre Labatut, attempted to capture the city of Salvador in Bahia from its Portuguese defenders.

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Simone Tebet

Simone Nassar Tebet (born 22 February 1970) is a Brazilian academic, lawyer, and politician who has served as the Brazilian Minister of Planning and Budget since 5 January 2023.

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The Social Christian Party (Partido Social Cristão, PSC) was a Christian-conservative political party in Brazil.

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The Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático, PSD) is a political party in Brazil led by Gilberto Kassab and uniting dissidents from various political parties, especially the Democrats, Brazilian Social Democracy Party and Party of National Mobilization.

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Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people.

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The Social Liberal Party (Partido Social Liberal, PSL) was a far-right political party in Brazil, that merged with the Democrats and founded the Brazil Union.

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Socialism and Liberty Party

The Socialism and Liberty Party (Partido Socialismo e Liberdade, PSOL) is a left-wing political party in Brazil.

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Solidarity (Brazil)

Solidarity (Portuguese: Solidariedade) is a Brazilian social-democratic political party that uses the TSE number 77.

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State of emergency

A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens.

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Strike action

Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike and industrial action in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.

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Supreme Federal Court

The Federal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal,, abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the country's Constitutional Court.

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Sustainability Network

The Sustainability Network (Rede Sustentabilidade, REDE) is an environmentalist Brazilian political party founded in 2013 by Marina Silva, a Brazilian politician from Acre.

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Tabata Amaral

Tabata Claudia Amaral de Pontes (born 14 November 1993) is a Brazilian politician and education activist.

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Tear gas

Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator, sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears.

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The Hague

The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands.

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Torcida organizada

Torcidas organizadas (organized fans or organized supporters) are formal (or informal) associations of football fans in Brazil in the same vein as barras bravas in the rest of Latin America, hooligan firms in United Kingdom and ultras in the rest of Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and North Africa.

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TV Globo

TV Globo (stylized as tvglobo;, "Globe TV", or simply Globo and alternatively as Global), formerly known as Rede Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965.

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Twitter

X, commonly referred to by its former name Twitter, is a social networking service.

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The United Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado, PSTU) is a Trotskyist party in Brazil.

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Vale do Anhangabaú

Vale do Anhangabaú (Anhangabaú Valley) is a region in the city center of São Paulo, located between the viaducts do Chá and Santa Ifigênia.

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Vandalism

Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

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Vitória, Espírito Santo

Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

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Walter Casagrande

Wálter Casagrande Júnior (born 15 April 1963), sometimes known as just Casagrande, is a Brazilian football pundit and retired footballer, who played as a forward.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Workers' Cause Party

Workers' Cause Party (Partido da Causa Operária, PCO) is a political party in Brazil.

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Workers' Party

Workers' Party is a name used by several political parties throughout the world.

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Workers' Party (Brazil)

The Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) is a centre-left political party in Brazil that is currently the country's ruling party.

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Xuxa

Maria da Graça Xuxa Meneghel (born Maria da Graça Meneghel, 27 March 1963) is a Brazilian presenter, actress, singer, and businesswoman.

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Yahoo! News

Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.

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Zumbi

Zumbi (1655 – November 20, 1695), also known as Zumbi dos Palmares, was a Brazilian quilombola leader and one of the pioneers of resistance to slavery of Africans by the Portuguese in colonial Brazil.

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2013 protests in Brazil

The 2013 Brazilian protests were public demonstrations in several Brazilian cities, initiated mainly by the Movimento Passe Livre (Free Fare Movement), a local entity that advocates for free public transportation. 2021 Brazilian protests and 2013 protests in Brazil are protests in Brazil.

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2015–2016 protests in Brazil

In 2015 and 2016, a series of protests in Brazil denounced corruption and the government of President Dilma Rousseff, triggered by revelations that numerous politicians allegedly accepted bribes connected to contracts at state-owned energy company Petrobras between 2003 and 2010 and connected to the Workers' Party, while Rousseff chaired the company's board of directors. 2021 Brazilian protests and 2015–2016 protests in Brazil are protests in Brazil.

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2020 Brazilian protests

The 2020 Brazilian protests and demonstrations were popular demonstrations that took place in several regions of Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. 2021 Brazilian protests and 2020 Brazilian protests are COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro, protests in Brazil and protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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2021 Brazilian military crisis

A military crisis was triggered in March 2021 when Brazil's highest military officials resigned in response to President Jair Bolsonaro's attempts to politicize the armed forces. 2021 Brazilian protests and 2021 Brazilian military crisis are 2021 in Brazil, march 2021 events in Brazil and Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro.

See 2021 Brazilian protests and 2021 Brazilian military crisis

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests

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2021 Brazilian protests, the Glossary

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