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2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage, the Glossary

On 26 September 2022, a series of underwater explosions and consequent gas leaks occurred on the Nord Stream 1 (NS1) and Nord Stream 2 (NS2) natural gas pipelines, two of 23 gas pipelines between Europe and Russia.^[1]

218 relations: ABC News (United States), Aliso Canyon gas leak, Alta-class minesweeper, Alternative for Germany, Andreas Umland, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Anti-fouling paint, ARD (broadcaster), Associated Press, Atmospheric methane, Automatic identification system, Baltic Pipe, Baltic region, Baltic Sea, Baltiysk, BALTOPS, Bavaria Yachtbau, Bellingcat, Berliner Zeitung, Berlingske, Boris Pistorius, Bornholm, Buoyancy, Cabinet of Germany, Central European Summer Time, Central Intelligence Agency, Clearance diver, CNN, Corrosion, Crimea, Dagbladet Information, Dagens Nyheter, Danish Defence, Danish Defence Intelligence Service, Danish Energy Agency, Danish Maritime Authority, Defence Command (Denmark), Der Spiegel, Der Spiegel (website), Der Tagesspiegel, Detonation velocity, Deutsche Welle, Deutschlandfunk, Die Welt, Die Zeit, Dmitry Peskov, Donald Trump, Donetsk People's Republic, DR (broadcaster), Dueodde, ... Expand index (168 more) »
2022 disasters in Europe
2022 in Sweden
2022 industrial disasters
Acts of sabotage
Explosions in Denmark
History of the Baltic Sea
Pipeline accidents
Pollution events in 2022
Russia–European Union relations
Scholz cabinet
September 2022 crimes in Europe
September 2022 events in Denmark
Spillover of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Unsolved crimes in Europe

ABC News (United States)

ABC News is the news division of the American television network ABC.

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Aliso Canyon gas leak

The Aliso Canyon gas leak (also called Porter Ranch gas leak and Porter Ranch gas blowout) was a massive methane leak in the Santa Susana Mountains near the neighborhood of Porter Ranch in the city of Los Angeles, California.

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Alta-class minesweeper

The Alta class is a ship class of minesweepers operated by the Royal Norwegian Navy.

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Alternative for Germany

Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) is a far-rightFar-right.

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Andreas Umland

Andreas Umland (born 1967) is a German political scientist studying contemporary Russian and Ukrainian history as well as regime transitions.

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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

In February and March 2014, Russia invaded the Crimean Peninsula, part of Ukraine, and then annexed it.

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Anti-fouling paint

Anti-fouling paint is a specialized category of coatings applied as the outer (outboard) layer to the hull of a ship or boat, to slow the growth of and facilitate detachment of subaquatic organisms that attach to the hull and can affect a vessel's performance and durability.

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ARD (broadcaster)

ARD is a joint organisation of Germany's regional public-service broadcasters.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Atmospheric methane

Atmospheric methane is the methane present in Earth's atmosphere.

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Automatic identification system

The automatic identification system (AIS) is an automatic tracking system that uses transceivers on ships and is used by vessel traffic services (VTS).

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Baltic Pipe

The Baltic Pipe is a natural gas pipeline between Europipe II (which traverses the North Sea between Norway and Germany) and Poland.

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Baltic region

The Baltic Sea Region, alternatively the Baltic Rim countries (or simply the Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states, refers to the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, including parts of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.

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Baltiysk

Baltiysk (Балти́йск; Pillau; Old Prussian: Pillawa; Piliava; Yiddish: פּילאַווע, Pilave) is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay.

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BALTOPS

BALTOPS (Baltic Operations) is an annual military exercise, held and sponsored by the Commander, United States Naval Forces Europe, since 1971, in the Baltic Sea and the regions surrounding it.

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Bavaria Yachtbau

Bavaria Yachtbau was founded in 1978 by Winfried Herrman, a window manufacturer, and Josef Meltl, a yacht charter broker.

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Bellingcat

Bellingcat (stylised bell¿ngcat) is a Netherlands-based investigative journalism group that specialises in fact-checking and open-source intelligence (OSINT).

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Berliner Zeitung

The Berliner Zeitung is a daily newspaper based in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlingske

Berlingske, previously known as Berlingske Tidende ('Berling's Times'), is a Danish national daily newspaper based in Copenhagen.

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Boris Pistorius

Boris Pistorius (born 14 March 1960) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who has been serving as the Federal Minister of Defence in the cabinet of Chancellor Olaf Scholz since 19 January 2023.

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Bornholm

Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.

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Buoyancy

Buoyancy, or upthrust, is a gravitational force, a net upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.

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Cabinet of Germany

The Federal Cabinet (Bundeskabinett), or according to the German Basic Law, the Federal Government (Bundesregierung), is the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Central European Summer Time

Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Clearance diver

A clearance diver was originally a specialist naval diver who used explosives underwater to remove obstructions to make harbours and shipping channels safe to navigate, but the term "clearance diver" was later used to include other naval underwater work.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Corrosion

Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

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Dagbladet Information

Information, full name: Dagbladet Information, is a Danish newspaper published Monday through Saturday.

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Dagens Nyheter

(), abbreviated DN, is a daily newspaper in Sweden.

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Danish Defence

The Danish Defence (Forsvaret; Danska verjan; Illersuisut) is the unified armed forces of the Kingdom of Denmark charged with the defence of Denmark and its self-governing territories Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

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Danish Defence Intelligence Service

The Danish Defence Intelligence Service (DDIS; Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, FE) is a Danish intelligence agency, responsible for Denmark's foreign intelligence, as well as being the Danish military intelligence service.

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Danish Energy Agency

The Danish Energy Agency (Danish: Energistyrelsen) was established in 1976 as an agency of the Danish Ministry of Transport.

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The Danish Maritime Authority (Danish: Søfartsstyrelsen) is the agency of the Danish Government responsible for regulating and administrating Danish maritime affairs.

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Defence Command (Denmark)

The Danish Defence Command (DCD) (Forsvarskommando, FKO) is the Danish joint military command and the top coordination and controlling authority of the Danish Armed Forces.

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Der Spiegel

(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Der Spiegel (website)

() is a German news website.

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Der Tagesspiegel

(meaning The Daily Mirror) is a German daily newspaper.

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Detonation velocity

Explosive velocity, also known as detonation velocity or velocity of detonation (VoD), is the velocity at which the shock wave front travels through a detonated explosive.

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Deutsche Welle

("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.

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Deutschlandfunk

Deutschlandfunk (DLF, Broadcast Germany) is a public-broadcasting radio station in Germany, concentrating on news and current affairs.

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Die Welt

("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE.

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Die Zeit

() is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany.

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Dmitry Peskov

Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov (p; born 17 October 1967) is a Russian diplomat and the press secretary for Russian president Vladimir Putin.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

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Donetsk People's Republic

The Donetsk People's Republic (DPR; Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika (DNR),; ДНР) is a republic of Russia, comprising the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, with its capital in Donetsk.

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DR (broadcaster)

DR, officially the Danish Broadcasting Corporation in English, is a Danish public-service radio and television broadcasting company.

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Dueodde

Dueodde is a beach in Denmark on Bornholm's southernmost tip. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and Dueodde are Bornholm.

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Dueodde Lighthouse

The Dueodde Lighthouse (Dueodde Fyr) is located on the Danish island of Bornholm.

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Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service

The Military Intelligence and Security Service (Dutch: Militaire Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst) is the military intelligence service of the Netherlands, which operates under the Ministry of Defence.

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Dziennik Gazeta Prawna

Dziennik Gazeta Prawna (Polish: Daily Legal Newspaper; abbreviation: DGP) is a Polish legal and business daily newspaper, headquartered in Warsaw and published from Monday to Friday.

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Ekstra Bladet

is a Danish tabloid newspaper, published by JP/Politikens Hus in Copenhagen.

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Engineer Regiment (Denmark)

The Engineer Regiment (Ingeniørregimentet) is a regiment in the Royal Danish Army with base in Skive in Jutland.

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Environmental impact assessment

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.

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Ertholmene

Ertholmene (formerly spelled Ærtholmene) is a small archipelago in Denmark. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and Ertholmene are Bornholm.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).

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European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas

The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG) is an association of Europe's transmission system operators (TSOs).

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Exclusion zone

An exclusion zone is a territorial division established for various, case-specific purposes.

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Exclusive economic zone

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

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Explosion

An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases.

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Expressen

(The Express) is one of two nationwide evening newspapers in Sweden.

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False flag

A false flag operation is an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party.

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Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)

The Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany (abbreviated) is the federal investigative police agency of Germany, directly subordinated to the Federal Ministry of the Interior.

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Federal Intelligence Service

The Federal Intelligence Service (German: Bundesnachrichtendienst,; BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor's Office.

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Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)

The Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community (Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat,, abbreviated BMI, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Nancy Faeser. It is comparable to the British Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies.

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Federal Police (Germany)

The Federal Police (Bundespolizei or BPOL) is the national and principal federal law enforcement agency of the German Federal Government, being subordinate to the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community (Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat (BMI)).

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.

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Gas leak

A gas leak refers to a leak of natural gas or another gaseous product from a pipeline or other containment into any area where the gas should not be present.

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Gazprom

PJSC Gazprom (ɡɐsˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg.

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General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon

The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF).

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Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, GEUS) is the independent sector research institute under the Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy.

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Georgia–NATO relations

Georgia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) enjoy cordial relations.

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German Navy

The German Navy is part of the unified (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Global warming potential

Global warming potential (GWP) is an index to measure how much infrared thermal radiation a greenhouse gas would absorb over a given time frame after it has been added to the atmosphere (or emitted to the atmosphere).

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Government of Russia

The government of Russia (Pravitelstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation.

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Great-circle distance

The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them.

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Greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth.

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HDMS Absalon (F341)

HDMS Absalon (F341) and her sister ship are the two members of the.

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Helsinki Times

Helsinki Times is the first English-language daily online newspaper in Finland providing domestic and international news for the country's English-speaking readers.

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HMX

HMX, also called octogen, is a powerful and relatively insensitive nitroamine high explosive chemically related to RDX.

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Improvised explosive device

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action.

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Ingeniøren

Ingeniøren (full name: Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren, literally The News Magazine "The Engineer") is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.

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International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global energy sector.

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International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic

From April 2014 until September 2022, the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) claimed to be independent states. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic are Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

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International waters

The terms international waters or transboundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (aquifers), and wetlands.

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Jack Teixeira

Jack Douglas Teixeira (born December 2001) is a former American airman in the 102nd Intelligence Wing of the Massachusetts Air National Guard.

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Jens Stoltenberg

Jens Stoltenberg, OMC (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician who has been serving as the 13th secretary general of NATO since 2014.

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Joe Biden

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States since 2021.

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Joint investigation team

Joint investigation teams (JIT) are law enforcement and judicial teams set up jointly by EU national investigative agencies to handle cross-border crime.

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Josep Borrell

Josep Borrell Fontelles (born 24 April 1947) is a Spanish politician serving as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy since 1 December 2019.

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Kalix

Kalix (Kalix; Kalix dialect: Kôlis,, phonemically; Kainuu; Kainus) is a locality and the seat of the Kalix Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden.

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Kerch

Kerch, also known as Keriç or Kerich, is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea.

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Krasnodar

Krasnodar is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

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Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin (Moskovskiy Kreml'), or simply the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Libération

(liberation), popularly known as Libé, is a daily newspaper in France, founded in Paris by Jean-Paul Sartre and Serge July in 1973 in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968.

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Lieutenant commander

Lieutenant Commander (also hyphenated lieutenant-commander and abbreviated Lt Cdr, LtCdr., LCDR, or LCdr) is a commissioned officer rank in many navies.

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List of industrial disasters

This article lists notable industrial disasters, which are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or incompetence.

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Luhansk People's Republic

The Luhansk or Lugansk People's Republic (Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika,; abbreviated as LPR or LNR, ЛНР) is a republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast, with its capital in Luhansk.

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Magdalena Andersson

Eva Magdalena Andersson (born 23 January 1967) is a Swedish politician and economist who has been serving as Leader of the Opposition since October 2022 and Leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party since 2021.

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Malaysia Airlines Flight 17

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17/MAS17) was a scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that was shot down by Russian-backed forces with a Buk 9M38 surface-to-air missile on 17 July 2014, while flying over eastern Ukraine.

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MarineTraffic

MarineTraffic is a maritime analytics provider, which provides real-time information on the movements of ships and the current location of ships in harbors and ports.

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Mateusz Morawiecki

Mateusz Jakub Morawiecki (born 20 June 1968) is a Polish economist, historian and politician who served as the prime minister of Poland between 2017 and 2023.

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Member of the European Parliament

A member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).

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Mette Frederiksen

Mette Frederiksen (born 19 November 1977) is a Danish politician who has been serving as prime minister of Denmark since June 2019, and leader of the Social Democrats since June 2015.

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Military intelligence

Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders in their decisions.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norway)

The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norwegian Det kongelige utenriksdepartement or Utenriksdepartementet; Det kongelege utanriksdepartementet or Utanriksdepartementet; UD) is the foreign ministry of the Kingdom of Norway.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych, MSZ) is the Polish government department tasked with maintaining Poland's international relations and coordinating its participation in international and regional supra-national political organisations such as the European Union and United Nations.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MFA Russia; Министерство иностранныхдел Российской Федерации, МИД РФ) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia.

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Morten Bødskov

Morten Bødskov (born 1 May 1970) is a Danish Social Democratic politician, and member of the Folketing, currently serving as the Minister for Business since 2022.

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MSN

MSN (meaning Microsoft Network) is an American web portal and related collection of Internet services and apps for Windows and mobile devices, provided by Microsoft and launched on August 24, 1995, alongside the release of Windows 95.

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Mykhailo Podolyak

Mykhailo Mykhailovych Podolyak (Михайло Михайлович Подоляк; born 16 February 1972) is a Ukrainian politician, journalist and negotiator, serving as the advisor to the head of the Office of the President of Ukraine.

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N-tv

n-tv (styled ntv) is a German free-to-air television news channel owned by RTL Deutschland.

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Naftogaz

Naftogaz of Ukraine (НАК "Нафтогаз України", Naftogaz Ukrainy; literally "Naphtha-Gas of Ukraine") is the largest national oil and gas company of Ukraine.

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Nancy Faeser

Nancy Faeser (born 13 July 1970) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), serving as Federal Minister of the Interior and Community in Chancellor Olaf Scholz's cabinet since 2021.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine

The natural gas transmission system of Ukraine is a complex of pipelines for import and transit of gas in Ukraine.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

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Ned Price

Edward Price (born November 22, 1982) is an American diplomat, political advisor and former intelligence officer who serves as the deputy to the United States Ambassador to the United Nations since February 29, 2024.

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Nord Stream 1

Nord Stream (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 1"; translit) is a pair of offshore natural gas pipelines in Europe that run under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany.

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Nord Stream 2

Nord Stream 2 (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 2"; Северный поток — 2) is a natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany running through the Baltic Sea, financed by Gazprom and several European energy companies.

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Nord Stream AG

Nord Stream AG is a consortium for construction and operation of the Nord Stream 1 submarine pipeline between Vyborg in Russia and Greifswald in Germany.

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North Sea oil

North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea.

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NRK

The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (Norwegian Realm Broadcasting), commonly known by its initialism NRK, is a Norwegian state-controlled radio and television broadcasting company.

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Omni (website)

Omni is a Swedish news aggregator service developed by Schibsted.

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P wave

A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology.

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Parts-per notation

In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

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Pigging

In pipeline transportation, pigging is the practice of using pipeline inspection gauges or gadgets, devices generally referred to as pigs or scrapers, to perform various maintenance operations.

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Piotr Müller

Piotr Józef Müller (born 2 May 1989 in Słupsk) is a Polish politician and lawyer, Undersecretary of State (2018) and Secretary of State (2019) at the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, member of the Standing Committee of the Council of Ministers, Deputy to the 8th and 9th term Sejm, and from 2019, government spokesman and Secretary of State at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland.

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Pipeline

A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption.

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Politico

Politico (stylized in all caps), known originally as The Politico, is an American political digital newspaper company.

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Polygraph.info

Polygraph.info is a fact-checking website produced by Voice of America (VoA).

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Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine

In March and April 2021, prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces began massing thousands of personnel and military equipment near Russia's border with Ukraine and in Crimea, representing the largest mobilisation since the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine are Russia–European Union relations.

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Prime Minister of Denmark

The prime minister of Denmark (Danmarks statsminister, Forsætisráðharri, Ministeriuneq) is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark comprising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

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Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle

The Priz class (Project 1855) is a type of deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) operated by the government of Russia.

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Public Prosecutor General (Germany)

The Public Prosecutor General at the Federal Court of Justice (Generalbundesanwalt or Generalbundesanwältin beim Bundesgerichtshof) is the federal prosecutor of Germany, representing the federal government at the Bundesgerichtshof, the federal court of justice.

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Radosław Sikorski

Radosław Tomasz Sikorski (born 23 February 1963), better known as Radek Sikorski, is a Polish politician, journalist and statesman who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland in Donald Tusk's cabinet since 2023, previously holding the office between 2007 and 2014.

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Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

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Richter scale

The Richter scale, also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale".

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Roderich Kiesewetter

Roderich Kiesewetter (born 11 September 1963) is a former Bundeswehr general staff officer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2009.

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Rostock

Rostock (Polabian: Roztoc), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania.

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Royal Danish Defence College

The Royal Danish Defence College (Forsvarsakademiet; FAK) is an independent authority in the Armed Forces under the Armed Forces Commander's Defense Command, which provides training, research, advice, and consultancy services in core military areas.

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Royal Danish Navy

The Royal Danish Navy (Søværnet) is the sea-based branch of the Danish Armed Forces force.

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RTL (German TV channel)

RTL (from Radio Télévision Luxembourg), formerly RTL plus and RTL Television, is a German-language free-to-air television channel owned by RTL Deutschland, headquartered in Cologne.

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RTL Group

RTL Group S.A. ("Radio Télévision Luxembourg") is a Luxembourg-based international media conglomerate, with another corporate office in Cologne, Germany.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.

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Sabotage

Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization, destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Süddeutsche Zeitung

The Süddeutsche Zeitung, published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.

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Security Service of Ukraine

The Security Service of Ukraine (translit; abbreviated as SBU or SSU) is the main internal security agency of the Ukrainian government.

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Seismic magnitude scales

Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake.

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Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planetary bodies.

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Seismometer

A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground displacement and shaking such as caused by quakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions.

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Sergey Lavrov

Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (Сергей Викторович Лавров; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat who has served as the foreign minister of Russia since 2004.

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Seymour Hersh

Seymour Myron "Sy" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and political writer.

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Shaped charge

A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosive's energy.

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Shipwreck

A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is located either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water.

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Simrishamn

Simrishamn is a locality and the seat of Simrishamn Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6,527 inhabitants in 2010.

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Sonar

Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Source (journalism)

In journalism, a source is a person, publication, or knowledge of other record or document that gives timely information.

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Stanisław Żaryn (politician)

Stanisław Żaryn (born July 16, 1984, in Warsaw) is a Polish government official and journalist.

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State capitalism

State capitalism is an economic system in which the state undertakes business and commercial (i.e., for-profit) economic activity and where the means of production are nationalized as state-owned enterprises (including the processes of capital accumulation, centralized management and wage labor).

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State Duma

The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia.

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Stevns Peninsula

Stevns Peninsula is a peninsula on Zealand in Denmark.

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Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies

The Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies (Centrum för Östeuropastudier, SCEEUS) is a non-profit organization based in Stockholm, Sweden, opened in 2020 by the Swedish Institute of International Affairs.

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Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Substack

Substack is an American online platform that provides publishing, payment, analytics, and design infrastructure to support subscription newsletters.

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Svaneke

Svaneke (Swencke in 1410, from old Danish swan swan and *wīka inlet) is a small town on the eastern coast of the Baltic island of Bornholm, Denmark. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and Svaneke are Bornholm.

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Svenska kraftnät

Svenska kraftnät is an electricity transmission system operator in Sweden.

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Sveriges Radio

Sveriges Radio AB ("Sweden's Radio") is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster.

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Sveriges Television

Sveriges Television AB ("Sweden's Television Stock Company"), shortened to SVT, is the Swedish national public television broadcaster, funded by a public service tax on personal income set by the Riksdag (national parliament).

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Swedish Coast Guard

The Swedish Coast Guard (Kustbevakningen) is a Swedish civilian government agency tasked with.

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Swedish Navy

The Swedish Navy (Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.

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Swedish Police Authority

The Swedish Police Authority (Polismyndigheten) is the national police force (Polisen) of the Kingdom of Sweden.

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Swedish Prosecution Authority

The Swedish Prosecution Authority (Åklagarmyndigheten) is the principal agency in Sweden responsible for public prosecutions.

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Swedish Security Service

The Swedish Security Service (Säkerhetspolisen, abbreviated SÄPO; until 1989 Rikspolisstyrelsens säkerhetsavdelning, abbreviated RPS/Säk) is a Swedish government agency organized under the Ministry of Justice.

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SwePol

SwePol is a -long monopolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cable between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie, near Słupsk, Poland.

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T-Online

t-online.de is a German news portal, owned and published by digital multi-channel media company Ströer.

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Tagesschau (German TV programme)

Tagesschau (German for Review of the Day) is a German national and international television news service produced by the editorial staff of ARD-aktuell on behalf of the German public-service television network ARD.

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Teknisk Ukeblad

Teknisk Ukeblad (TU, Technical Weekly Magazine) is a Norwegian engineering magazine.

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Territorial waters

Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones).

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Hill (newspaper)

The Hill is an American newspaper and digital media company based in Washington, D.C., that was founded in 1994.

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The Intercept

The Intercept is an American left-wing nonprofit news organization that publishes articles and podcasts online.

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The Left (Germany)

The Left (Die Linke), commonly referred to as the Left Party (Die Linkspartei), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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The Wire (India)

The Wire is an Indian nonprofit news and opinion website.

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TNT equivalent

TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.

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Tributyltin

Tributyltin (TBT) is an umbrella term for a class of organotin compounds which contain the group, with a prominent example being tributyltin oxide.

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TV 2 (Danish TV channel)

TV 2 (TV to) is a Danish government-owned broadcast and subscription television station, based in Odense, Funen.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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Unmanned underwater vehicle

Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), also known as uncrewed underwater vehicles and underwater drones, are submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant.

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Ursula von der Leyen

Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen (born 8 October 1958) is a German politician, serving as the 13th president of the European Commission since 2019.

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USS Paul Ignatius

USS Paul Ignatius (DDG-117) is an of the United States Navy.

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Utklippan

Utklippan is a Swedish island group including Södraskär (South skerry), Norraskär (North skerry), and Degerhuvudet.

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.

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Valerii Zaluzhnyi

Valerii Fedorovych Zaluzhnyi (Вале́рій Фе́дорович Залу́жний; born 8 July 1973) is a Ukrainian four-star general and diplomat who is currently serving as Ambassador of Ukraine to the United Kingdom. He served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from 27 July 2021 until 8 February 2024.

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Vasily Nebenzya

Vasily Alekseyevich Nebenzya (Василий Алексеевич Небензя; born 26 February 1962) is a Russian diplomat and the current Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.

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Volodymyr Zelenskyy

Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy (born 25 January 1978) is a Ukrainian politician and former entertainer who has been serving as the sixth president of Ukraine since 2019, including during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine ongoing since 2022.

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Wagnergate

Wagnergate (firstly named "Avenue") was an operation by Ukrainian special services to entrap and detain mercenaries of Wagner Group, including those possibly involved in the downing of a Ukrainian IL-76 transport and the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.

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Wiek, Rügen

Wiek is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Yamal–Europe pipeline

The Yamal–Europe natural gas pipeline is a pipeline connecting Russian natural gas fields in the Yamal Peninsula and Western Siberia with Poland and Germany, through Belarus.

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Yle

Yleisradio Oy (Rundradion Ab), abbreviated as Yle (formerly styled in all uppercase until 2012), translated into English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.

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2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis

The 2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis describes an international incident triggered by two explosions on the Mozdok–Tbilisi natural gas pipeline in North Ossetia on January 22, 2006.

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2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion

On 20 December 2022, an explosion occurred on the Russian Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod gas pipeline, which supplies gas from Siberia to Europe through Ukraine. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and 2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion are 2022 industrial disasters, gas explosions and pipeline accidents.

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2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks

In April 2023, two sets of leaked classified foreign intelligence documents of the United States began circulating on Twitter, Telegram, and 4chan. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and 2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks are Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

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2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute

The Russia–EU gas dispute flared up in March 2022 following the invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage and 2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute are Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russia–European Union relations.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage

Also known as 2022 Nord Stream gas leaks, 2022 Nord Stream gas pipeline explosions, Nord Stream gas leak 2022, Nord Stream leaks, Nord Stream undersea explosions, Sabotage of the Nord Stream pipeline.

, Dueodde Lighthouse, Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service, Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, Ekstra Bladet, Engineer Regiment (Denmark), Environmental impact assessment, Ertholmene, European Commission, European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas, European Union, Exclusion zone, Exclusive economic zone, Explosion, Expressen, False flag, Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany), Federal Intelligence Service, Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Federal Police (Germany), Forbes, Gas leak, Gazprom, General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Georgia–NATO relations, German Navy, Germany, Global warming potential, Government of Russia, Great-circle distance, Greenhouse gas, HDMS Absalon (F341), Helsinki Times, HMX, Improvised explosive device, Ingeniøren, International Energy Agency, International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, International waters, Jack Teixeira, Jens Stoltenberg, Joe Biden, Joint investigation team, Josep Borrell, Kalix, Kerch, Krasnodar, Kremlin, Lead, Libération, Lieutenant commander, List of industrial disasters, Luhansk People's Republic, Magdalena Andersson, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, MarineTraffic, Mateusz Morawiecki, Member of the European Parliament, Methane, Mette Frederiksen, Military intelligence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norway), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Morten Bødskov, MSN, Mykhailo Podolyak, N-tv, Naftogaz, Nancy Faeser, NATO, Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine, Nature (journal), Ned Price, Nord Stream 1, Nord Stream 2, Nord Stream AG, North Sea oil, NRK, Omni (website), P wave, Parts-per notation, Pigging, Piotr Müller, Pipeline, Politico, Polygraph.info, Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Prime Minister of Denmark, Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle, Public Prosecutor General (Germany), Radosław Sikorski, Reuters, Richter scale, Roderich Kiesewetter, Rostock, Royal Danish Defence College, Royal Danish Navy, RTL (German TV channel), RTL Group, Russia, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sabotage, Saint Petersburg, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Security Service of Ukraine, Seismic magnitude scales, Seismology, Seismometer, Sergey Lavrov, Seymour Hersh, Shaped charge, Shipwreck, Simrishamn, Sonar, Source (journalism), Stanisław Żaryn (politician), State capitalism, State Duma, Stevns Peninsula, Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies, Submarine, Substack, Svaneke, Svenska kraftnät, Sveriges Radio, Sveriges Television, Swedish Coast Guard, Swedish Navy, Swedish Police Authority, Swedish Prosecution Authority, Swedish Security Service, SwePol, T-Online, Tagesschau (German TV programme), Teknisk Ukeblad, Territorial waters, The Guardian, The Hill (newspaper), The Intercept, The Left (Germany), The New York Times, The Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Wire (India), TNT equivalent, Tributyltin, TV 2 (Danish TV channel), United Nations Security Council, Unmanned underwater vehicle, Ursula von der Leyen, USS Paul Ignatius, Utklippan, Uzbekistan, Valerii Zaluzhnyi, Vasily Nebenzya, Vietnam War, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Wagnergate, Wiek, Rügen, Yamal–Europe pipeline, Yle, 2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis, 2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion, 2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks, 2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute.

2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage, the Glossary

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