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2024 in paleomammalogy, the Glossary

Index 2024 in paleomammalogy

This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2024, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that are scheduled to occur in the year 2024.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 469 relations: Aceratheriinae, Aceratherium, Acheulean, Acinonyx intermedius, Acinonyx pardinensis, Acrophoca, Aeluroidea, Aetiocetidae, Afrosoricida, Ailuropoda, Alaska, Alcelaphinae, Alcheringa (journal), Allen Formation, Allometry, Alpine long-eared bat, Alzey Formation, Amphicyonidae, Anisodon, Anoiapithecus, Anomalure, Anthracotheriidae, Antilopinae, Apatemyidae, Ape, Aquitanian (stage), Aramis, Ethiopia, Argentina, Arikareean, Asian black bear, Asian mole shrew, Atacama Desert, Aurignacian, Australia, Australopithecus, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Austria, Axis (anatomy), Baculum, Bahía Inglesa Formation, Baishiya Karst Cave, Baltic Sea, Barbourofelis, Bartonian, Basin and Range Province, Bat-eared fox, Bay of Mecklenburg, Bayesian network, Beaked whale, ... Expand index (419 more) »

  2. 2024 in paleontology
  3. Prehistoric mammals

Aceratheriinae

Aceratheriinae is an extinct subfamily of rhinoceros endemic to Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America, from the Oligocene through the Pliocene.

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Aceratherium

Aceratherium (Greek: "without (a) horn" (keratos), "beast" (therion)) is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid of the subfamily Aceratheriinae that lived in Eurasia during the Miocene.

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Acheulean

Acheulean (also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.

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Acinonyx intermedius

Acinonyx intermedius is a fossil species of felid belonging to the cheetah genus Acinonyx.

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Acinonyx pardinensis

Acinonyx pardinensis, sometimes called the Giant cheetah, is an extinct felid species belonging to the genus Acinonyx, closely related to the cheetah, native to Eurasia during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs.

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Acrophoca

Acrophoca longirostris, sometimes called the swan-necked seal, is an extinct genus of Late Miocene pinniped.

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Aeluroidea

Aeluroidea is an extant infraorder of feline-like carnivores that are, or were, endemic to North America, South America, Africa, and Asia.

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Aetiocetidae

Aetiocetidae is an extinct family of toothed baleen whales known from the Oligocene and latest Eocene, so far only from rocks deposited in the North Pacific Ocean.

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Afrosoricida

The clade Afrosoricida (a Latin-Greek compound name which means "looking like African shrews") contains the golden moles of Southern Africa, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar.

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Ailuropoda

Ailuropoda is the only extant genus in the ursid (bear) subfamily Ailuropodinae.

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Alaska

Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America.

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Alcelaphinae

The subfamily Alcelaphinae (or tribe Alcelaphini), of the family Bovidae, contains the wildebeest, tsessebe, topi, hartebeest, blesbok and bontebok, and several other related species.

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Alcheringa (journal)

Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of palaeontology and its ramifications into the Earth and biological sciences, especially the disciplines of taxonomy, biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology, vertebrate palaeontology, palaeobotany, palynology, palaeobiology, palaeoanatomy, palaeoecology, biostratinomy, biogeography, chronobiology, biogeochemistry and palichnology.

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Allen Formation

The Allen Formation is a geological formation in Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian.Salgado et al., 2007 Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press.

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Allometry

Allometry (Ancient Greek "other", "measurement") is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology and behaviour, first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form and by Julian Huxley in 1932.

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Alpine long-eared bat

The Alpine long-eared bat or mountain long-eared bat (Plecotus macrobullaris) is a species of long-eared bat.

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Alzey Formation

The Alzey Formation is a geologic formation in Germany.

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Amphicyonidae

Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia.

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Anisodon

Anisodon (Greek: "unequal" (anisos), "teeth" (odontes)) is an extinct genus of chalicothere that lived in Europe during the late Miocene.

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Anoiapithecus

Anoiapithecus is an extinct ape genus thought to be closely related to Dryopithecus.

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Anomalure

The Anomaluridae are a family of rodents found in central Africa.

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Anthracotheriidae

Anthracotheriidae is a paraphyletic family of extinct, hippopotamus-like artiodactyl ungulates related to hippopotamuses and whales.

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Antilopinae

The antilopines are even-toed ungulates belonging to the subfamily Antilopinae of the family Bovidae.

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Apatemyidae

Apatemyidae is an extinct family of placental mammals that took part in the first placental evolutionary radiation together with other early mammals such as the leptictids.

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Ape

Apes (collectively Hominoidea) are a clade of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and Europe in prehistory), which together with its sister group Cercopithecidae form the catarrhine clade, cladistically making them monkeys.

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Aquitanian (stage)

The Aquitanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic timescale, the oldest age or lowest stage in the Miocene.

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Aramis, Ethiopia

Aramis is a village and archaeological site in north-eastern Ethiopia, where remains of Australopithecus and Ardipithecus (Ardipithecus ramidus) have been found.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Arikareean

The Arikareean North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 30,600,000 to 20,800,000 years BP, a period of.

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Asian black bear

The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Indian black bear, Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle.

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Asian mole shrew

Asian mole shrews (Anourosorex) are a genus of shrews that resemble moles, from China, Taiwan, India, and Indochina.

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Atacama Desert

The Atacama Desert (Desierto de Atacama) is a desert plateau located on the Pacific coast of South America, in the north of Chile.

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Aurignacian

The Aurignacian is an archaeological industry of the Upper Paleolithic associated with Early European modern humans (EEMH) lasting from 43,000 to 26,000 years ago.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

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Australopithecus

Australopithecus is a genus of early hominins that existed in Africa during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.

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Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus afarensis is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived from about 3.9–2.9 million years ago (mya) in the Pliocene of East Africa.

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Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus africanus is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived between about 3.3 and 2.1 million years ago in the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of South Africa.

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Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

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Axis (anatomy)

In anatomy, the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests.

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Baculum

The baculum (bacula), also known as the penis bone, penile bone, os penis, os genitale, or os priapi, is a bone in the penis of many placental mammals.

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Bahía Inglesa Formation

The Bahía Inglesa Formation (alternatively misspelled "Bahia") is a littoral, sedimentary, and highly fossiliferous geological formation that outcrops across the nearby coastal zones of Caldera, Chile.

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Baishiya Karst Cave

Baishiya Karst Cave is a high-altitude paleoanthropological site and a Tibetan Buddhist sanctuary located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in Xiahe County, Gansu, China.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.

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Barbourofelis

Barbourofelis is an extinct genus of large, predatory, feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Barbourofelidae (false saber-tooth cats).

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Bartonian

The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series.

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Basin and Range Province

The Basin and Range Province is a vast physiographic region covering much of the inland Western United States and northwestern Mexico.

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Bat-eared fox

The bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) is a species of fox found on the African savanna.

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Bay of Mecklenburg

The Bay of Mecklenburg (or Mecklenburgische Bucht), also known as the Mecklenburg Bay or Mecklenburg Bight, is a long narrow basin making up the southwestern finger-like arm of the Baltic Sea, between the shores of Germany to the south and the Danish islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn to the north, the shores of Jutland to the west, and joining the largest part of the Baltic to the east.

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Bayesian network

A Bayesian network (also known as a Bayes network, Bayes net, belief network, or decision network) is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph (DAG).

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Beaked whale

Beaked whales (systematic name Ziphiidae) are a family of cetaceans noted as being one of the least-known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat, reclusive behavior and apparent low abundance.

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Bernard Wood (geologist)

Bernard (Bernie) Wood is a British geologist, and professor of mineralogy and senior research fellow at the University of Oxford.

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Bighorn Basin

The Bighorn Basin is a plateau region and intermontane basin, approximately 100 miles (160 km) wide, in north-central Wyoming in the United States.

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Binomial nomenclature

In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.

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Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

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Bison antiquus

Bison antiquus, the antique bison or ancient bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in Late Pleistocene North America until around 10,000 years ago.

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Bison latifrons

Bison latifrons, also known as the giant bison or long-horned bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during the Late Pleistocene epoch ranging from southern Canada to Mexico.

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Bone Valley Formation

The Bone Valley Formation is a geologic formation in Florida.

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Bovidae

The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, yaks, bison, buffalo, antelopes (including goat-antelopes), sheep and goats.

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Brachypotherium

Brachypotherium is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid that lived in Eurasia and Africa during the Miocene.

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Bramiscus

Bramiscus is an extinct genus of giraffid artiodactyl ungulates from the Miocene Chinji and Dhok Pathan formations of Pakistan.

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Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne,; Breizh,; Gallo: Bertaèyn or Bertègn) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Brown hyena

The brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), also called strandwolf, is a species of hyena found in Namibia, Botswana, western and southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique and South Africa.

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Browsing (herbivory)

Browsing is a type of herbivory in which a herbivore (or, more narrowly defined, a folivore) feeds on leaves, soft shoots, or fruits of high-growing, generally woody plants such as shrubs.

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Brule Formation

The Brule Formation was deposited between 33 and 30 million years ago, roughly the Rupelian age (Oligocene).

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Burdigalian

The Burdigalian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or stage in the early Miocene.

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Buronius

Buronius is an extinct genus of hominid from the late Miocene Hammerschmiede clay pit of Bavaria, Germany.

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C3 carbon fixation

carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being c4 and CAM.

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C4 carbon fixation

carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants.

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Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease, also known as pseudogout and pyrophosphate arthropathy, is a rheumatologic disease which is thought to be secondary to abnormal accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within joint soft tissues.

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Calculus (dental)

In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque.

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Calvaria (skull)

The calvaria is the top part of the skull.

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Camacho Formation

The Camacho Formation is a Huayquerian geologic formation in Uruguay.

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Canis arnensis

Canis arnensis, is an extinct species of canine that was endemic to Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene.

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Carodnia

Carodnia is an extinct genus of South American ungulate known from the Early Eocene of Brazil, Argentina, and Peru.

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Cerro Azul Formation

The Cerro Azul Formation (Formación Cerro Azul), also described as Epecuén Formation, is a geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) age in the Colorado Basin of the Buenos Aires and La Pampa Provinces in northeastern Argentina.

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Cerro de los Batallones

Cerro de los Batallones (Hill of the Battalions) is a hill at Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain where a number of fossil sites from the Upper Miocene (MN10) have been found.

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Cetotheriidae

Cetotheriidae is a family of baleen whales (parvorder Mysticeti).

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Cf.

The abbreviation cf. (short for either Latin confer or conferatur, both meaning 'compare') is used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed.

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Chalicotheriinae

Chalicotheriines are one of the two subfamilies of the extinct family Chalicotheriidae, a group of herbivorous, odd-toed ungulate (perissodactyl) mammals that lived from the Eocene to the Pleistocene.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.

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Chilotherium

Chilotherium is an extinct genus of rhinocerotids endemic to Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 mya, existing for approximately.

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Chimpanzee

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Chorrillo Formation

The Chorrillo Formation, also named as Chorillo Formation, is a Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous Epoch, 72.1 - 66 million years ago) geologic formation in southern Patagonia, Argentina.

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Christine Janis

Christine Marie Janis is a British palaeontologist who specialises in mammals.

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Cloggs Cave

Cloggs Cave is a limestone cave and rockshelter with significant Aboriginal archaeological deposits, located on a cliff along the Snowy River gorge near the town of Buchan, Victoria.

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Clovis culture

The Clovis culture is an archaeological culture from the Paleoindian period of North America, spanning around 13,050 to 12,750 years Before Present.

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Coelodonta

Coelodonta (from the Greek κοιλία, koilía and οδούς, odoús, "hollow tooth", in reference to the deep grooves of their molars) is an extinct genus of Eurasian rhinocerotoids from 3.7 million years to 14,000 years ago, in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene epochs.

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Coelodonta thibetana

Coelodonta thibetana, the Tibetan woolly rhinoceros, is an extinct species of the genus Coelodonta native to western Himalayas that lived during the middle Pliocene epoch.

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Collón Curá Formation

The Collón Curá Formation (Formación Collón Curá) is a Middle Miocene fossiliferous geological formation of the southern Neuquén Basin in northwestern Patagonia and the western Cañadón Asfalto Basin of central Patagonia, Argentina.

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Common bottlenose dolphin

The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is one of three species of bottlenose dolphin in the genus Tursiops.

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Common dolphin

The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is the most abundant cetacean in the world, with a global population of about six million.

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Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time.

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Coquenia

Coquenia is an extinct genus of Notoungulate, belonging to the family Leontiniidae.

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Cordilleran ice sheet

The Cordilleran ice sheet was a major ice sheet that periodically covered large parts of North America during glacial periods over the last ~2.6 million years.

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Cova Negra

Cova Negra is an archaeological site near the town of Xàtiva in the Province of Valencia, Spain, with remains that show sporadic and short-term occupation by Neanderthals in the Mousterian period.

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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction, was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth approximately 66 million years ago.

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Crivadiatherium

Crivadiatherium is an extinct genus of Palaeoamasiidae, which fossil remains—teeth and mandible fragments—have been discovered in the Crivadia site in the Hațeg depression, Romania.

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Crouzeliinae

Crouzeliinae is an extinct subfamily of Pliopithecidae primates that inhabited Europe and China during the Miocene, approximately 8–14.5 million years ago - they appear to have originated in Asia and extended their range into Europe between 17 and 13 million years ago.

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Crown group

In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor.

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Damaliscus

Damaliscus, commonly known as damalisks, is a genus of antelope in the family Bovidae, subfamily Alcelaphinae, found in Africa.

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Danian

The Danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem.

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Daru Island

Daru Island is an island in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea.

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Deinotherium

Deinotherium is an extinct genus of large, elephant-like proboscideans that lived from about the middle-Miocene until the early Pleistocene.

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Denver Formation

The Denver Formation is a geological formation that is present within the central part of the Denver Basin that underlies the Denver, Colorado, area.

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Desman

Desmans are diving insectivores of the tribe Desmanini (also considered a subfamily, Desmaninae) in the mole family, Talpidae.

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Desmostylia

The Desmostylia (from Greek δεσμά desma, "bundle", and στῦλος stylos, "pillar") are an extinct order of aquatic mammals native to the North Pacific from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) to the late Miocene (Tortonian).

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Dharragarra

Dharragarra (meaning "platypus" in the Gamilaraay language) is an extinct genus of monotreme mammal from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Griman Creek Formation of Australia.

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Diepkloof Rock Shelter

Diepkloof Rock Shelter is a rock shelter in Western Cape, South Africa in which has been found some of the earliest evidence of the human use of symbols, in the form of patterns engraved upon ostrich eggshell water containers.

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Doedicurus

Doedicurus (Ancient Greek δοῖδυξ "pestle" and oυρά "tail") is an extinct genus of glyptodont from North and South America containing one species, D. clavicaudatus.

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Dorcopsoides

Dorcopsoides is a genus of extinct species of kangaroo from the Pliocene of Australia.

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Down syndrome

Down syndrome (United States) or Down's syndrome (United Kingdom and other English-speaking nations), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.

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Dryolestes

Dryolestes is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammal from the Morrison Formation and the Alcobaça Formation of Portugal.

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Dryolestidae

Dryolestidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic mammals, known from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous of the North Hemisphere.

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Earless seal

The earless seals, phocids, or true seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia.

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Early European Farmers

Early European Farmers (EEF) were a group of the Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) who brought agriculture to Europe and Northwest Africa.

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East African Rift

The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa.

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East Timor

East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-western half, and the minor islands of Atauro and Jaco. The western half of the island of Timor is administered by Indonesia.

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Eastern Desert

The Eastern Desert (known archaically as Arabia or the Arabian Desert) is the part of the Sahara Desert that is located east of the Nile River.

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Ecomorphology

Ecomorphology or ecological morphology is the study of the relationship between the ecological role of an individual and its morphological adaptations.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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El Cien Formation

The El Cien Formation is a geologic formation in eastern Baja California Sur state, Mexico.

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Embrithopoda

Embrithopoda ("heavy-footed") is an order of extinct mammals known from Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe.

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Enamel hypoplasia

Enamel hypoplasia is a defect of the teeth in which the enamel is deficient in quantity, caused by defective enamel matrix formation during enamel development, as a result of inherited and acquired systemic condition(s).

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Encephalization quotient

Encephalization quotient (EQ), encephalization level (EL), or just encephalization is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between observed and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, based on nonlinear regression on a range of reference species.

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Endocast

An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms.

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Eolipotes

Eolipotes is an extinct genus of marine river dolphin of the family Lipotidae.

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Eomyidae

Eomyidae is a family of extinct rodents from North America and Eurasia related to modern day pocket gophers and kangaroo rats.

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Eomysticetidae

Eomysticetidae is a family of extinct mysticetes belonging to Chaeomysticeti (toothless mysticetes).

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Equatorius

Equatorius is an extinct genus of kenyapithecine primate found in central Kenya at the Tugen Hills.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

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Euarchonta

The Euarchonta are a proposed grandorder of mammals: the order Scandentia (treeshrews), and its sister Primatomorpha mirorder, containing the Dermoptera or colugos and the primates (Plesiadapiformes and descendants).

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Euceratherium

The shrub-ox (Euceratherium collinum) is an extinct species of ovibovine caprine native to North America and China during the Pleistocene epoch.

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European badger

The European badger (Meles meles), also known as the Eurasian badger, is a badger species in the family Mustelidae native to Europe and West Asia and parts of Central Asia.

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European fallow deer

The European fallow deer (Dama dama), also known as the common fallow deer or simply fallow deer, is a species of deer native to Eurasia.

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Eutriconodonta

Eutriconodonta is an order of early mammals.

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Feliformia

Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa.

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Felinae

Felinae is a subfamily of the Felidae and comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.

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Flores

Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia.

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Florida

Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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Fort Union Formation

The Fort Union Formation is a geologic unit containing sandstones, shales, and coal beds in Wyoming, Montana, and parts of adjacent states.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Frederick E. Grine

Frederick Edward Grine is an American paleoanthropologist.

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Fucaia

Fucaia is an extinct genus of primitive baleen whale belonging to the family Aetiocetidae that is known from Oligocene and latest Eocene marine deposits on Vancouver Island, Canada, the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, and Oregon.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Gibbon

Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae.

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Gifu Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu.

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Gigantopithecus

Gigantopithecus is an extinct genus of ape that lived in southern China from 2 million to approximately 300,000-200,000 years ago during the Early to Middle Pleistocene, represented by one species, Gigantopithecus blacki.

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Giraffidae

The Giraffidae are a family of ruminant artiodactyl mammals that share a common ancestor with deer and bovids.

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Glyptodon

Glyptodon is a genus of glyptodont, an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos, that lived from the Pliocene, around 3.2 million years ago, to the early Holocene, around 11,000 years ago, in South America.

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Glyptotherium

Glyptotherium (from Greek for 'grooved or carved beast') is a genus of glyptodont (an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos) in the family Chlamyphoridae (a family of South American armadillos) that lived from the Early Pliocene, about 3.6 million years ago, to the Late Pleistocene, around 15,000 years ago.

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Gona, Ethiopia

Gona is a paleoanthropological research area in Ethiopia's Afar Region.

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Gorilla

Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa.

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Gough's Cave

Gough's Cave is located in Cheddar Gorge on the Mendip Hills, in Cheddar, Somerset, England.

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Gravettian

The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP.

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Grazing (behaviour)

Grazing is a method of feeding in which a herbivore feeds on low-growing plants such as grasses or other multicellular organisms, such as algae.

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Great American Interchange

The Great American Biotic Interchange (commonly abbreviated as GABI), also known as the Great American Interchange and the Great American Faunal Interchange, was an important late Cenozoic paleozoogeographic biotic interchange event in which land and freshwater fauna migrated from North America to South America via Central America and vice versa, as the volcanic Isthmus of Panama rose up from the sea floor and bridged the formerly separated continents.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Griman Creek Formation

The Griman Creek Formation is a geological formation in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia whose strata date back to the Albian-Cenomanian stages of the mid-Cretaceous.

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Guild (ecology)

A guild (or ecological guild) is any group of species that exploit the same resources, or that exploit different resources in related ways.

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Gunaikurnai people

The Gunaikurnai or Gunai/Kurnai people, also referred to as the Gunnai or Kurnai, are an Aboriginal Australian nation of south-east Australia.

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Hadrokirus

Hadrokirus is an extinct genus of true seal (Phocidae) that lived on the coast of Peru and North Carolina about 6 million years ago.

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Hagerman horse

Equus simplicidens, sometimes known as the Hagerman horse or the American zebra is an extinct species in the horse family native to North America during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.

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Hagerman Horse Quarry

The Hagerman Horse Quarry is a paleontological site containing the largest concentration of Hagerman horse (Equus simplicidens) fossils yet found.

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Hammerschmiede clay pit

The Hammerschmiede clay pit (German: Tongrube Hammerschmiede) is a fossil bearing locality in Pforzen, Bavaria, Germany most well known for the discovery of Danuvius guggenmosi, the potentially earliest known bipedal ape.

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Hapalops

Hapalops is an extinct genus of ground sloth from the Early to Late Miocene of Brazil (Solimões Formation), Bolivia (Honda Group), Colombia (Honda Group),Croft, 2007, p.300 and Argentina (Santa Cruz Formation) in South America.

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Harbour porpoise

The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is one of eight extant species of porpoise.

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Hare

Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus Lepus.

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Hegetotheriidae

Hegetotheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Oligocene through the Pliocene of South America.

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Herpetotheriidae

Herpetotheriidae is an extinct family of metatherians, closely related to marsupials.

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Heterohyus

Heterohyus is an extinct genus of apatemyid from the early to late Eocene.

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Hip bone

The hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below.

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Hippopotamus

The hippopotamus (hippopotamuses or hippopotami; Hippopotamus amphibius), also shortened to hippo (hippos), further qualified as the common hippopotamus, Nile hippopotamus, or river hippopotamus, is a large semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa.

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Hippopotamus antiquus

Hippopotamus antiquus is an extinct species of the genus Hippopotamus that ranged across Europe during the Early and Middle Pleistocene.

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Histology

Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.

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Hohle Fels

The Hohle Fels (also Hohlefels, Hohler Fels, German for "hollow rock") is a cave in the Swabian Jura of Germany that has yielded a number of important archaeological finds dating from the Upper Paleolithic.

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Holmesina

Holmesina is a genus of pampathere, an extinct group of armadillo-like xenarthrans that were distantly related to extant armadillos.

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Hominidae

The Hominidae, whose members are known as the great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); Gorilla (the eastern and western gorilla); Pan (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and Homo, of which only modern humans (''Homo sapiens'') remain.

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Homo habilis

Homo habilis ('handy man') is an extinct species of archaic human from the Early Pleistocene of East and South Africa about 2.3 million years ago to 1.65 million years ago (mya).

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Homo naledi

Homo naledi is an extinct species of archaic human discovered in 2013 in the Rising Star Cave system, Gauteng province, South Africa (See Cradle of Humankind), dating to the Middle Pleistocene 335,000–236,000 years ago.

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Homotherium

Homotherium is an extinct genus of scimitar-toothed cat belonging to the extinct subfamily Machairodontinae that inhabited North America, South America, Eurasia, and Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs from around 4 million to 12,000 years ago.

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Hugo Zeberg

Hugo Zeberg is a Swedish physician and academic.

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Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

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Human evolutionary genetics

Human evolutionary genetics studies how one human genome differs from another human genome, the evolutionary past that gave rise to the human genome, and its current effects.

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Hutia

Hutias (known in Spanish as jutía) are moderately large cavy-like rodents of the subfamily Capromyinae that inhabit the Caribbean islands.

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Hyrax

Hyraxes (from ancient Greek ''ὕραξ'' (húrax) 'shrew-mouse'), also called '''dassies''', are small, stout, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea.

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Hystrix (mammal)

Hystrix is a genus of porcupines containing most of the Old World porcupines.

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Hystrix primigenia

Hystrix primigenia is an extinct species of Old World porcupine that lived during the Late Miocene and Pliocene.

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Ictitherium

Ictitherium (meaning "weasel beast") is an extinct genus belonging to the family Hyaenidae and the subfamily Ictitheriinae erected by Trouessart in 1897.

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Ictonychinae

Ictonychinae is a subfamily of the mammal family Mustelidae found mainly in the Neotropics (three species) and Africa (three species), with one Eurasian member.

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Idaho

Idaho is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Incakujira

Incakujira (meaning Inca whale) is a genus of rorqual whales that lived during the Late Miocene epoch in what are now the coasts of Peru, about 8 million to 7.3 million years ago.

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Incamys

Incamys is an extinct genus of chinchillid rodent that lived during the Late Oligocene (Deseadan) in what is now South America.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Indohyus

Indohyus (Meaning "India's pig" from the Greek words Indos, "from India" and hûs, "pig") is an extinct genus of digitigrade even-toed ungulates known from Eocene fossils in Asia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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Indotriconodon

Indotriconodon magnus is an extinct mammal from the Late Cretaceous of India.

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Initial Upper Paleolithic

The Initial Upper Paleolithic (also IUP) covers the first stage of the Upper Paleolithic, during which modern human populations expanded throughout Eurasia.

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Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans

Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans occurred during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic.

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Introgression

Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Iranian Plateau

The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.

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Italian Peninsula

The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana), also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula or Italian Boot, is a peninsula extending from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south, which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Jaguar

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Japanese wolf

The Japanese wolf (ニホンオオカミ(日本狼), Nihon ōkami, or 山犬, yamainu; Canis lupus hodophilax), also known as the Honshū wolf, is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf that was once endemic to the islands of Honshū, Shikoku and Kyūshū in the Japanese archipelago.

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Jerboa

Jerboas are hopping desert rodents found throughout North Africa and Asia, and are members of the family Dipodidae.

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Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

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Juan Luis Arsuaga

Juan Luis Arsuaga Ferreras (born 1954 in Madrid) is a Spanish paleoanthropologist and author known for his work in the Atapuerca Archaeological Site.

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Kanapoi

Kanapoi is a paleontological site in the Kenyan Rift Valley, to the southwest of Lake Turkana.

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Karampuang cave

Leang Karampuang, also known as Karampuang cave, is a prehistoric archaeological site within the Maros-Pangkep Karst hills of Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, situated administratively in Samangki Village, Simbang District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

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Karanisia

Karanisia is an extinct genus of strepsirrhine primate from middle Eocene deposits in Egypt.

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Kekenodontidae

Kekenodontidae is an extinct family of non-neocete pelagicetes from the Late Oligocene (Chattian) of New Zealand.

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Kentriodon

Kentriodon is an extinct genus of toothed whale related to modern-day dolphins.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.

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Kilise Tepe

Kilise Tepe is a mound in Mersin Province, Turkey, just west of the Göksu River, lying 20 kilometers from Mut and 145 kilometers from Mersin.

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Kisar

Kisar, also known as Yotowawa, is a small island in the Southwestern Moluccas in Indonesia, located to the northeast of Timor Island.

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Kletno Bear Cave

Kletno Bear Cave (Jaskinia Niedźwiedzia w Kletnie) is the longest cave located in the Śnieżnik Mountains, which are part of the greater Sudeten mountain range.

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Kokoamu Greensand

The Kokoamu Greensand is a geological formation found in New Zealand.

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Konobelodon

Konobelodon is an extinct genus of amebelodont proboscidean from the Miocene of Africa, Eurasia and North America.

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Kromdraai fossil site

Kromdraai (means crooked turn in afrikaans) is a fossil-bearing breccia-filled cave located about east of the well-known South African hominid-bearing site of Sterkfontein and about northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa.

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Laetoli

Laetoli is a pre-historic site located in Enduleni ward of Ngorongoro District in Arusha Region, Tanzania.

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Laili (cave)

Laili is a limestone cave located near the town of Laleia, Manatuto District, East Timor.

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Lake Tana

Lake Tana (T’ana ḥāyik’i; previously Tsana) is the largest lake in Ethiopia and a source of the Blue Nile.

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Lars Werdelin

Lars Werdelin (born 1955) is a Swedish paleontologist specializing in the evolution of mammalian carnivores.

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Last Glacial Maximum

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Last Glacial Coldest Period, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period where ice sheets were at their greatest extent 26,000 and 20,000 years ago.

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Last Interglacial

The Last Interglacial, also known as the Eemian (primarily used in a European context) among other names (including the Sangamonian, Ipswichian, Mikulino, Kaydaky, Valdivia, and Riss-Würm), was the interglacial period which began about 130,000 years ago at the end of the Penultimate Glacial Period and ended about 115,000 years ago at the beginning of the Last Glacial Period.

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Le Regourdou

Le Regourdou (or Le Régourdou) is an archaeological site in the Dordogne department, France, on top of a hill just from the famous cave complex of Lascaux.

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Lemmini

Lemmini is a tribe of lemmings in the subfamily Arvicolinae.

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Leptictis

Leptictis is an extinct genus of leptictid non-placental eutherian mammal known from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene of North America.

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Levallois technique

The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 300,000 years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period.

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Lincoln Creek Formation

The Lincoln Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Washington (state).

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Lipotidae

Lipotidae is a family of river dolphins containing the possibly extinct baiji of China and the fossil genus Parapontoporia from the Late Miocene and Pliocene of the Pacific coast of North America.

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"Little Foot" (Stw 573) is the nickname given to a nearly complete Australopithecus fossil skeleton found in 1994–1998 in the cave system of Sterkfontein, South Africa.

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Liujiang man

The Liujiang man is among the earliest modern humans (Homo sapiens) found in East Asia.

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Llanocetus

Llanocetus ("Llano's whale") is a genus of extinct toothed baleen whales from the Late Eocene of Antarctica.

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Lobodontini

The true seal tribe Lobodontini, collectively known as the Antarctic seals or lobodontin seals, consist of four species of seals in four genera: the crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli), and the Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii).

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Lorisoidea

Lorisoidea is a superfamily of nocturnal primates found throughout Africa and Asia.

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Lufengpithecus

Lufengpithecus is an extinct genus of ape, known from the Late Miocene of East Asia.

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Lynx issiodorensis

Lynx issiodorensis, sometimes called the Issoire lynx, is an extinct species of lynx that inhabited Europe during the late Pliocene to Pleistocene epochs, and may have originated in Africa during the late Pliocene.

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Machairodus

The Knife Tooth Cat (Machairodus) (from μαχαίρα, 'knife' and ὀδούς 'tooth') is a genus of large machairodont or saber-toothed cat that lived in Africa, Eurasia and North America during the late Miocene.

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Macraucheniidae

Macraucheniidae is a family in the extinct South American ungulate order Litopterna, that resembled various camelids.

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Macropodidae

Macropodidae is a family of marsupials that includes kangaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons, quokkas, and several other groups.

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Macropodinae

Macropodinae is a subfamily of marsupials in the family Macropodidae, which includes the kangaroos, wallabies, and related species.

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Macropus

Macropus is a marsupial genus in the family Macropodidae.

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Madelaine Böhme

Madelaine Böhme (born 1967) is a German palaeontologist and professor of palaeoclimatology at the University of Tübingen.

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Magdalenian

The Magdalenian cultures (also Madelenian; French: Magdalénien) are later cultures of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic in western Europe.

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Magericyon

Magericyon is an extinct genus of Amphicyonid ("bear-dog") that lived during the Miocene 10-9 Ma (Vallesian Age) in what is now Spain.

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Magerifelis

Magerifelis is an extinct genus of feline with only one species assigned to it, Magerifelis peignei.

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Maldegem Formation

The Maldegem Formation (Formatie van Maldegem; old name: Kallo Complex) is a geologic formation in the Belgian subsurface.

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Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

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Mammuthus lamarmorai

Mammuthus lamarmorai is a species of dwarf mammoth which lived during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene (between 450,000 and perhaps 40,000 years ago) on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean.

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Maned wolf

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is a large canine of South America.

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Marine Isotope Stage 5

Marine Isotope Stage 5 or MIS 5 is a marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record, between 130,000 and 80,000 years ago.

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Megaladapis

Megaladapis, informally known as the koala lemur, is an extinct genus of lemurs belonging to the family Megaladapidae, consisting of three species that once inhabited the island of Madagascar.

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Megalonyx

Megalonyx (Greek, "great-claw") is an extinct genus of ground sloths of the family Megalonychidae, native to North America.

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Megalotragus

Megalotragus (from Greek mega (μέλα) 'great' and tragos (τράγος) 'goat') was a genus of very large extinct African alcelaphines that occurred from the Pliocene to early Holocene.

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Megantereon

Megantereon is an extinct genus of prehistoric machairodontine saber-toothed cat that lived in North America, Eurasia, and Africa.

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Melka Kunture

Melka Kunture is a Paleolithic site in the upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia.

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Meridiolestida

Meridiolestida is an extinct clade of mammals known from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic of South America and possibly Antarctica.

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Mesaceratherium

Mesaceratherium is an extinct genus of rhinocerotids.

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Mesodma

Mesodma is an extinct genus of mammal, a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta, family Neoplagiaulacidae.

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Mesolithic

The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

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Mesotheriidae

Mesotheriidae ("Middle Beasts") is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Oligocene through the Pleistocene of South America.

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Mesotherium

Mesotherium ("Middle Beast") is an extinct genus of mesotheriid, a long-lasting family of superficially rodent-like, burrowing notoungulates from South America.

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Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

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Metapodials are long bones of the hand (metacarpals) and feet (metatarsals) which connect the digits to the lower leg bones.

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The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes).

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Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals.

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Middle Paleolithic

The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Middle Stone Age

The Middle Stone Age (or MSA) was a period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Late Stone Age.

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Minnaar's Cave

Minnaar's Cave, or simply Minnaar, is a palaeontological site located in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, Gauteng province, South Africa.

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Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

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Miohippus

Miohippus (meaning "small horse") is an extinct genus of horse existing longer than most Equidae.

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Molar (tooth)

The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth.

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Moldova

Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, on the northeastern corner of the Balkans.

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Monachinae

Monachinae (known colloquially as "Southern seals") is a subfamily of Phocidae whose distribution is found in the tropical, temperate and polar regions of the southern hemisphere, though in the distant past fossil representatives have been found on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Morocco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Morrison Formation

The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.

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Mount Wilhelm

Mount Wilhelm (Wilhelmsberg) is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea at.

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Mustelidae

The Mustelidae (from Latin, weasel) are a diverse family of carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines.

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Nacholapithecus

Nacholapithecus kerioi was an ape that lived 14-15 million years ago during the Middle Miocene.

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

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Neobrachytherium

Neobrachytherium is an extinct genus of proterotheriid mammal from the Late Miocene of Argentina and Uruguay.

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Neolicaphrium

Neolicaphrium is an extinct genus of ungulate mammal belonging to the extinct order Litopterna. This animal lived from the Late Pliocene (Chapadmalalan) to the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) in southern South America, being the last survivor of the family Proterotheriidae.

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Neosclerocalyptus

Neosclerocalyptus was an extinct genus of glyptodont that lived during the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene of Southern South America, mostly Argentina.

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New Caledonia

New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a ''sui generis'' collectivity of overseas France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia, and from Metropolitan France.

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Nicholas Pyenson

Nicholas Pyenson is a paleontologist and the curator of fossil marine mammals at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC.

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Nimravidae

Nimravidae is an extinct family of carnivorans, sometimes known as false saber-toothed cats, whose fossils are found in North America and Eurasia.

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Nomen dubium

In binomial nomenclature, a nomen dubium (Latin for "doubtful name", plural nomina dubia) is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.

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North American porcupine

The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), also known as the Canadian porcupine, is a large quill-covered rodent in the New World porcupine family.

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Nothrotherium

Nothrotherium is an extinct genus of medium-sized ground sloth from South America (Bolivia, Brazil and the Ware Formation, La Guajira, Colombia).

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Notiomastodon

Notiomastodon is an extinct genus of gomphothere proboscidean (related to modern elephants), endemic to South America from the Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene.

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Numidocapra

Numidocapra is an extinct genus of bovid from the Pleistocene of Africa.

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Ocelot

The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is a medium-sized spotted wild cat that reaches at the shoulders and weighs between on average.

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Old World monkey

Old World monkeys are primates in the family Cercopithecidae.

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Oldowan

The Oldowan (or Mode I) was a widespread stone tool archaeological industry (style) in prehistory.

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Omomyidae

Omomyidae is a group of early primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about (mya).

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Ontogeny

Ontogeny (also ontogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism (both physical and psychological, e.g., moral development), usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to adult.

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Onychonycteris

Onychonycteris is the more primitive of the three oldest bats known from complete skeletons, having lived in the area that is current day Wyoming during the Eocene period, 52.5 million years ago.

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Opalios

Opalios (meaning "opal") is an extinct genus of monotreme mammal from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Griman Creek Formation of Australia.

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Orangutan

Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia.

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Orellan

The Orellan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), 34-32 million years ago.

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Oreopithecus

Oreopithecus (from the Greek ὄρος, and πίθηκος,, meaning "hill-ape") is an extinct genus of hominoid primate from the Miocene epoch whose fossils have been found in today's Tuscany and Sardinia in Italy.

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Osteoderm

Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis.

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Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone.

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Pachyarmatherium

Pachyarmatherium is a genus of extinct large armadillo-like cingulates found in North and South America from the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, related to the extant armadillos and the extinct pampatheres and glyptodonts.

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Pachycetus

Pachycetus (meaning "thick whale") is an extinct genus of pachycetine basilosaurid from Middle Eocene of the eastern United States (North Carolina & Virginia) and Europe (chiefly Germany and Ukraine).

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Pachycrocuta

Pachycrocuta is an extinct genus of prehistoric hyenas. The largest and most well-researched species is Pachycrocuta brevirostris, colloquially known as the giant short-faced hyena as it stood about at the shoulder and it is estimated to have averaged in weight, approaching the size of a lioness, making it the largest known hyena.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

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Palaeogiraffa

Palaeogiraffa is an extinct genus of giraffidae.

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Palaeoloxodon

Palaeoloxodon is an extinct genus of elephant.

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Palaeotragus

Palaeotragus ("ancient goat") is a genus of very large, primitive, okapi-like giraffids from the Miocene to Early Pleistocene of Africa and Eurasia.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

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Paleontology

Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Pampatherium

Pampatherium is an extinct genus of xenarthran that lived in the Americas during the Pleistocene.

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Panochthus

Panochthus is an extinct genus of glyptodont, which lived in the Gran Chaco-Pampean region of Argentina (Lujan, Yupoí and Agua Blanca Formations), Brazil (Jandaíra Formation), Bolivia (Tarija and Ñuapua Formations), Paraguay and Uruguay (Sopas and Dolores Formations) during the Pleistocene epoch.

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Papionini

Papionini is a tribe of Old World monkeys that includes several large monkey species, which include the macaques of North Africa and Asia, as well as the baboons, geladas, mangabeys, kipunji, drills, and mandrills, which are essentially from sub-Saharan Africa (although some baboons also occur in southern Arabia).

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Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).

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Parachleuastochoerus

Parachleuastochoerus was an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene in Europe.

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Paranthropus aethiopicus

Paranthropus aethiopicus is an extinct species of robust australopithecine from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.7–2.3 million years ago.

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Paranthropus robustus

Paranthropus robustus is a species of robust australopithecine from the Early and possibly Middle Pleistocene of the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, about 2.27 to 0.87 (or, more conservatively, 2 to 1) million years ago.

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Parapontoporia

Parapontoporia is an extinct genus of dolphin that lived off the Pacific coast of North America from the Late Miocene until the genus' extinction during the Pliocene.

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Paromomyidae

Paromomyidae is a family of mammals that may include the earliest primates, or taxa closely related to them.

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Parvopalus

Parvopalus (meaning "small opal") is an extinct genus of monotreme mammal from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Griman Creek Formation of Australia.

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Patagomaia

Patagomaia is an extinct therian mammal from the Maastrichtian Chorrillo Formation of Argentina.

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Paucituberculata

Paucituberculata is an order of South American marsupials.

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Pebanista

Pebanista is an extinct genus of platanistid "river dolphin" that lived during the Early to Middle Miocene in Peru.

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Pebas Formation

The Pebas Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit of Miocene age, found in western Amazonia.

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Peradectes

Peradectes is an extinct genus of small metatherian mammals known from the latest CretaceousKorth, W. W. (2008).

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Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.

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Periptychidae

Periptychidae is a family of Cretaceous-Paleocene placental mammals, known definitively only from North America.

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Persian fallow deer

The Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) is a deer species once native to all of the Middle East, but currently only living in Iran and Israel.

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Peru

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.

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Perucetus

Perucetus is an extinct genus of an early whale from Peru that lived during the Bartonian age of the middle Eocene.

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Petroglyph

A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art.

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Phalanx bone

The phalanges (phalanx) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates.

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Pisco Formation

The Pisco Formation is a geologic formation located in Peru, on the southern coastal desert of Ica and Arequipa.

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Plesiaceratherium

Plesiaceratherium is an extinct genus of rhinocerotids.

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Plesiadapiformes

Plesiadapiformes ("Adapid-like" or "near Adapiformes") is an extinct basal pan-primates group, as sister to the rest of the pan-primates.

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Pliobates

Pliobates cataloniae is a primate from 11.6 million years ago, during the Iberian Miocene.

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Pliopithecoidea

Pliopithecoidea is an extinct superfamily of catarrhine primates that inhabited Asia and Europe during the Miocene.

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Pliorhinus

Pliorhinus is an extinct genus of rhinoceros known from the Late Miocene and Pliocene of Eurasia.

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PLOS One

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polydolopimorphia

Polydolopimorphia is an extinct order of metatherians, closely related to extant marsupials.

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Population bottleneck

A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human activities such as genocide, speciocide, widespread violence or intentional culling.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Preboreal

The Preboreal is an informal stage of the Holocene epoch.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull.

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Prehensile-tailed porcupine

The prehensile-tailed porcupines or coendous (genus Coendou) are found in Central and South America.

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Premolar

The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth.

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Prepared-core technique

The prepared-core technique is a means of producing stone tools by first preparing common stone cores into shapes that lend themselves to knapping off flakes that closely resemble the desired tool and require only minor touch-ups to be usable.

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Pristifelis

Pristifelis is an extinct genus of feline from the late Miocene.

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Procoptodon

Procoptodon is an extinct genus of giant short-faced (sthenurine) kangaroos that lived in Australia during the Pleistocene Epoch.

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Prolagus

Prolagus is an extinct genus of lagomorph.

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Protaceratherium

Protaceratherium is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid from the Oligocene and Miocene of Eurasia.

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Protemnodon

Protemnodon is an extinct genus of megafaunal macropodids that existed in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

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Proterotheriidae

Proterotheriidae is an extinct family of litoptern ungulates known from the Eocene-Late Pleistocene of South America.

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Protictitherium

Protictitherium (gr. first striking beast) is an extinct genus of hyena that lived across Europe and Asia during the Middle and Late Miocene, it is often considered to be the first hyena since it contains some of the oldest fossils of the family.

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Protosiren

Protosiren is an extinct early genus of the order Sirenia.

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Purgatoriidae

Purgatoriidae is a basal plesiadapiform family that includes, Purgatorius and Ursolestes.

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Purisima Formation

The Purisima Formation is a geologic formation in California.

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Quaternary

The Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

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Quercy Phosphorites Formation

The Quercy Phosphorites Formation (French: Phosphorites du Quercy) is a geologic formation and lagerstätte in Occitanie, southern France.

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Raymond Dart

Raymond Arthur Dart (4 February 1893 – 22 November 1988) was an Australian anatomist and anthropologist, best known for his involvement in the 1924 discovery of the first fossil found of Australopithecus africanus, an extinct hominin closely related to humans, at Taung in the North of South Africa in the Northwest province.

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Refugium (population biology)

In biology, a refugium (plural: refugia) is a location which supports an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species.

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Regression analysis

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', 'explanatory variables' or 'features').

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Rhinocerotoidea

Rhinocerotoidea is a superfamily of perissodactyls that appeared 56 million years ago in the Paleocene.

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Rising Star Cave

The Rising Star cave system (also known as Westminster or Empire cave) is located in the Malmani dolomites, in Bloubank River valley, about southwest of Swartkrans, part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa.

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River dolphin

River dolphins are a polyphyletic group of fully aquatic mammals that reside exclusively in freshwater or brackish water.

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Robert Foley (academic)

Robert Andrew Foley, FBA (born 18 March 1953) is a British anthropologist, archaeologist, and academic, specialising in human evolution.

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Robin Crompton

Robin Huw Crompton (born December 1951) is professor of musculoskeletal biology at the University of Liverpool in the Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease.

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Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Rorqual

Rorquals are the largest group of baleen whales, comprising the family Balaenopteridae, which contains nine extant species in two genera.

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Rusingoryx

Rusingoryx is a genus of extinct alcelaphine bovid artiodactyl closely related to the wildebeest.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russian Far East

The Russian Far East (p) is a region in North Asia.

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Sahelanthropus

Sahelanthropus is an extinct genus of hominid dated to about during the Late Miocene.

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Sahul

Sahul, also called Sahul-land, Meganesia, Papualand and Greater Australia, was a paleocontinent that encompassed the modern-day landmasses of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands.

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Sakha Republic

Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is the largest republic of Russia, located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of one million.

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São Paulo (state)

São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.

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Schöningen spears

The Schöningen spears are a set of ten wooden weapons from the Palaeolithic Age that were excavated between 1994 and 1999 from the 'Spear Horizon' in the open-cast lignite mine in Schöningen, Helmstedt district, Germany.

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Schizotheriinae

Schizotheriines are one of the two subfamilies of the extinct family Chalicotheriidae, a group of herbivorous odd-toed ungulate (perissodactyl) mammals that lived from the Eocene to the Pleistocene.

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.

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Side-striped jackal

The side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta) is a canine native to central and southern Africa.

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Simosthenurus

Simosthenurus, also referred to as the short-faced kangaroo, is an extinct genus of megafaunal macropods that existed in Australia, specifically Tasmania, during the Pleistocene.

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Sister group

In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.

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Sivapanthera

Sivapanthera is a prehistoric genus of felid described by Kretzoi in 1929.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

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Smilodon

Smilodon is a genus of felids belonging to the extinct subfamily Machairodontinae.

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Solenodon

Solenodons (from σωλήν, 'channel' or 'pipe' and ὀδούς, 'tooth') are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Asian river dolphin

South Asian river dolphins are toothed whales in the genus Platanista, which inhabit the waterways of the Indian subcontinent.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Stegodon

Stegodon ("roofed tooth" from the Ancient Greek words,, 'to cover', +,, 'tooth' because of the distinctive ridges on the animal's molars) is an extinct genus of proboscidean, related to elephants.

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Sterkfontein

Sterkfontein (Afrikaans for Strong Spring) is a set of limestone caves of special interest in paleoanthropology located in Gauteng province, about northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa in the Muldersdrift area close to the town of Krugersdorp.

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Sthenurinae

Sthenurinae (from Sthenurus, Greek for 'strong-tailed') is a subfamily within the marsupial family Macropodidae, known as short-faced kangaroos or sthenurine kangaroos.

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Sthenurus

Sthenurus ("strong tail") is an extinct genus of kangaroos.

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Straight-tusked elephant

The straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) is an extinct species of elephant that inhabited Europe and Western Asia during the Middle and Late Pleistocene (781,000–30,000 years Before Present).

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Strepsirrhini

Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos ("bushbabies") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia.

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Suidae

Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs, or swine.

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Suinae

Suinae is a subfamily of artiodactyl mammals that includes several of the extant members of Suidae and their closest relatives – the domestic pig and related species, such as babirusas.

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Sulawesi

Sulawesi, also known as Celebes, is an island in Indonesia.

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Sus (genus)

Sus is the genus of wild and domestic pigs, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.

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Svante Pääbo

Svante Pääbo (born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate who specialises in the field of evolutionary genetics.

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Swan Point Archaeological Site

The Swan Point Archeological Site is located in eastern central Alaska, in the Tanana River watershed.

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Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

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Symmetrodonta

Symmetrodonta is a group of Mesozoic mammals and mammal-like synapsids characterized by the triangular aspect of the molars when viewed from above, and the absence of a well-developed talonid.

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Syncerus acoelotus

Syncerus acoelotus is an extinct species of bovid closely related to the Cape buffalo.

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Synonym (taxonomy)

The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.

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Taforalt

Taforalt, or Grotte des Pigeons, is a cave in the province of Berkane, Aït Iznasen region, Morocco, possibly the oldest cemetery in North Africa.

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Tail

The tail is the section at the rear end of certain kinds of animals' bodies; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Tanimbar Islands

The Tanimbar Islands, also called Timur Laut, are a group of about 65 islands in the Maluku province of Indonesia.

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

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Tarsus (skeleton)

In the human body, the tarsus (tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus.

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Taung Child

The Taung Child (or Taung Baby) is the fossilised skull of a young Australopithecus africanus.

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Taxon

In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy;: taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.

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Téviec

Téviec or Théviec is an island situated to the west of the isthmus of the peninsula of Quiberon, near Saint-Pierre-Quiberon in Brittany, France.

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Tetraconodontinae

Tetraconodontinae is an extinct subfamily of the pig family (Suidae).

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

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Theria

Theria is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes.

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Theropoda

Theropoda (from ancient Greek whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores.

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Thylacoleo

Thylacoleo ("pouch lion") is an extinct genus of carnivorous marsupials that lived in Australia from the late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene (until around 40,000 years ago), often known as marsupial lions.

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Thylacosmilus

Thylacosmilus is an extinct genus of saber-toothed metatherian mammals that inhabited South America from the Late Miocene to Pliocene epochs.

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Tikitherium

Tikitherium is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms from India, known from a single upper tooth.

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Tooth decay

Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries,The word 'caries' is a mass noun, and is not a plural of 'carie'. is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria.

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Torrejonian

The Torrejonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 63,300,000 to 60,200,000 years BP lasting.

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Tortonian

The Tortonian is in the geologic time scale an age or stage of the late Miocene that spans the time between.

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Toxodon

Toxodon (meaning "bow tooth" in reference to the curvature of the teeth) is an extinct genus of large ungulate native to South America from the Late Miocene to early Holocene epochs (Mayoan to Lujanian in the SALMA classification) (about 11.6 million to 11,000 years ago).

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Toxodontidae

Toxodontidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals, known from the Oligocene to the Holocene (11,000 BP) of South America, with one genus, Mixotoxodon, also known from the Pleistocene of Central America and southern North America (as far north as Texas).

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Tucumán Province

Tucumán is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Turolian

The Turolian age is a period of geologic time (9.0–5.3 Ma) within the Miocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages.

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Type (biology)

In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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Upper Paleolithic

The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.

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Valenictus

Valenictus is an extinct genus of Odobenidae from the Pliocene of California.

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Vallesian

The Vallesian age is a period of geologic time (11.6–9.0 Ma) within the Miocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

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Versoporcus

Versoporcus was an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene in Europe.

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Villafranchian

Villafranchian age is a period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma) spanning the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages.

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Wallacea

Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves.

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Western Steppe Herders

In archaeogenetics, the term Western Steppe Herders (WSH), or Western Steppe Pastoralists, is the name given to a distinct ancestral component first identified in individuals from the Chalcolithic steppe around the turn of the 5th millennium BC, subsequently detected in several genetically similar or directly related ancient populations including the Khvalynsk, Repin, Sredny Stog, and Yamnaya cultures, and found in substantial levels in contemporary European, Central Asian, South Asian and West Asian populations.

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Whitneyan

The Whitneyan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 33,300,000 to 30,800,000 years BP, a period of.

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Willwood Formation

The Willwood Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during the late Paleocene to early Eocene, or Clarkforkian, Wasatchian and Bridgerian in the NALMA classification.

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Woolly mammoth

The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) is an extinct species of mammoth that lived from the Middle Pleistocene until its extinction in the Holocene epoch.

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Woolly rhinoceros

The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is an extinct species of rhinoceros that inhabited northern Eurasia during the Pleistocene epoch.

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Wrangel Island

Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya,; translit, IPA:, "island of polar bears") is an island of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Xenungulata

Xenungulata ("strange ungulates") is an order of extinct and primitive South American hoofed mammals that lived from the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene (Itaboraian to Casamayoran in the SALMA classification).

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Xiaochangliang

Xiaochangliang is the site of some of the earliest paleolithic remains in East Asia, located in the Nihewan (泥河灣) Basin in Yangyuan County, Hebei, China, most famous for the stone tools discovered there.

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Xujiayao

Xujiayao, located in the Nihewan Basin in China, is an early Late Pleistocene paleoanthropological site famous for its archaic hominin fossils.

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Yixian Formation

The Yixian Formation (formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous.

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Younger Dryas

The Younger Dryas (YD) was a period in Earth's geologic history that occurred circa 12,900 to 11,700 years Before Present (BP).

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Zalambdalestes

Zalambdalestes (meaning much-like-lambda robber) is an extinct genus of eutherian mammal known from the Upper Cretaceous in Mongolia.

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Zhe-Xi Luo

Zhe-Xi Luo (Chinese 骆泽喜; pinyin: Luò Zéxǐ) is an American paleontologist of Chinese origin, specializing in vertebrate paleontology, particularly mammal evolution, morphology, and systematics.

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Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (周口店北京人遗址), also romanized as Choukoutien, is a cave system in suburban Fangshan District, Beijing.

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Zokor

Zokors are Asiatic burrowing rodents resembling mole-rats.

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Zygomaturus

Zygomaturus is an extinct genus of giant marsupial belonging to the family Diprotodontidae which inhabited Australia from the Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene.

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See also

2024 in paleontology

Prehistoric mammals

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_paleomammalogy

Also known as 2024 in mammal paleontology.

, Bernard Wood (geologist), Bighorn Basin, Binomial nomenclature, Biogeography, Bison antiquus, Bison latifrons, Bone Valley Formation, Bovidae, Brachypotherium, Bramiscus, Brazil, Brittany, Brown hyena, Browsing (herbivory), Brule Formation, Burdigalian, Buronius, C3 carbon fixation, C4 carbon fixation, Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease, Calculus (dental), Calvaria (skull), Camacho Formation, Canis arnensis, Carodnia, Cerro Azul Formation, Cerro de los Batallones, Cetotheriidae, Cf., Chalicotheriinae, Chile, Chilotherium, Chimpanzee, China, Chorrillo Formation, Christine Janis, Cloggs Cave, Clovis culture, Coelodonta, Coelodonta thibetana, Collón Curá Formation, Common bottlenose dolphin, Common dolphin, Convergent evolution, Coquenia, Cordilleran ice sheet, Cova Negra, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crivadiatherium, Crouzeliinae, Crown group, Damaliscus, Danian, Daru Island, Deinotherium, Denver Formation, Desman, Desmostylia, Dharragarra, Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Doedicurus, Dorcopsoides, Down syndrome, Dryolestes, Dryolestidae, Earless seal, Early European Farmers, East African Rift, East Timor, Eastern Desert, Ecomorphology, Egypt, El Cien Formation, Embrithopoda, Enamel hypoplasia, Encephalization quotient, Endocast, Eolipotes, Eomyidae, Eomysticetidae, Equatorius, Ethiopia, Euarchonta, Euceratherium, European badger, European fallow deer, Eutriconodonta, Feliformia, Felinae, Flores, Florida, Fort Union Formation, Fossil, France, Frederick E. Grine, Fucaia, Germany, Gibbon, Gifu Prefecture, Gigantopithecus, Giraffidae, Glyptodon, Glyptotherium, Gona, Ethiopia, Gorilla, Gough's Cave, Gravettian, Grazing (behaviour), Great American Interchange, Greece, Griman Creek Formation, Guild (ecology), Gunaikurnai people, Hadrokirus, Hagerman horse, Hagerman Horse Quarry, Hammerschmiede clay pit, Hapalops, Harbour porpoise, Hare, Hegetotheriidae, Herpetotheriidae, Heterohyus, Hip bone, Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus antiquus, Histology, Hohle Fels, Holmesina, Hominidae, Homo habilis, Homo naledi, Homotherium, Hugo Zeberg, Human, Human evolutionary genetics, Hutia, Hyrax, Hystrix (mammal), Hystrix primigenia, Ictitherium, Ictonychinae, Idaho, Incakujira, Incamys, India, Indohyus, Indonesia, Indotriconodon, Initial Upper Paleolithic, Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans, Introgression, Iran, Iranian Plateau, Italian Peninsula, Italy, Jaguar, Japan, Japanese wolf, Jerboa, Jordan, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Kanapoi, Karampuang cave, Karanisia, Kekenodontidae, Kentriodon, Kenya, Kilise Tepe, Kisar, Kletno Bear Cave, Kokoamu Greensand, Konobelodon, Kromdraai fossil site, Laetoli, Laili (cave), Lake Tana, Lars Werdelin, Last Glacial Maximum, Last Interglacial, Le Regourdou, Lemmini, Leptictis, Levallois technique, Lincoln Creek Formation, Lipotidae, Little Foot, Liujiang man, Llanocetus, Lobodontini, Lorisoidea, Lufengpithecus, Lynx issiodorensis, Machairodus, Macraucheniidae, Macropodidae, Macropodinae, Macropus, Madelaine Böhme, Magdalenian, Magericyon, Magerifelis, Maldegem Formation, Mammal, Mammuthus lamarmorai, Maned wolf, Marine Isotope Stage 5, Megaladapis, Megalonyx, Megalotragus, Megantereon, Melka Kunture, Meridiolestida, Mesaceratherium, Mesodma, Mesolithic, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium, Mesozoic, Metapodial, Metatarsal bones, Metatheria, Middle Paleolithic, Middle Stone Age, Minnaar's Cave, Miocene, Miohippus, Molar (tooth), Moldova, Monachinae, Morocco, Morrison Formation, Mount Wilhelm, Mustelidae, Nacholapithecus, Namibia, Neobrachytherium, Neolicaphrium, Neosclerocalyptus, New Caledonia, Nicholas Pyenson, Nimravidae, Nomen dubium, North American porcupine, Nothrotherium, Notiomastodon, Numidocapra, Ocelot, Old World monkey, Oldowan, Omomyidae, Ontogeny, Onychonycteris, Opalios, Orangutan, Orellan, Oreopithecus, Osteoderm, Osteomyelitis, Pachyarmatherium, Pachycetus, Pachycrocuta, Pakistan, Palaeogiraffa, Palaeoloxodon, Palaeotragus, Paleolithic, Paleontology, Pampatherium, Panochthus, Papionini, Papua New Guinea, Parachleuastochoerus, Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus robustus, Parapontoporia, Paromomyidae, Parvopalus, Patagomaia, Paucituberculata, Pebanista, Pebas Formation, Peradectes, Periodontal disease, Periptychidae, Persian fallow deer, Peru, Perucetus, Petroglyph, Phalanx bone, Pisco Formation, Plesiaceratherium, Plesiadapiformes, Pliobates, Pliopithecoidea, Pliorhinus, PLOS One, Poland, Polydolopimorphia, Population bottleneck, Portugal, Preboreal, Precipitation, Prehensile-tailed porcupine, Premolar, Prepared-core technique, Pristifelis, Procoptodon, Prolagus, Protaceratherium, Protemnodon, Proterotheriidae, Protictitherium, Protosiren, Purgatoriidae, Purisima Formation, Quaternary, Quercy Phosphorites Formation, Raymond Dart, Refugium (population biology), Regression analysis, Rhinocerotoidea, Rising Star Cave, River dolphin, Robert Foley (academic), Robin Crompton, Rocky Mountains, Romania, Rorqual, Rusingoryx, Russia, Russian Far East, Sahelanthropus, Sahul, Sakha Republic, São Paulo (state), Schöningen spears, Schizotheriinae, Serbia, Sexual dimorphism, Side-striped jackal, Simosthenurus, Sister group, Sivapanthera, Slovenia, Smilodon, Solenodon, South Africa, South Asian river dolphin, Spain, Stegodon, Sterkfontein, Sthenurinae, Sthenurus, Straight-tusked elephant, Strepsirrhini, Suidae, Suinae, Sulawesi, Sus (genus), Svante Pääbo, Swan Point Archaeological Site, Sweden, Symmetrodonta, Syncerus acoelotus, Synonym (taxonomy), Taforalt, Tail, Taiwan, Tanimbar Islands, Tanzania, Tarsus (skeleton), Taung Child, Taxon, Téviec, Tetraconodontinae, Texas, Thailand, Theria, Theropoda, Thylacoleo, Thylacosmilus, Tikitherium, Tooth decay, Torrejonian, Tortonian, Toxodon, Toxodontidae, Tucumán Province, Turkey, Turolian, Type (biology), Ukraine, United States, Upper Paleolithic, Uruguay, Valenictus, Vallesian, Venezuela, Versoporcus, Villafranchian, Wallacea, Western Steppe Herders, Whitneyan, Willwood Formation, Woolly mammoth, Woolly rhinoceros, Wrangel Island, Wyoming, Xenungulata, Xiaochangliang, Xujiayao, Yixian Formation, Younger Dryas, Zalambdalestes, Zhe-Xi Luo, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Zokor, Zygomaturus.