Abkhazia, the Glossary
Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.[1]
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384 relations: Abasgia, Abasgoi, Abazins, Abkhaz alphabet, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Abkhaz language, Abkhaz traditional religion, Abkhazia, Abkhazia conflict, Abkhazia operation, Abkhazia–Vanuatu relations, Abkhazian Air Force, Abkhazian apsar, Abkhazian Letter, Abkhazian Orthodox Church, Abkhazian Premier League, Abkhazian State University, Abkhazians, Administrative divisions of Georgia (country), Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces, Aiaaira, Aidgylara, Al Jazeera Arabic, Alexander Ankvab, Anri Jergenia, Apsilae, Apsnypress, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian language, Armenians, Armenians in Abkhazia, Arrian, Aslan Bzhania, Aslan-Bey Sharvashidze, Association football, Astana, Atheism, Australian Government, Autonomy, Bagrat III of Georgia, Bagrat Shinkuba, Ban Ki-moon, Battle of Gagra, BBC, BBC News, Beech, Belarus, Belarusians, Bessas (magister militum), Black Sea, ... Expand index (334 more) »
- Autonomous republics of Georgia (country)
- Caucasus
- Post-Soviet states
- Separatism in Georgia (country)
- South Caucasus
- States with limited recognition
- West Asia
- West Asian countries
Abasgia
Abasgia (Αβασγοί, Abasgoi, and Ἁβασκοί, Abaskoi; Avasgia, Abasgia; აბაზგეთი, Abazgeti) was a medieval principality in the Kingdom of Lazica.
Abasgoi
The Abasgoi or Abasgians (Αβασγοί, Abasgoi, and Ἁβασκοί, Abaskoi; Abasci, Abasgi; აბაზგები, Abazgebi; compare Abkhaz Абазаа "the Abaza people") were one of the ancient tribes inhabiting western region of Abkhazia, who originally inhabited lands north of Apsilae, corresponding to today's Ochamchira District.
Abazins
The Abazin, Abazinians or Abaza (Abaza and Abkhaz: Абаза; Circassian: Абазэхэр; Абазины; Abazalar; أباظة) are an ethnic group of the Northwest Caucasus, closely related to the Abkhaz and Circassian peoples.
Abkhaz alphabet
The Abkhaz alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet used for the Abkhaz language.
See Abkhazia and Abkhaz alphabet
The Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Abkhaz ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Georgian SSR.
See Abkhazia and Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Abkhaz language
Abkhaz, also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza.
See Abkhazia and Abkhaz language
Abkhaz traditional religion
Abkhaz neopaganism, or the Abkhaz native religion, is the contemporary re-emergence of the ethnic religion of the Abkhaz people in unrecognized Abkhazia, a revitalisation which started in the 1980s.
See Abkhazia and Abkhaz traditional religion
Abkhazia
Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Abkhazia and Abkhazia are autonomous republics of Georgia (country), Caucasus, historical regions of Georgia (country), post-Soviet states, separatism in Georgia (country), south Caucasus, states with limited recognition, west Asia and west Asian countries.
Abkhazia conflict
The Abkhazia conflict is a territorial dispute over Abkhazia, a region on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in the South Caucasus, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazia conflict
Abkhazia operation
The Abkhazia operation was the military operation employed by the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazia operation
Abkhazia–Vanuatu relations
Abkhazia and Vanuatu established relations when Vanuatu recognised Abkhazia's independence on 23 May 2011.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazia–Vanuatu relations
Abkhazian Air Force
The Abkhazian Air Force is a small air force, which is a part of the Abkhazian Armed Forces, operating from Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazian Air Force
Abkhazian apsar
The apsar (āpsār) is a currency of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazian apsar
Abkhazian Letter
The Abkhazian Letter was an 87-page document signed by 60 important representatives of the Abkhaz intelligentsia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazian Letter
Abkhazian Orthodox Church
The Abkhazian Orthodox Church (Apsnə Ajašaxac̣araṭ° awax°ama, Abkhazskaya Pravoslavnaya tserkov') is an Eastern Orthodox church outside the official Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical hierarchy.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazian Orthodox Church
Abkhazian Premier League
The Abkhazian Premier League is the top association football league in Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazian Premier League
Abkhazian State University
The Abkhazian State University is the only university in Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Abkhazian State University
Abkhazians
The Abkhazians or Abkhazes are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea.
Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)
The subdivisions of Georgia are autonomous republics (ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა, avt’onomiuri resp’ublik’a), regions (მხარე, mkhare), and municipalities (მუნიციპალიტეტი, munitsip’alit’et’i).
See Abkhazia and Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)
Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces
The Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces was signed by parties to the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict in Moscow on 14 May 1994.
See Abkhazia and Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces
Aiaaira
"" (Аиааира; "Victory") is the national anthem of the partially recognized state of Abkhazia.
Aidgylara
The National Forum Aidgylara (Аидгылара, Unity) is a socio-political movement in Abkhazia.
Al Jazeera Arabic
Al Jazeera Arabic (الجزيرة) is a Qatari state-owned Arabic-language news television network.
See Abkhazia and Al Jazeera Arabic
Alexander Ankvab
Aleksandr Zolotinskovich Ankvab (translit; tr; Алекса́ндр Золоти́нскович Анква́б; born 26 December 1952) is an Abkhaz politician and businessman who was the president of Abkhazia from 29 May 2011 until his resignation on 1 June 2014.
See Abkhazia and Alexander Ankvab
Anri Jergenia
Anri Mikhail-ipa Jergenia (Анри Михаил-иҧа Џьергьениа; 8 August 1942 – 5 January 2020) had been one of the leading politicians of the internationally unrecognised Republic of Abkhazia since it achieved de facto independence from Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Anri Jergenia
Apsilae
The Apsilae or Apsili were an ancient tribe inhabiting the territory of Apsilia, in modern Abkhazia.
Apsnypress
Apsnypress is the de facto state press agency of Abkhazia.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Abkhazia and Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family.
See Abkhazia and Armenian language
Armenians
Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.
Armenians in Abkhazia
The Armenians in Abkhazia form the second largest ethnic group in Abkhazia after the native Abkhazians.
See Abkhazia and Armenians in Abkhazia
Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Lucius Flavius Arrianus) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.
Aslan Bzhania
Aslan Georgievich Bzhania (translit; tr; Аслан Георгиевич Бжания; born 6 April 1964) is an Abkhaz politician who has served as the President of Abkhazia since 23 April 2020.
See Abkhazia and Aslan Bzhania
Aslan-Bey Sharvashidze
Aslan-Bey Chachba, or Nikoloz Sharvashidze from the House of Sharvashidze, was a prince of the Principality of Abkhazia from 1808 to 1810.
See Abkhazia and Aslan-Bey Sharvashidze
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Abkhazia and Association football
Astana
Astana, formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Australian Government
The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government or the Federal Government, is the national executive government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
See Abkhazia and Australian Government
Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision.
Bagrat III of Georgia
Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III) (c. 960 – 7 May 1014), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Abkhazia from 978 on (as Bagrat II of Abkhazia) and king of Georgia from 1008 on.
See Abkhazia and Bagrat III of Georgia
Bagrat Shinkuba
Bagrat Uasyl-ipa Shinkuba (12 May 1917 – 25 February 2004) was an Abkhaz writer, poet, historian, linguist and politician.
See Abkhazia and Bagrat Shinkuba
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who served as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations between 2007 and 2016.
Battle of Gagra
The Battle of Gagra was fought between Georgian forces and the Abkhaz secessionists aided by the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (CMPC) militants from 1 to 6 October 1992, during the War in Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Battle of Gagra
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Abkhazia and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Beech
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Eurasia and North America.
Belarus
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. Abkhazia and Belarus are post-Soviet states.
Belarusians
Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.
Bessas (magister militum)
Bessas (Βέσσας, before 480 – after 554) was an Eastern Roman general of Gothic origin from Thrace, primarily known for his career in the wars of Justinian I (reigned 527–565).
See Abkhazia and Bessas (magister militum)
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.
Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
See Abkhazia and Bloomberg L.P.
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
Budapest
Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Abkhazia and Byzantine Empire
Bzyb (river)
The Bzyb or Bzipi (or; Bzipi; Bzyṗ) is (along with the Kodori) one of the two largest rivers of Abkhazia and the twelfth longest river in Georgia.
Bzyb Range
Bzyb Mountain Range GeoNames (ბზიფის ქედი, bzipis kedi;, Ageish'kha) is a mountain range in Abkhazia, Georgia on the southern slope of the western part of Greater Caucasus.
Caucasian Knot
Caucasian Knot (Kavkazkii Uzel) is an online news site that covers the Caucasus region in English and Russian.
See Abkhazia and Caucasian Knot
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Abkhazia and Caucasus Mountains are Caucasus and west Asia.
See Abkhazia and Caucasus Mountains
Chechens
The Chechens (Нохчий,, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus.
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Circassian genocide
The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of 95–97% of the Circassian population, resulting in 1 to 1.5 million deaths during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War.
See Abkhazia and Circassian genocide
Circassians
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.
Civil Georgia
Civil Georgia (სივილ ჯორჯია) is a Tbilisi-based free daily news website run by Georgian NGO UN Association of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Civil Georgia
Classics
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Abkhazia and CNN
Colchis
In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi (ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia.
Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. Abkhazia and Commonwealth of Independent States are post-Soviet states.
See Abkhazia and Commonwealth of Independent States
Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union)
The Communist Party of Georgia (tr; Коммунистическая партия Грузии) was the founding and ruling political party of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
See Abkhazia and Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union)
Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, also commonly and colloquially known as the Commonwealth of Unrecognized States, rarely as CIS-2, is an international organization in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus of three breakaway states in the territory of the former Soviet Union, all of which have limited to no recognition from the international community.
See Abkhazia and Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
The Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (CMPC) (Конфедерация горскихнародов Кавказа; (KGNK) until 1991 known as Assembly of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus) was a militarised political organisation in the North Caucasus, active around the time of before the collapse of the Soviet Union and after, between 1989 and 2000.
See Abkhazia and Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
The CONIFA World Football Cup is an international football tournament organized by CONIFA, an umbrella association for states, minorities, stateless peoples and regions unaffiliated with FIFA, which has been held every two years since 2014.
See Abkhazia and CONIFA World Football Cup
Constituent Assembly of Georgia
The Constituent Assembly of Georgia (tr) was a national legislature of the Democratic Republic of Georgia which was elected in February 1919 to ratify the Act of Independence of Georgia and enact the Constitution of 1921.
See Abkhazia and Constituent Assembly of Georgia
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.
Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between the Russian Empire and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia-Piedmont.
Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union
The Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union (Таможенный союз Евразийского экономического союза) or EAEU Customs Union (Таможенный союз ЕАЭС) is a customs union of 5 post-Soviet states consisting of all the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia) which initially became effective on January 1, 2010 at the date of implementation of the common external tariff (CET) as the Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Community or Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
See Abkhazia and Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union
De facto currency
A de facto currency is a unit of money that is not legal tender in a country but is treated as such by most of the populace.
See Abkhazia and De facto currency
Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia, which existed from May 1918 to February 1921.
See Abkhazia and Democratic Republic of Georgia
Diplomatic recognition
Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral declarative political act of a state that acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state (may be also a recognized state).
See Abkhazia and Diplomatic recognition
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
See Abkhazia and Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dmitry Gulia
Dmitry Gulia (Дырмит Иасыф-иҧа Гәлиа; 9 February 1874 – 7 April 1960) was an Abkhazian Soviet writer and poet, considered to be one of the founders of Abkhaz literature.
Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician who has been serving as deputy chairman of the Security Council of Russia since 2020.
See Abkhazia and Dmitry Medvedev
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Abkhazia and Eastern Europe
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.
See Abkhazia and Eastern Orthodox Church
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze (ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე, romanized:; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1990.
See Abkhazia and Eduard Shevardnadze
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. Abkhazia and Egypt are west Asian countries.
Emblem of Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a region in the Caucasus that is under the effective control of the partially recognised self-declared Republic of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Emblem of Abkhazia
Emzar Kvitsiani
Emzar Kvitsiani (ემზარ კვიციანი,; born 25 April 1961) is a former Georgian military commander and politician.
See Abkhazia and Emzar Kvitsiani
Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.
See Abkhazia and Encyclopaedia of Islam
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Abkhazia and Encyclopædia Britannica
Endangered language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages.
See Abkhazia and Endangered language
Enguri
The Enguri (tr, ingiri, Егры, Egry) is a river in western Georgia.
Enguri Dam
The Enguri Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Enguri River in Tsalenjikha, Georgia.
Eristavi
Eristavi (literally, "head of the nation") was a Georgian feudal office, roughly equivalent to the Byzantine strategos and normally translated into English as "prince" or less commonly as "duke".
Estonians in Abkhazia
Estonians in Abkhazia are a minority residing in Abkhazia, recognized worldwide as an autonomous region of Georgia but de facto an independent country.
See Abkhazia and Estonians in Abkhazia
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.
See Abkhazia and Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
The ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia,The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, p 27In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander, International Herald Tribune, 22 October 1993On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union Georgiy I.
See Abkhazia and Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Sukhumi
The Sukhumi massacre took place on 27 September 1993, during and after the fall of Sukhumi into separatist hands in the course of the War in Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Sukhumi
Ethnonym
An ethnonym is a name applied to a given ethnic group.
European Council
The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body (directorial system) that defines the overall political direction and priorities of the European Union.
See Abkhazia and European Council
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
See Abkhazia and European Union
European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia
The European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM Georgia) is an unarmed peacekeeping mission operated by the European Union in Georgia.
See Abkhazia and European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia
Fazil Iskander
Fazil Abdulovich Iskander (6 March 1929 – 31 July 2016) was a Soviet and Russian"There's no doubt I'm a Russian writer who praised Abkhazia a lot.
See Abkhazia and Fazil Iskander
Federal Assembly (Russia)
The Federal Assembly is the bicameral national legislature of Russia.
See Abkhazia and Federal Assembly (Russia)
Federal republic
A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government.
See Abkhazia and Federal republic
Fighter aircraft
Fighter aircraft (early on also pursuit aircraft) are military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat.
See Abkhazia and Fighter aircraft
First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea (Sýnodos tês Nikaías) was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.
See Abkhazia and First Council of Nicaea
Flag of Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a region in the Caucasus that is under the effective control of the partially recognised self-declared Republic of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Flag of Abkhazia
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is the ministry of foreign affairs and a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Abkhazia and Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.
See Abkhazia and Freedom House
Frozen conflict
In international relations, a frozen conflict is a situation in which active armed conflict has been brought to an end, but no peace treaty or other political framework resolves the conflict to the satisfaction of the combatants.
See Abkhazia and Frozen conflict
Gagra District
Gagra District is a district of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Gagra District
Gali (town)
Gali (გალი; Гал, Gal) is a town in Abkhazia 77 km southeast of Sukhumi.
Gali District, Abkhazia
Gali District is one of the districts of Abkhazia, Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Gali District, Abkhazia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. Abkhazia and Georgia (country) are Caucasus, post-Soviet states, south Caucasus and west Asian countries.
See Abkhazia and Georgia (country)
Georgia–Russia relations
Russia and Georgia have had relations for centuries.
See Abkhazia and Georgia–Russia relations
Georgian Civil War
The Georgian Civil War lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Georgian Civil War
Georgian language
Georgian (ქართული ენა) is the most widely spoken Kartvelian language; it serves as the literary language or lingua franca for speakers of related languages.
See Abkhazia and Georgian language
Georgian sea blockade of Abkhazia
The Georgian sea blockade of Abkhazia has been in force since 2004, when it was ordered to be imposed by Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili.
See Abkhazia and Georgian sea blockade of Abkhazia
The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its independence in 1991.
See Abkhazia and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Georgians
The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.
Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.
Gori Municipality
Gori (გორის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Goris municiṗaliṫeṫi) is a district of Georgia, in the region of Shida Kartli.
See Abkhazia and Gori Municipality
Government of Georgia (country)
The Government of Georgia (tr) is the supreme body of executive power in Georgia that implements the domestic and foreign policies of the country.
See Abkhazia and Government of Georgia (country)
Government of Russia
The government of Russia (Pravitelstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation.
See Abkhazia and Government of Russia
Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
The Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia is an administration established by Georgia as the legal and only government of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
Government of the Republic of Abkhazia
The Government of the Republic of Abkhazia governs the partially recognised Republic of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Government of the Republic of Abkhazia
Government-in-exile
A government-in-exile (GiE) is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country.
See Abkhazia and Government-in-exile
Great Purge
The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Abkhazia and Greek language
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Greensboro, North Carolina
Greensboro (local pronunciation) is a city in and the county seat of Guilford County, North Carolina, United States.
See Abkhazia and Greensboro, North Carolina
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Abkhazia and Greenwood Publishing Group
Gudauta
Gudauta (გუდაუთა,; Гәдоуҭа, Gwdowtha; Гудаута, Gudauta) is a town in Abkhazia, Georgia, and a centre of the eponymous district.
Gudauta District
Gudauta District is a district of Abkhazia, Georgia's breakaway republic.
See Abkhazia and Gudauta District
Gulripshi District
Gulripshi District (გულრიფშის რაიონი, Гәылрыҧшь араион) is a district of Abkhazia, one of Georgia’s breakaway republics.
See Abkhazia and Gulripshi District
Gumista River
The Gumista River (გუმისთა, Abkhaz: Гәымсҭа) is a river in Abkhazia, Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Gumista River
HALO Trust
The HALO Trust (Hazardous Area Life-support Organization) is a humanitarian non-government organisation which primarily works to clear landmines and other explosive devices left behind by conflicts.
Hazelnut
The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.
Height above mean sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level.
See Abkhazia and Height above mean sea level
Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors.
Hellanicus of Lesbos
Hellanicus (or Hellanikos) of Lesbos (Greek: Ἑλλάνικος ὁ Λέσβιος, Hellánikos ho Lésbios), also called Hellanicus of Mytilene (Greek: Ἑλλάνικος ὁ Μυτιληναῖος, Hellánikos ho Mutilēnaῖos; 490 BC – 405 BC), was an ancient Greek logographer who flourished during the latter half of the 5th century BC.
See Abkhazia and Hellanicus of Lesbos
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission (HR/VP) is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within the European Union (EU).
See Abkhazia and High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Hornbeam
Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus Carpinus in the family Betulaceae.
House of Sharvashidze
The House of Sharvashidze or Shervashidze (შარვაშიძე-შერვაშიძე) was a Georgian-Abkhazian ruling family of Principality of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and House of Sharvashidze
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi (Յովհաննէս Դրասխանակերտցի, John of Drasxanakert, various spellings exist), also called John V the Historian, was Catholicos of Armenia from 897 to 925, and a noted chronicler and historian.
See Abkhazia and Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See Abkhazia and Human Rights Watch
Internally displaced person
An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within their country's borders.
See Abkhazia and Internally displaced person
International Crisis Group
The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a global non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995.
See Abkhazia and International Crisis Group
International law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards that states and other actors feel an obligation to obey in their mutual relations and generally do obey.
See Abkhazia and International law
International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Abkhazia and South Ossetia are separatist regions of Georgia in the Caucasus.
See Abkhazia and International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Irakli Alasania
Irakli Alasania (ირაკლი ალასანია) (born 21 December 1973) is a Georgian politician, soldier and former diplomat who served as the Minister of Defense of Georgia from 2012 to 2014.
See Abkhazia and Irakli Alasania
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Istanbul
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Javier Solana
Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga CYC (born 14 July 1942) is a Spanish physicist and PSOE politician.
See Abkhazia and Javier Solana
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.
See Abkhazia and Jehovah's Witnesses
Joseph Kobzon
Joseph Davydovich Kobzon (11 September 1937 – 30 August 2018) was a Soviet-born Russian singer, known for his crooner style.
See Abkhazia and Joseph Kobzon
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.
See Abkhazia and Joseph Stalin
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin juris 'law' + dictio 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice.
Kandid Charkviani
Kandid Charkviani (კანდიდ ჩარკვიანი, Кандид Несторович Чарквиани; 1907 – 13 September 1994) was a Georgian party and government official, and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Georgia from 1938 to 1952.
See Abkhazia and Kandid Charkviani
Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Sharvashidze
Kelesh Ahmed-Bey (Kelesh-Bey) Sharvashidze-Chachba (1747–1808) was the head of state of the Principality of Abkhazia from the 1780s to 1808.
See Abkhazia and Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Sharvashidze
KGB
The Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (KGB)) was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991.
See Abkhazia and KGB
Khazars
The Khazars were a nomadic Turkic people that, in the late 6th-century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan.
Kingdom of Abkhazia
The Kingdom of Abkhazia (tr), was a medieval feudal state in the Caucasus which was established in the 780s.
See Abkhazia and Kingdom of Abkhazia
Kingdom of Georgia
The Kingdom of Georgia (Georgian: ⴑⴀⴕⴀⴐⴇⴅⴄⴊⴍⴑ ⴑⴀⴋⴄⴔⴍ), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in AD.
See Abkhazia and Kingdom of Georgia
Kingdom of Imereti
The Kingdom of Imereti (tr) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms.
See Abkhazia and Kingdom of Imereti
Kodori (river)
The Kodori (კოდორი; Kwydry) is one of the two largest rivers of Abkhazia, along with the Bzyb. Abkhazia and Kodori (river) are Caucasus.
See Abkhazia and Kodori (river)
Kodori Valley
The Kodori Valley, also known as the Kodori Gorge (კოდორის ხეობა, Kwydyrta), is a river valley in Abkhazia, Georgia's breakaway autonomous republic.
See Abkhazia and Kodori Valley
Kommersant
(Коммерсантъ,, The Businessman or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business.
Kosovo independence precedent
On 17 February 2008, the majority of members of the Assembly of Kosovo, including Hashim Thaçi, and Fatmir Sejdiu (who were not members of the Assembly), not acting in the capacity of PISG, declared Kosovo an independent and sovereign state.
See Abkhazia and Kosovo independence precedent
Kutaisi
Kutaisi (ქუთაისი) is a city in the Imereti region of the Republic of Georgia.
Kutaisi Governorate
The Kutaisi or Kutais Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.
See Abkhazia and Kutaisi Governorate
Lado Gurgenidze
Vladimer "Lado" Gurgenidze (ვლადიმერ გურგენიძე; born 7 December 1970) is a Georgian career banker, business executive, and the former politician, who was the sixth Prime Minister of Georgia, from 22 November 2007 to 1 November 2008.
See Abkhazia and Lado Gurgenidze
Lake Ritsa
Lake Ritsa (Риҵа, tr) is a lake in the north-western part of Georgia, in the Caucasus Mountains.
Land of Darkness
The Land of Darkness (Arabic: ديار الظلمات romanized: Diyārī Zulūmāt) was a mythical land supposedly enshrouded in perpetual darkness.
See Abkhazia and Land of Darkness
Lavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (p; ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია, Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician and one of the longest-serving and most influential of Joseph Stalin's secret police chiefs, serving as head of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) from 1938 to 1946, during the country's involvement in the Second World War.
See Abkhazia and Lavrentiy Beria
Laz language
The Laz language or Lazuri is a Kartvelian language spoken by the Laz people on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea.
Lazic War
The Lazic War, also known as the Colchidian War or in Georgian historiography as the Great War of Egrisi, was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire for control of the ancient Georgian region of Lazica.
Lazica
Kingdom of Lazica (ႤႢႰႨႱႨ, Egrisi; ლაზიკა, Laziǩa; Λαζική, Lazikí), also known as Lazian Empire, was the state in the territory of west Georgia in the Roman-Byzantine period, from about the 1st century BC.
Leon I of Abkhazia
Leon I of Abkhazia was the hereditary prince (Eristavi) of Abkhazia, ruling sometime between 720 - 740, or from c. 745 - 767, and a vassal to the Byzantine Emperor.
See Abkhazia and Leon I of Abkhazia
Leon II of Abkhazia
Leon II (ლეონ II), of the Anchabadze dynasty, was the hereditary prince (Eristavi) from 767 to 778 and king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Abkhazia from 778 to 828.
See Abkhazia and Leon II of Abkhazia
Leonti Mroveli
Leonti Mroveli (ლეონტი მროველი) was the 11th-century Georgian chronicler, presumably an ecclesiastic.
See Abkhazia and Leonti Mroveli
Leselidze (town)
Leselidze (ლესელიძე, Leselidze; Լեսելիձե; Леселидзе) or Gyachrypsh (Гьачрыҧшь, G'achryphsh; Гячрыпш) is a town in Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Leselidze (town)
Lisbon
Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.
List of states with limited recognition
A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. Abkhazia and List of states with limited recognition are states with limited recognition.
See Abkhazia and List of states with limited recognition
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London, England, and amember institution of the University of London.
See Abkhazia and London School of Economics
Marwan II
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan (translit; – 6 August 750), commonly known as Marwan II, was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 744 until his death.
Mass media in Abkhazia consists of several TV channels, newspapers, magazines and radio stations.
See Abkhazia and Mass media in Abkhazia
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft.
See Abkhazia and Microsoft Word
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.
See Abkhazia and Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail, Prince of Abkhazia
Mikhail, or Hamud Bey Sharvashidze-Chachba, from the House of Sharvashidze, (died 1866) was the head of state of the Principality of Abkhazia and reigned from 1823 to 1864.
See Abkhazia and Mikhail, Prince of Abkhazia
Mikheil Saakashvili
Mikheil Saakashvili (მიხეილ სააკაშვილი; Міхеіл Саакашвілі; born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist.
See Abkhazia and Mikheil Saakashvili
Mingrelian language
Mingrelian, or Megrelian (მარგალური ნინა) is a Kartvelian language spoken in Western Georgia (regions of Mingrelia and Abkhazia), primarily by the Mingrelians.
See Abkhazia and Mingrelian language
Mingrelians
The Mingrelians (margalepi; tr) are an indigenous Kartvelian-speaking ethnic subgroup of Georgians that mostly live in the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (samargalo; tr) region of Georgia.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MFA Russia; Министерство иностранныхдел Российской Федерации, МИД РФ) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia.
See Abkhazia and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia (tr) is a governmental body of Georgia responsible for protecting and promoting Georgia's interest and its persons and entities abroad.
See Abkhazia and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
Mirian of Kakheti
Prince Mirian or Mihr (მირიანი; მირი) was a Georgian prince of the royal Chosroid dynasty reigning between 736 and 741.
See Abkhazia and Mirian of Kakheti
Monaco
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea.
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.
See Abkhazia and Mongol Empire
Moscow State Institute of International Relations
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) (Московский государственный институт международныхотношений (МГИМО), also known as MGIMO University) is an institute of higher education located in Moscow, Russia.
See Abkhazia and Moscow State Institute of International Relations
Moskovskij Komsomolets
Moskovskij Komsomolets (lit) is a Moscow-based daily newspaper with a circulation approaching one million, covering general news.
See Abkhazia and Moskovskij Komsomolets
Most Holy Synod
The Most Holy Governing Synod (Svyateyshiy Pravitel'stvuyushchiy Sinod, pre-reform orthography: Svyatěyshìy Pravitel'stvuyushchìy Sÿnod) was the highest governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church between 1721 and 1917.
See Abkhazia and Most Holy Synod
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (MRNC), also referred to as the United Republics of the North Caucasus, Mountain Republic, or the Republic of the Mountaineers, was a state in Eurasia and encompassing the entirety of the North Caucasus that emerged during the Russian Civil War and existed from 1918 to 1919.
See Abkhazia and Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
Multiple citizenship
Multiple citizenship (or multiple nationality) is a person's legal status in which a person is at the same time recognized by more than one country under its nationality and citizenship law as a national or citizen of that country.
See Abkhazia and Multiple citizenship
Nart saga
The Nart sagas (Abkhaz: Нарҭаа ражәабжьқәа; Nartaa raƶuabƶkua; translit; translit) are a series of tales originating from the North Caucasus.
National Guard of Georgia
The National Guard of Georgia (NG, საქართველოს ეროვნული გვარდია, sak'art'velos erovnuli gvardia) is a branch of the Defense Forces of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and National Guard of Georgia
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
Nauru
Nauru (or; Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Micronesia, part of Oceania in the Central Pacific.
New Athos
New Athos or Akhali Atoni is a town in the Gudauta ''raion'' of Abkhazia situated some from Sukhumi by the shores of the Black Sea.
New religious movement
A new religious movement (NRM), also known as alternative spirituality or a new religion, is a religious or spiritual group that has modern origins and is peripheral to its society's dominant religious culture.
See Abkhazia and New religious movement
NEWSru
NEWSru.com was a Russian independent online news site based in Moscow that was generally critical of the Russian government.
Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.
Nicopsis
Nicopsis, Nikopsis, or Nikopsia (Νικόψις; ნიკოფსი, ნიკოფსია) was a medieval fortress and town on the northeastern Black Sea coast, somewhere between the Russian towns of Tuapse and Gelendzhik.
Nino Burjanadze
Nino Burjanadze (Georgian: ნინო ბურჯანაძე, also romanized Burdzhanadze or Burdjanadze, born 16 July 1964) is a Georgian politician and lawyer who served as Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia from November 2001 to June 2008.
See Abkhazia and Nino Burjanadze
Non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government.
See Abkhazia and Non-governmental organization
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia. Abkhazia and North Caucasus are Caucasus.
See Abkhazia and North Caucasus
Oak
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.
See Abkhazia and Oak
Ochamchira District
Ochamchira District is a district of the partially recognised Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Ochamchira District
Ochamchire
Ochamchire or Ochamchira (ოჩამჩირე,; Очамчыра, Ochamchyra; Очамчира, Ochamchira) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, Georgia, and a centre of an eponymous district.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
See Abkhazia and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Okrug
An okrug is a type of administrative division in some Slavic-speaking states.
Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic is the first Slavic literary language.
See Abkhazia and Old Church Slavonic
OpenDemocracy
openDemocracy is an independent media platform and news website based in the United Kingdom.
See Abkhazia and OpenDemocracy
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.
See Abkhazia and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Ossetians
The Ossetians (or; Ossetic), also known as Ossetes, Ossets, and Alans, are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern sides of the Caucasus Mountains.
Otagho II Sharvashidze
Otagho II Sharvashidze (d. 1213) was a 12–13th century Georgian noble.
See Abkhazia and Otagho II Sharvashidze
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Abkhazia and Ottoman Empire
Outline of Abkhazia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Abkhazia: Abkhazia is a de facto independent state located in Eurasia whose de jure sovereignty is only recognized by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru and the disputed states of South Ossetia and Transnistria.
See Abkhazia and Outline of Abkhazia
Outlook (Indian magazine)
Outlook is a weekly general interest English and Hindi news magazine published in India.
See Abkhazia and Outlook (Indian magazine)
Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (tr) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Parliament of Georgia
Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE (OSCE PA) is an institution of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
See Abkhazia and Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
People's Assembly of Abkhazia
The People's Assembly — Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia (translit, tr, translit) is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and People's Assembly of Abkhazia
Perestroika
Perestroika (a) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
Periglaciation
Periglaciation (adjective: "periglacial", referring to places at the edges of glacial areas) describes geomorphic processes that result from seasonal thawing and freezing, very often in areas of permafrost.
See Abkhazia and Periglaciation
Peter Semneby
Peter Semneby (born 29 June 1959) is a Swedish diplomat who currently serves as Sweden's Special Envoy for the Conflict in Yemen.
See Abkhazia and Peter Semneby
Pitsunda
Pitsunda (Пиҵунда, Пицунда) or Bichvinta (ბიჭვინთა) is a resort town in the Gagra District of Abkhazia/Georgia.
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Abkhazia and Pliny the Elder
Pogrom
A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.
Politico
Politico (stylized in all caps), known originally as The Politico, is an American political digital newspaper company.
Politics of Vanuatu
The politics of Vanuatu take place within the framework of a constitutional democracy.
See Abkhazia and Politics of Vanuatu
Precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull.
See Abkhazia and Precipitation
President (government title)
President is a common title for the head of state in most republics.
See Abkhazia and President (government title)
President of Abkhazia
The president of Abkhazia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is de jure part of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and President of Abkhazia
President of Georgia
The president of Georgia (tr) is the ceremonial head of state of Georgia as well as the commander-in-chief of the Defense Forces.
See Abkhazia and President of Georgia
Presidential system
A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers.
See Abkhazia and Presidential system
Prime Minister of Abkhazia
The prime minister of Abkhazia is the de facto head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is de jure part of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Prime Minister of Abkhazia
Principality
A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince.
Principality of Abkhazia
The Principality of Abkhazia (tr) emerged as a separate feudal entity in the 15th-16th centuries, amid the civil wars in the Kingdom of Georgia that concluded with the dissolution of the unified Georgian monarchy.
See Abkhazia and Principality of Abkhazia
Principality of Iberia
Principality of Iberia (Georgian: ႵႠႰႧႪႨႱ ႱႠႤႰႨႱႫႧႠႥႰႭ) was an early medieval aristocratic regime in a core Georgian region of Kartli, called Iberia by classical authors.
See Abkhazia and Principality of Iberia
Psou
The Psou (Псыу; ფსოუ; Ҧсоу; Псоу) is a river in the West Caucasus, bordering the Gagra Range to the east.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.
See Abkhazia and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states.
Raul Khajimba
Raul Jumkovich Khajimba (Рауль Џьумка-иԥа Ҳаџьымба, რაულ ჯუმკას-ძე ჰაჯიმბა; born 21 March 1959) is an Abkhazian politician, and served as President of Abkhazia from 25 September 2014 until 12 January 2020.
See Abkhazia and Raul Khajimba
Red Army invasion of Georgia
The Red Army invasion of Georgia (12 February17 March 1921), also known as the Georgian–Soviet War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992).
See Abkhazia and Red Army invasion of Georgia
Republic
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.
Republic of Artsakh
Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh or the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, was a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory was internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Abkhazia and Republic of Artsakh are post-Soviet states and south Caucasus.
See Abkhazia and Republic of Artsakh
Republics of the Soviet Union
The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics (r) were national-based administrative units of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Abkhazia and Republics of the Soviet Union are post-Soviet states.
See Abkhazia and Republics of the Soviet Union
Reservist
A reservist is a person who is a member of a military reserve force.
Richard Lugar
Richard Green Lugar (April 4, 1932 – April 28, 2019) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013.
See Abkhazia and Richard Lugar
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Romani people
The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
See Abkhazia and Romani people
Rose Revolution
The Rose Revolution or Revolution of Roses (tr) was a nonviolent change of power that occurred in Georgia in November 2003.
See Abkhazia and Rose Revolution
Ruble
The ruble or rouble (p) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. Abkhazia and Russia are post-Soviet states.
Russian Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia.
See Abkhazia and Russian Armed Forces
Russian citizenship law
Russian citizenship law details the conditions by which a person holds citizenship of Russia.
See Abkhazia and Russian citizenship law
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
See Abkhazia and Russian Empire
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Abkhazia and Russian language
Russian Naval Infantry
The Russian Naval Infantry, often referred to as Russian Marines in the West, operate as the naval infantry of the Russian Navy.
See Abkhazia and Russian Naval Infantry
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.
See Abkhazia and Russian Revolution
Russian ruble
The ruble or rouble (rublʹ; symbol: ₽; abbreviation: руб or р. in Cyrillic, Rub in Latin; ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation.
See Abkhazia and Russian ruble
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..
See Abkhazia and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian-occupied territories in Georgia
Russian-occupied territories in Georgia (tr) are areas of Georgia that have been occupied by Russia since the Russo-Georgian War in 2008. Abkhazia and Russian-occupied territories in Georgia are autonomous republics of Georgia (country) and separatism in Georgia (country).
See Abkhazia and Russian-occupied territories in Georgia
Russians
Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.
Russification
Russification (rusifikatsiya), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily or voluntarily, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian culture and the Russian language.
See Abkhazia and Russification
Russo-Circassian War
The Russo-Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, was the invasion of Circassia by Russia, starting in 1763 (O.S) with the Russian Empire assuming authority in Circassia, followed by the Circassian refusal,Henze 1992 and ending 100 years, 10 months and 6 days later with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 (O.S), making it exhausting and casualty-heavy for both sides.
See Abkhazia and Russo-Circassian War
Russo-Georgian War
The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Russo-Georgian War
Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
The Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire was one of the Russo-Turkish Wars.
See Abkhazia and Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827.
See Abkhazia and Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (Georgian: სამეგრელო-ზემო სვანეთი) is a region (Mkhare) in western Georgia with a population of 308,358 (2021) and a surface of.
See Abkhazia and Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Samurzakano
Samurzakano (სამურზაყანო, Samurzak'ano, Samurzaqano) is a historical region in southeastern Abkhazia, in western Georgia. Abkhazia and Samurzakano are historical regions of Georgia (country).
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Abkhazia and Sasanian Empire
Schengen Area
The Schengen Area is an area encompassing European countries that have officially abolished border controls at their mutual borders.
See Abkhazia and Schengen Area
Security Council of Russia
The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF or Sovbez; Sovet bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii (SBRF)) is a constitutional consultative body of the Russian president that supports the president's decision-making on national security affairs and matters of strategic interest.
See Abkhazia and Security Council of Russia
Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze
Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze (also known by the Christian name of Giorgi Sharvashidze) was a prince of the Principality of Abkhazia in 1810–21.
See Abkhazia and Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze
Sergei Bagapsh
Sergei Uasyl-ipa Bagapsh (4 March 1949 – 29 May 2011) was an Abkhaz politician who served as the second President of Abkhazia from 12 February 2005 until his death on 29 May 2011.
See Abkhazia and Sergei Bagapsh
Shamil Basayev
Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (Салман ВоӀ Шамиль; Salman Voj Şamil; Шамиль Салманович Басаев; 14 January 1965 – 10 July 2006), also known by his kunya "Abu Idris", was a Chechen guerilla leader who served as a senior military commander in the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
See Abkhazia and Shamil Basayev
Simon the Zealot
Simon the Zealot or Simon the Canaanite or Simon the Canaanean (Σίμων ὁ Κανανίτης; ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲓ-ⲕⲁⲛⲁⲛⲉⲟⲥ; ܫܡܥܘܢ ܩܢܢܝܐ) was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus.
See Abkhazia and Simon the Zealot
Sochi
Sochi (a, from Шъуача – seaside) is the largest resort city in Russia.
Sochi agreement
The Sochi agreement (also known as the Dagomys Agreements (Дагомысские соглашения), official name in Russian: «Cоглашение о принципахмирного урегулирования грузино-осетинского конфликта») was a ceasefire agreement ostensibly marking the end of both the Georgian–Ossetian and Georgian–Abkhazian conflicts, signed in Sochi on June 24, 1992 between Georgia and Russia, the ceasefire with Abkhazia on July 27, 1993.
See Abkhazia and Sochi agreement
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (SSR Abkhazia) was a short-lived republic within the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union that covered the territory of Abkhazia, and existed from 31 March 1921 to 19 February 1931.
See Abkhazia and Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia
South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. Abkhazia and south Caucasus are Caucasus and west Asia.
See Abkhazia and South Caucasus
South Ossetia
South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia–State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. Abkhazia and South Ossetia are autonomous republics of Georgia (country), post-Soviet states, separatism in Georgia (country), south Caucasus, states with limited recognition and west Asian countries.
See Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Sovereign state
A sovereign state is a state that has the highest authority over a territory.
See Abkhazia and Sovereign state
Soviet passport
The Soviet passport was an identity document issued pursuant to the laws of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) for citizens of the USSR.
See Abkhazia and Soviet passport
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Spoken language
A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or (depending on one's definition) manual gestures, as opposed to a written language.
See Abkhazia and Spoken language
Sport in Abkhazia
Football is a major sport in Abkhazia (a territory in the Caucasus).
See Abkhazia and Sport in Abkhazia
Stanislav Lakoba
Stanislav Lakoba (Станислав Лакоба, სტანისლავ ლაკობა; born 23 February 1953) is an academic and politician from Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Stanislav Lakoba
State Ministry for Reconciliation and Civic Equality of Georgia
The State Ministry for Reconciliation and Civic Equality (შერიგებისა და სამოქალაქო თანასწორობის საკითხებში სახელმწიფო მინისტრის აპარატი) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Georgia in charge of coordination and monitoring of activities undertaken towards Georgian–Ossetian and Georgian–Abkhazian conflict resolution, generating new peace initiatives and reintegrating the conflict regions and their population with the rest of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and State Ministry for Reconciliation and Civic Equality of Georgia
Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Stephanus Byzantinus; Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; centuryAD) was a Byzantine grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά).
See Abkhazia and Stephanus of Byzantium
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
Sukhumi
Sukhumi (see also other names) is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast.
Sukhumi District
Sukhumi District is one of the districts of Abkhazia, one of Georgia’s two breakaway republics.
See Abkhazia and Sukhumi District
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Svan language
Svan (ლუშნუ ნინ lušnu nin; tr) is a Kartvelian language spoken in the western Georgian region of Svaneti primarily by the Svan people.
See Abkhazia and Svan language
Svans
The Svans (Shvanar; სვანი, Svani) are an ethnic subgroup of the Georgians (Kartvelians)Stephen F. Jones.
Svante Cornell
Svante E. Cornell (born 1975) is a Swedish scholar specializing on politics and security issues in Eurasia, especially the South Caucasus, Turkey, and Central Asia.
See Abkhazia and Svante Cornell
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Abkhazia and Syria are west Asian countries.
Syrian civil war
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.
See Abkhazia and Syrian civil war
Tamar of Georgia
Tamar the Great (tr,; 1160 – 18 January 1213) reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age.
See Abkhazia and Tamar of Georgia
Tamaz Nadareishvili
Tamaz Nadareishvili (თამაზ ნადარეიშვილი) (19 July 1954 – 31 August 2004) was a Georgian politician who served as head of the Council of Ministers of Abkhazia, a government-in-exile for the breakaway province.
See Abkhazia and Tamaz Nadareishvili
Tangerine
The tangerine is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in color, that is considered either a variety of Citrus reticulata, the mandarin orange, or a closely related species, under the name Citrus tangerina, or yet as a hybrid (Citrus × tangerina) of mandarin orange varieties, with some pomelo contribution.
TASS
The Russian News Agency TASS, or simply TASS, is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904.
Tatars
The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.
Tbilisi
Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people.
Tedo Sakhokia
Tedo Sakhokia (თედო სახოკია; March 15, 1868 ― February 17, 1956) was a Georgian ethnographer, lexicologist, folklore scientist, translator, opinion journalist and educator, Correspondent Member of the Académie de Reims (1902) and Foreign Correspondent Member of the Society of Anthropology of Paris (1904).
See Abkhazia and Tedo Sakhokia
Telephone numbers in Abkhazia
Telephone numbers in Abkhazia follow the dialling plan in place in Russia.
See Abkhazia and Telephone numbers in Abkhazia
Telephone numbers in Russia
Telephone numbers in Russia are administered by Roskomnadzor, and Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation.
See Abkhazia and Telephone numbers in Russia
Tengiz Kitovani
Tengiz Kitovani (თენგიზ კიტოვანი tengiz k’it’ovani; 9 June 1938 – 13 November 2023) was a Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Tengiz Kitovani
Territorial integrity
Territorial integrity is the principle under international law where sovereign states have a right to defend their borders and all territory in them from another state.
See Abkhazia and Territorial integrity
The Georgian Chronicles
The Georgian Chronicles is a conventional English name for the principal compendium of medieval Georgian historical texts, natively known as Kartlis Tskhovreba (ქართლის ცხოვრება), literally "Life of Kartli", Kartli being a core region of ancient and medieval Georgia, known to the Classical and Byzantine authors as Iberia.
See Abkhazia and The Georgian Chronicles
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Abkhazia and The New York Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
Titular nation
The titular nation is the single dominant ethnic group in a particular state, typically after which the state was named.
See Abkhazia and Titular nation
Tkvarcheli District
Tkvarcheli District (ტყვარჩელის რაიონი, Тҟәарчал араион, Ткварчелский район) is one of the districts of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Tkvarcheli District
Tourism in Abkhazia
Tourism in Abkhazia has been an important part of its economy.
See Abkhazia and Tourism in Abkhazia
Transnistria
Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. Abkhazia and Transnistria are states with limited recognition.
Tskhinvali
Tskhinvali (ცხინვალი) or Tskhinval (Cxinval, Čreba,; r) is the capital of the disputed de facto independent Republic of South Ossetia, internationally considered part of Shida Kartli, Georgia (except by the Russian Federation and four other UN member states).
Tsotne Dadiani
Tsotne Dadiani (ცოტნე დადიანი) (died) was a Georgian nobleman of the House of Dadiani and one of the leading political figures in the time of Mongol ascendancy in Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Tsotne Dadiani
Tumen (unit)
Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand"; Old Turkic: tümän; Түмэн., tümen; tümen; tömény), was a decimal unit of measurement used by the Turkic and Mongol peoples to quantify and organize their societies in groups of 10,000.
Turkish people
Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
See Abkhazia and Turkish people
Tuvalu
Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia.
Ukrainians
Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.
Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources.
See Abkhazia and Umbrella organization
Union State
The Union State of Russia and Belarus, officially also referred to as Union State, is a supranational union consisting of Belarus and Russia, with the stated aim of deepening the relationship between the two states through integration in economic and defence policy.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
See Abkhazia and United Kingdom
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See Abkhazia and United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Abkhazia and United Nations Development Programme
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.
See Abkhazia and United Nations General Assembly
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.
See Abkhazia and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
The United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 on 24 August 1993 to verify compliance with a 27 July 1993 ceasefire agreement between the Republic of Georgia and forces in Abkhazia with special attention given to the situation in the city of Sukhumi, Georgia.
See Abkhazia and United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is a United Nations (UN) body established in December 1991 by the General Assembly to strengthen the international response to complex emergencies and natural disasters.
See Abkhazia and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716, adopted unanimously on October 13, 2006, after reaffirming all resolutions on Abkhazia and Georgia, particularly Resolution 1666 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until April 15, 2007.
See Abkhazia and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716
United Nations Volunteers
The United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme is a United Nations organization that contributes to peace and development through volunteerism worldwide.
See Abkhazia and United Nations Volunteers
United Press International
United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s.
See Abkhazia and United Press International
United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
See Abkhazia and United States Agency for International Development
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
See Abkhazia and United States Department of State
University of Colorado Boulder
The University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder, CU, or Colorado) is a public research university in Boulder, Colorado, United States.
See Abkhazia and University of Colorado Boulder
Unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board.
See Abkhazia and Unmanned aerial vehicle
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide.
See Abkhazia and Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Upper Abkhazia
Upper Abkhazia (ზემო აფხაზეთი, romanized: Zemo Apxazeti; Apsny xyxjtwj), commonly known by its administrative name, Azhara Municipality is a geographical term and municipality of the Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Upper Abkhazia
Vakhtang Kolbaia
Vakhtang Kolbaia (ვახტანგ ყოლბაია; born 9 September 1952) is a Georgian politician.
See Abkhazia and Vakhtang Kolbaia
Valeri Bganba
Valeri Ramshukhovich Bganba (Валерий Рамшухович Бганба; born 26 August 1954) is an Abkhazian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Abkhazia from 18 September 2018 to 23 April 2020 and as the acting President of Abkhazia from 13 January to 23 April 2020.
See Abkhazia and Valeri Bganba
Vanuatu
Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu; Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country in Melanesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean.
Vasily Bartold
Vasily Vladimirovich Bartold (Васи́лий Влади́мирович Барто́льд; – 19 August 1930), who published in the West under his German baptism name, Wilhelm Barthold, was a Russian orientalist who specialized in the history of Islam and the Turkic peoples (Turkology).
See Abkhazia and Vasily Bartold
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.
Veryovkina Cave
Veryovkina Cave (also spelled Verëvkina Cave) is a cave in Abkhazia, internationally recognized as part of Georgia.
See Abkhazia and Veryovkina Cave
Viacheslav Chirikba
Viacheslav Chirikba is a linguist and politician from Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and Viacheslav Chirikba
Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; – 25 March 1966) was a Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Laz people, Lurs, and Kurds.
See Abkhazia and Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.
See Abkhazia and Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Socor
Vladimir Socor (born 3 August 1945 in Bucharest at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan) is a Romanian-American political analyst of East European affairs for the Jamestown Foundation and its Eurasia Daily Monitor, currently residing in Munich, Germany.
See Abkhazia and Vladimir Socor
Vladislav Ardzinba
don't want to be part of our country, we will simply drive them out.
See Abkhazia and Vladislav Ardzinba
Volcanic crater lake
A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption.
See Abkhazia and Volcanic crater lake
Voronezh
Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River.
War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
The War in Abkhazia was fought between Georgian government forces for the most part and Abkhaz separatist forces, Russian government armed forces and North Caucasian militants between 1992 and 1993.
See Abkhazia and War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
Zugdidi
Zugdidi (ზუგდიდი; ზუგდიდი or ზუგიდი) is a city in the western Georgian historical province of Samegrelo (Mingrelia).
Zugdidi Municipality
Zugdidi (ზუგდიდის მუნიციპალიტეტი) is a Municipality of Georgia, in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.
See Abkhazia and Zugdidi Municipality
Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia (ზვიად კონსტანტინეს ძე გამსახურდია; Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; 31 March 1939 – 31 December 1993) was a Georgian politician, human rights activist, dissident, professor of English language studies and American literature at Tbilisi State University, and writer who became the first democratically-elected President of Georgia in May 1991.
See Abkhazia and Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1989 Sukhumi riots
The Sukhumi riot was a riot in Sukhumi, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, in July 1989, triggered by an increasing inter-ethnic tensions between the Abkhaz and Georgian communities and followed by several days of street fighting and civil unrest in Sukhumi and throughout Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and 1989 Sukhumi riots
1991 Georgian independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in the Republic of Georgia on 31 March 1991.
See Abkhazia and 1991 Georgian independence referendum
1991 Soviet Union referendum
A referendum on the future of the Soviet Union was held on 17 March 1991 across the Soviet Union.
See Abkhazia and 1991 Soviet Union referendum
1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état
The 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, also known as the Tbilisi War, or the Putsch of 1991–1992, was an internal military conflict that took place in the newly independent Republic of Georgia following the fall of the Soviet Union, from 22 December 1991 to 6 January 1992.
See Abkhazia and 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état
2004 Abkhazian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Abkhazia on 3 October 2004, the first that were competitive.
See Abkhazia and 2004 Abkhazian presidential election
2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy
The 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy began when the Government of Georgia arrested four Russian officers on charges of espionage, on September 27, 2006.
See Abkhazia and 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy
2007 Georgia helicopter incident
The 2007 Georgia helicopter incident refers to the accusation by Georgia that three Russian helicopters fired on the Kodori Gorge in Abkhazia on 11 March 2007.
See Abkhazia and 2007 Georgia helicopter incident
2009 Abkhazian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Abkhazia on 12 December 2009, the fourth such elections since the post of President of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia was created in 1994.
See Abkhazia and 2009 Abkhazian presidential election
2011 Abkhazian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Abkhazia on 26 August 2011.
See Abkhazia and 2011 Abkhazian presidential election
2014 Abkhazian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Republic of Abkhazia on 24 August 2014.
See Abkhazia and 2014 Abkhazian presidential election
2017 Abkhazian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Abkhazia in the spring of 2017.
See Abkhazia and 2017 Abkhazian parliamentary election
2021 Abkhazia unrest
The 2021 Abkhazia unrest took place In December 2021.
See Abkhazia and 2021 Abkhazia unrest
49th Combined Arms Army
The 49th Combined Arms Army (49-я общевойсковая армия) is a combined arms (field) army (CAA) of the Russian Ground Forces, formed in 2010 and headquartered in Stavropol.
See Abkhazia and 49th Combined Arms Army
7th Military Base
The 7th Military Base (7-тәи урыстәылатәи аруаа реиҳабыра риашара) is a sizable overseas military base of the Russian Armed Forces stationed in Bombora in the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia.
See Abkhazia and 7th Military Base
See also
Autonomous republics of Georgia (country)
Caucasus
- Abkhazia
- Alazani
- Aqsaqal
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline
- Black Garden
- Caucasian Journey
- Caucasian Review of International Affairs
- Caucasian wisent
- Caucasology
- Caucasus
- Caucasus Mountains
- Caucasus Nature Fund
- Caucasus Research Resource Centers
- Caucasus mixed forests
- Chechnya
- Georgia (country)
- History of the Caucasus
- Ingushetia
- International North–South Transport Corridor
- Kavkaz
- Kodori (river)
- Kumykia
- Marie Bennigsen-Broxup
- Meskheti
- Mingrelia
- Mouflon
- North Caucasus
- Peoples of the Caucasus
- R217 highway (Russia)
- Sakeni (river)
- Saray-Gora
- Shirvan Domes
- Sosruko
- South Caucasus
- South Caucasus Pipeline
- Svaneti
- The Caucasian Chalk Circle
- Tlepsh
- Tusheti
Post-Soviet states
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Bush legs
- Business oligarch
- CIS Interparliamentary Assembly
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
- Collective Security Treaty Organization
- Commonwealth of Independent States
- Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states
- Eurasian Economic Union
- Eurasian economic integration
- Gagauz Republic
- Georgia (country)
- Kazakhstan
- Kurdish Republic of Lachin
- Kyrgyzstan
- LGBT rights in the post-Soviet states
- List of Russia international footballers born outside Russia
- List of Ukraine international footballers born outside Ukraine
- List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union
- Memorial (society)
- Mir (television company)
- Moldova
- National delimitation in the Soviet Union
- Near abroad
- Neo-Sovietism
- Operation Provide Hope
- Post-Soviet states
- Post-Soviet studies
- Republic of Artsakh
- Republics of the Soviet Union
- Russia
- Satellite state
- Shock therapy (economics)
- South Ossetia
- Soviet ruble
- State continuity of the Baltic states
- Supreme Council of Uzbekistan
- Tajikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Ukraine
- Uzbekistan
Separatism in Georgia (country)
- Abkhazia
- Aitaira
- Russian-occupied territories
- Russian-occupied territories in Georgia
- South Ossetia
- United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
South Caucasus
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Georgia (country)
- Republic of Artsakh
- South Caucasus
- South Ossetia
- Transcaucasian Highway
- Transcaucasian mole vole
States with limited recognition
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- China
- Cook Islands
- Israel
- Kosovo
- List of states with limited recognition
- Niue
- North Korea
- Northern Cyprus
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Somaliland
- South Korea
- South Ossetia
- State of Palestine
- Taiwan
- Transnistria
West Asia
- Abkhazia
- Arab world
- Arabian Peninsula
- Belad Bechara
- Caucasus
- Caucasus Mountains
- Economy of West Asia
- Greater Iran
- History of West Asia
- History of the Caucasus
- Indian Ocean
- Iraqi diaspora in West Asia
- Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip
- Israeli-occupied territories
- Kurdistan
- List of World Heritage Sites in Western Asia
- List of television stations in West Asia
- Menaca
- Middle East
- Palestinian territories
- Sinai Peninsula
- South Caucasus
- Sunni Triangle
- West Asia
- West Asian Athletics Championships
West Asian countries
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Egypt
- Georgia (country)
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Middle Eastern countries
- Northern Cyprus
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- South Ossetia
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia
Also known as Abchasia, Abhasia, Abhazia, Abhkazia, Abkazia, Abkhasia, Abkhazeti, Abkhazia (region), Abkhazia AR, Abkhazia Province, Ottoman Empire, Abkhazian Republic, Abkhazis, Abkhaziya, Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika, Aphsny, Apkhazeti, Apsny, Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Bibliography of Abkhazia, Communications in Abkhazia, Demography of Abkhazia, Languages of Abkhazia, List of rivers of Abkhazia, Republic of Abkhazia, The Republic of Abkhazia, , Аҧсны, Аҧсны Аҳәынҭқарра, Республика Абхазия.
, Bloomberg L.P., Bolsheviks, Budapest, Byzantine Empire, Bzyb (river), Bzyb Range, Caucasian Knot, Caucasus Mountains, Chechens, Christianity, Circassian genocide, Circassians, Civil Georgia, Classics, CNN, Colchis, Commonwealth of Independent States, Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union), Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, CONIFA World Football Cup, Constituent Assembly of Georgia, Cossacks, Crimean War, Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union, De facto currency, Democratic Republic of Georgia, Diplomatic recognition, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Gulia, Dmitry Medvedev, Eastern Europe, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eduard Shevardnadze, Egypt, Emblem of Abkhazia, Emzar Kvitsiani, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopædia Britannica, Endangered language, Enguri, Enguri Dam, Eristavi, Estonians in Abkhazia, Ethnic cleansing, Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia, Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Sukhumi, Ethnonym, European Council, European Union, European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia, Fazil Iskander, Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal republic, Fighter aircraft, First Council of Nicaea, Flag of Abkhazia, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Freedom House, Frozen conflict, Gagra District, Gali (town), Gali District, Abkhazia, Georgia (country), Georgia–Russia relations, Georgian Civil War, Georgian language, Georgian sea blockade of Abkhazia, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgians, Glacier, Gori Municipality, Government of Georgia (country), Government of Russia, Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Government of the Republic of Abkhazia, Government-in-exile, Great Purge, Greek language, Greeks, Greensboro, North Carolina, Greenwood Publishing Group, Gudauta, Gudauta District, Gulripshi District, Gumista River, HALO Trust, Hazelnut, Height above mean sea level, Helicopter, Hellanicus of Lesbos, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Hornbeam, House of Sharvashidze, Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi, Human Rights Watch, Internally displaced person, International Crisis Group, International law, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Irakli Alasania, Irreligion, Islam, Istanbul, Javier Solana, Jehovah's Witnesses, Joseph Kobzon, Joseph Stalin, Jurisdiction, Kandid Charkviani, Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Sharvashidze, KGB, Khazars, Kingdom of Abkhazia, Kingdom of Georgia, Kingdom of Imereti, Kodori (river), Kodori Valley, Kommersant, Kosovo independence precedent, Kutaisi, Kutaisi Governorate, Lado Gurgenidze, Lake Ritsa, Land of Darkness, Lavrentiy Beria, Laz language, Lazic War, Lazica, Leon I of Abkhazia, Leon II of Abkhazia, Leonti Mroveli, Leselidze (town), Lisbon, List of states with limited recognition, London School of Economics, Marwan II, Mass media in Abkhazia, Microsoft Word, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail, Prince of Abkhazia, Mikheil Saakashvili, Mingrelian language, Mingrelians, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, Mirian of Kakheti, Monaco, Mongol Empire, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Moskovskij Komsomolets, Most Holy Synod, Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Multiple citizenship, Nart saga, National Guard of Georgia, NATO, Nauru, New Athos, New religious movement, NEWSru, Nicaragua, Nicopsis, Nino Burjanadze, Non-governmental organization, North Caucasus, Oak, Ochamchira District, Ochamchire, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Okrug, Old Church Slavonic, OpenDemocracy, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Ossetians, Otagho II Sharvashidze, Ottoman Empire, Outline of Abkhazia, Outlook (Indian magazine), Parliament of Georgia, Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, People's Assembly of Abkhazia, Perestroika, Periglaciation, Peter Semneby, Pitsunda, Pliny the Elder, Pogrom, Politico, Politics of Vanuatu, Precipitation, President (government title), President of Abkhazia, President of Georgia, Presidential system, Prime Minister of Abkhazia, Principality, Principality of Abkhazia, Principality of Iberia, Psou, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Raion, Raul Khajimba, Red Army invasion of Georgia, Republic, Republic of Artsakh, Republics of the Soviet Union, Reservist, Richard Lugar, Roman Empire, Romani people, Rose Revolution, Ruble, Russia, Russian Armed Forces, Russian citizenship law, Russian Empire, Russian language, Russian Naval Infantry, Russian Revolution, Russian ruble, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian-occupied territories in Georgia, Russians, Russification, Russo-Circassian War, Russo-Georgian War, Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Samurzakano, Sasanian Empire, Schengen Area, Security Council of Russia, Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze, Sergei Bagapsh, Shamil Basayev, Simon the Zealot, Sochi, Sochi agreement, Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia, South Caucasus, South Ossetia, Sovereign state, Soviet passport, Soviet Union, Spoken language, Sport in Abkhazia, Stanislav Lakoba, State Ministry for Reconciliation and Civic Equality of Georgia, Stephanus of Byzantium, Strabo, Sukhumi, Sukhumi District, Sunni Islam, Svan language, Svans, Svante Cornell, Syria, Syrian civil war, Tamar of Georgia, Tamaz Nadareishvili, Tangerine, TASS, Tatars, Tbilisi, Tedo Sakhokia, Telephone numbers in Abkhazia, Telephone numbers in Russia, Tengiz Kitovani, Territorial integrity, The Georgian Chronicles, The New York Times, The Times, Titular nation, Tkvarcheli District, Tourism in Abkhazia, Transnistria, Tskhinvali, Tsotne Dadiani, Tumen (unit), Turkish people, Tuvalu, Ukrainians, Umbrella organization, Union State, United Kingdom, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716, United Nations Volunteers, United Press International, United States Agency for International Development, United States Department of State, University of Colorado Boulder, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Upper Abkhazia, Vakhtang Kolbaia, Valeri Bganba, Vanuatu, Vasily Bartold, Venezuela, Veryovkina Cave, Viacheslav Chirikba, Vladimir Minorsky, Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Socor, Vladislav Ardzinba, Volcanic crater lake, Voronezh, War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), West Asia, Zugdidi, Zugdidi Municipality, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, 1989 Sukhumi riots, 1991 Georgian independence referendum, 1991 Soviet Union referendum, 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, 2004 Abkhazian presidential election, 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy, 2007 Georgia helicopter incident, 2009 Abkhazian presidential election, 2011 Abkhazian presidential election, 2014 Abkhazian presidential election, 2017 Abkhazian parliamentary election, 2021 Abkhazia unrest, 49th Combined Arms Army, 7th Military Base.