Abortion debate, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 218 relations: Abortion, Abortion Act 1967, Abortion in Argentina, Abortion in Brazil, Abortion in Poland, Abortion in the United States, Abortion law, Abortion statistics in the United States, Abortion-rights movements, American Civil Liberties Union, American Journal of Public Health, Andrea Smith (academic), Anencephaly, Angus Reid (entrepreneur), Anthony Kenny, Anti-abortion movements, Antonin Scalia, Argentina, Argentine Senate, Barack Obama, BBC, Begging the question, Beginning of human personhood, Bill Clinton, Born alive rule, Brian Mulroney, British Medical Association, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Catholic Church, Charles Taylor (philosopher), China, Church of England, Civil and political rights, Colombia, Coma, Communication, Conscience clause in medicine in the United States, Consciousness, Consistent life ethic, Constitutional Tribunal (Poland), Criminal negligence, Data set, Dehumanization, Disability, Discrimination, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, Dobson (Litigation guardian of) v Dobson, Doctor–patient relationship, Dominican Republic, Donald Trump, ... Expand index (168 more) »

2. Personhood

Abortion

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.

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Abortion Act 1967

The Abortion Act 1967 (c. 87) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that legalised abortion in Great Britain on certain grounds by registered practitioners, and regulated the tax-paid provision of such medical practices through the National Health Service (NHS).

See Abortion debate and Abortion Act 1967

Abortion in Argentina

Abortion in Argentina is legal as an elective medical procedure during the first 14 weeks from conception.

See Abortion debate and Abortion in Argentina

Abortion in Brazil

Abortion in Brazil is a crime, with penalties of one to three years of imprisonment for the recipient of the abortion, and one to four years of imprisonment for the doctor or any other person who performs the abortion on someone else.

See Abortion debate and Abortion in Brazil

Abortion in Poland

Abortion in Poland is illegal except in cases where the pregnancy is a result of a criminal act or when the woman's life or health is in danger.

See Abortion debate and Abortion in Poland

Abortion in the United States

Abortion is a divisive issue in the United States.

See Abortion debate and Abortion in the United States

Abortion law

Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time.

See Abortion debate and Abortion law

Abortion statistics in the United States

Both the Guttmacher Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regularly report abortion statistics in the United States.

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Abortion-rights movements

Abortion-rights movements are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion.

See Abortion debate and Abortion-rights movements

American Civil Liberties Union

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an American nonprofit human rights organization founded in 1920.

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American Journal of Public Health

The American Journal of Public Health is a monthly peer-reviewed public health journal published by the American Public Health Association that covers health policy and public health.

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Andrea Smith (academic)

Andrea Lee Smith is an American academic, feminist, and activist.

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Anencephaly

Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development.

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Angus Reid (entrepreneur)

Angus Reid (born December 17, 1947) is a Canadian entrepreneur, pollster, and sociologist.

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Anthony Kenny

Sir Anthony John Patrick Kenny (born 16 March 1931) is a British philosopher whose interests lie in the philosophy of mind, ancient and scholastic philosophy, the philosophy of religion, and the philosophy of Wittgenstein of whose literary estate he is an executor.

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Anti-abortion movements

Anti-abortion movements, also self-styled as pro-life movements, are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality.

See Abortion debate and Anti-abortion movements

Antonin Scalia

Antonin Gregory Scalia (March 11, 1936 – February 13, 2016) was an American jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2016.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Argentine Senate

The Honorable Senate of the Argentine Nation (Honorable Senado de la Nación Argentina) is the upper house of the National Congress of Argentina.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Begging the question

In classical rhetoric and logic, begging the question or assuming the conclusion (Latin: petītiō principiī) is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion.

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Beginning of human personhood

The beginning of human personhood is the moment when a human is first recognized as a person. Abortion debate and beginning of human personhood are personhood.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Born alive rule

The born alive rule is a common law legal principle that holds that various criminal laws, such as homicide and assault, apply only to a child that is "born alive".

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Brian Mulroney

Martin Brian Mulroney (March 20, 1939 – February 29, 2024) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993.

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British Medical Association

The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom.

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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Charte canadienne des droits et libertés), often simply referred to as the Charter in Canada, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada, forming the first part of the Constitution Act, 1982.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Charles Taylor (philosopher)

Charles Margrave Taylor (born November 5, 1931) is a Canadian philosopher from Montreal, Quebec, and professor emeritus at McGill University best known for his contributions to political philosophy, the philosophy of social science, the history of philosophy, and intellectual history.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies.

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Civil and political rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.

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Coma

A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions.

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Communication

Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information.

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Conscience clause in medicine in the United States

Conscience clauses are legal clauses attached to laws in some parts of the United States and other countries which permit pharmacists, physicians, and/or other providers of health care not to provide certain medical services for reasons of religion or conscience.

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Consciousness

Consciousness, at its simplest, is awareness of internal and external existence.

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Consistent life ethic

The consistent life ethic (CLE), also known as the consistent ethic of life or whole life ethic, is an ideology that opposes abortion, capital punishment, assisted suicide, and euthanasia.

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Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)

The Constitutional Tribunal (Trybunał Konstytucyjny) is the constitutional court of the Republic of Poland, a judicial body established to resolve disputes on the constitutionality of the activities of state institutions; its main task is to supervise the compliance of statutory law with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.

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Criminal negligence

In criminal law, criminal negligence is an offence that involves a breach of an objective standard of behaviour expected of a defendant.

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Data set

A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data.

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Dehumanization

Dehumanization is the denial of full humanity in others along with the cruelty and suffering that accompany it.

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Disability

Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society.

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Discrimination

Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, religion, physical attractiveness or sexual orientation.

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Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion.

See Abortion debate and Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

Dobson (Litigation guardian of) v Dobson

Dobson (Litigation guardian of) v Dobson, 2 SCR 753 was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on a pregnant woman's legal duties in tort law.

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Doctor–patient relationship

The doctor–patient relationship is a central part of health care and the practice of medicine.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a North American country on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

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Doubleday (publisher)

Doubleday is an American publishing company.

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Down syndrome

Down syndrome (United States) or Down's syndrome (United Kingdom and other English-speaking nations), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.

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Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

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English law

English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.

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Ensoulment

In religion and philosophy, ensoulment is the moment at which a human or other being gains a soul.

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Equal Protection Clause

The Equal Protection Clause is part of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Essence

Essence (essentia) has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts.

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Estrogen

Estrogen (oestrogen; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

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Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.

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Euthanasia

Euthanasia (from lit: label + label) is the practice of intentionally ending life to eliminate pain and suffering.

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Evangelicalism

Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.

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Family planning

Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have, including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them.

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Federalist

The term federalist describes several political beliefs around the world.

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Feminists for Life

Feminists for Life of America (FFL) is a non-profit, anti-abortion feminist, non-governmental organization (NGO).

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Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.

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Fetal rights

Fetal rights are the moral rights or legal rights of the human fetus under natural and civil law. Abortion debate and Fetal rights are personhood.

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Fetal viability

Fetal viability is the ability of a human fetus to survive outside the uterus.

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Fetus

A fetus or foetus (fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring that develops from a mammal embryo.

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Foeticide

Foeticide (British English), or feticide (North American English), is the act of killing a fetus, or causing a miscarriage.

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Forced abortion

Forced abortion is a form of reproductive coercion that refers to the act of compelling a woman to undergo termination of a pregnancy against her will or without explicit consent.

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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

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Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights.

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In the social sciences, framing comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups, and societies organize, perceive, and communicate about reality.

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Freakonomics

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything is the debut non-fiction book by University of Chicago economist Steven Levitt and New York Times journalist Stephen J. Dubner.

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Fundamental rights

Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by a high degree of protection from encroachment.

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George Akerlof

George Arthur Akerlof (born June 17, 1940) is an American economist and a university professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Koshland Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Gloria Feldt

Gloria Feldt (born April 13, 1942) is an American author, speaker, commentator, and feminist activist who gained recognition as a social and political advocate of women's rights.

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Gonzales v. Carhart

Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.

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Guilford Press

Guilford Press or Guilford Publications, Inc. is a New York City-based independent publisher founded in 1973 that specializes in publishing books and journals in psychology, psychiatry, the behavioral sciences, education, geography, and research methods.

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Guttmacher Institute

The Guttmacher Institute is a research and policy NGO that aims to improve sexual health and expand reproductive rights worldwide.

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Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus (from Medieval Latin) is a recourse in law by which a report can be made to a court in the events of unlawful detention or imprisonment, requesting that the court order the person's custodian (usually a prison official) to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether their detention is lawful.

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Homeostasis

In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

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House of Commons of Canada

The House of Commons of Canada (Chambre des communes du Canada) is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada.

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Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

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Human overpopulation

Human overpopulation (or human population overshoot) describes a concern that human populations may become too large to be sustained by their environment or resources in the long term.

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Human population planning

Human population planning is the practice of managing the growth rate of a human population.

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Ignatius Press

Ignatius Press is a Catholic theological publishing house based in San Francisco, California, in the United States.

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Incest

Incest is human sexual activity between family members or close relatives.

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Individuation

The principle of individuation, or principium individuationis, describes the manner in which a thing is identified as distinct from other things. Abortion debate and individuation are personhood.

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Infanticide

Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring.

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Intersubjectivity

In philosophy, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, intersubjectivity is the relation or intersection between people's cognitive perspectives.

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JAMA

JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.

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Jeremiah 1

Jeremiah 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.

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John T. Noonan Jr.

John Thomas Noonan Jr. (October 24, 1926 – April 17, 2017) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

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Judicial activism

Judicial activism is a judicial philosophy holding that courts can and should go beyond the applicable law to consider broader societal implications of their decisions.

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Judith Jarvis Thomson

Judith Jarvis Thomson (October 4, 1929November 20, 2020) was an American philosopher who studied and worked on ethics and metaphysics.

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Kidney dialysis

Kidney dialysis (from Greek,, 'dissolution'; from,, 'through', and,, 'loosening or splitting') is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally.

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Kidney failure

Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible.

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Lactation

Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.

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Late termination of pregnancy

Late termination of pregnancy, also referred to politically as third trimester abortion, describes the termination of pregnancy by inducing labor during a late stage of gestation.

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Law of the United States

The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the nation's Constitution, which prescribes the foundation of the federal government of the United States, as well as various civil liberties.

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Legal protection of access to abortion

Governments sometimes take measures designed to afford legal protection of access to abortion.

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Legalized abortion and crime effect

A theory regarding the effect of legalized abortion on crime (often referred to as the Donohue–Levitt hypothesis) is a controversial hypothesis about the reduction in crime in the decades following the legalization of abortion.

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Liberty

Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.

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Loaded language

Loaded language is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations.

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Luke 1

Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Majority opinion

In law, a majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court.

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Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Manslaughter

Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder.

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Marshall Medoff

Marshall Hilary Medoff (January 8, 1945 in Chicago, Illinois – February 14, 2016) was an American economist who taught at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) and the University of California, Irvine.

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Mary Anne Warren

Mary Anne Warren (August 23, 1946 – August 9, 2010) was an American writer and philosophy professor, noted for her writings on the issue of abortion and animal rights.

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Maternal death

Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations.

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Matthew 1

Matthew 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.

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McGraw Hill Education

McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Medical privacy

Medical privacy, or health privacy, is the practice of maintaining the security and confidentiality of patient records.

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Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.

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Michel Foucault

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who also served as an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher.

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Mind

The mind is what thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, encompassing the totality of mental phenomena.

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Minor (law)

In law, a minor is someone under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which demarcates an underage individual from legal adulthood.

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Minors and abortion

Many jurisdictions have laws applying to minors and abortion.

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Morality

Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong).

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MSNBC

MSNBC (short for Microsoft NBC) is an American news-based television channel and website headquartered in New York City.

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Natural environment

The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

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Natural rights and legal rights

Some philosophers distinguish two types of rights, natural rights and legal rights.

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Neural oscillation

Neural oscillations, or brainwaves, are rhythmic or repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders.

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New Jersey Superior Court

The Superior Court is the state court in the U.S. state of New Jersey, with statewide trial and appellate jurisdiction.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.

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Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the United States Constitution addresses rights, retained by the people, that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.

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Offence against the person

In criminal law, the term offence against the person or crime against the person usually refers to a crime which is committed by direct physical harm or force being applied to another person.

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Oriental Orthodox Churches

The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 50 million members worldwide.

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Paper abortion

Paper abortion, also known as a financial abortion, male abortion or a statutory abortion, is the proposed ability of the biological father, before the birth of the child, to opt out of any rights, privileges, and responsibilities toward the child, including financial support.

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Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act

The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 ((HTML); *, from the U.S. Government Printing Office (PDF) PBA Ban) is a United States law prohibiting a form of late termination of pregnancy called "partial-birth abortion", referred to in medical literature as intact dilation and extraction.

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Person

A person (people or persons, depending on context) is a being who has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. Abortion debate and person are personhood.

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Personal identity

Personal identity is the unique numerical identity of a person over time.

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Personhood

Personhood is the status of being a person.

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Peter Singer

Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher who is Emeritus Ira W.

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Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Philosophical aspects of the abortion debate

The philosophical aspects of the abortion debate are logical arguments that can be made either in support of or in opposition to abortion.

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Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court upheld the right to have an abortion as established by the "essential holding" of Roe v. Wade (1973) and issued as its "key judgment" the restoration of the undue burden standard when evaluating state-imposed restrictions on that right.

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Policy

Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.

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Potential person

In philosophy and bioethics, potential (future) person (in plural, sometimes termed potential people) has been defined as an entity which is not currently a person but which is capable of developing into a person, given certain biologically and/or technically possible conditions. Abortion debate and potential person are personhood.

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Potter Stewart

Potter Stewart (January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985) was an American lawyer and judge who served as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1958 to 1981.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).

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Prenatal perception

Prenatal perception is the study of the extent of somatosensory and other types of perception during pregnancy.

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Prima facie

Prima facie is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight", or "based on first impression".

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Privacy

Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively.

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Privacy law

Privacy law is a set of regulations that govern the collection, storage, and utilization of personal information from healthcare, governments, companies, public or private entities, or individuals.

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Privacy laws of the United States

Privacy laws of the United States deal with several different legal concepts.

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Pro-choice and pro-life

Pro-choice and pro-life are terms of self-identification used by the two sides of the abortion debate: those who support access to abortion, and those who seek to restrict it, respectively.

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Psalm 139

Psalm 139 is the 139th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "O Lord, thou hast searched me, and known me".

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Public Religion Research Institute

The Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) is an American nonprofit, nonpartisan research and education organization that conducts public opinion polls on a variety of topics, specializing in the quantitative and qualitative study of political issues as they relate to religious values.

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R v Morgentaler

R v Morgentaler, 1 SCR 30 was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada which held that the abortion provision in the Criminal Code was unconstitutional because it violated women's rights under section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ("Charter") to security of the person.

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R v Sullivan (Canada)

R v Sullivan, 1 S.C.R. 489 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on negligence and whether a partially born fetus is a person.

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Rape

Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without their consent.

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Reason

Reason is the capacity of applying logic consciously by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth.

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Regency Enterprises

Regency Enterprises is an American-British-Luxembourgish entertainment company formed by Arnon Milchan.

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Reproductive rights

Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world.

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Right to life

The right to life is the belief that a human or other animal has the right to live and, in particular, should not be killed by another entity.

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Right to privacy

The right to privacy is an element of various legal traditions that intends to restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals.

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Rights

Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.

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Roe effect

The Roe effect is a hypothesis about the long-term effect of abortion on the political balance of the United States, which suggests that since supporters of the legalization of abortion cause the erosion of their own political base, the practice of abortion will eventually lead to the restriction or illegalization of abortion.

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Roe v. Wade

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973),.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) is a professional association based in London, United Kingdom.

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Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada.

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Self

In philosophy, the self is an individual's own being, knowledge, and values, and the relationship between these attributes.

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Self-awareness

In philosophy of self, self-awareness is the experience of one's own personality or individuality. Abortion debate and self-awareness are personhood.

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Senate of Canada

The Senate of Canada (Sénat du Canada) is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada.

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Shotgun wedding

A shotgun wedding is a wedding arranged in response to pregnancy resulting from premarital sex.

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Single parent

A single parent is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child.

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Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

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Slippery slope

In a slippery slope argument, a course of action is rejected because the slippery slope advocate believes it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends.

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Sorites paradox

The sorites paradox (sometimes known as the paradox of the heap) is a paradox that results from vague predicates.

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Soul

In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.

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Statistical significance

In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true.

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Stem cell controversy

The stem cell controversy concerns the ethics of research involving the development and use of human embryos.

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Steven Levitt

Steven David Levitt (born May 29, 1967) is an American economist and co-author of the best-selling book Freakonomics and its sequels (along with Stephen J. Dubner).

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Strict scrutiny

In U.S. constitutional law, when a law infringes upon a fundamental constitutional right, the court may apply the strict scrutiny standard.

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Subjective logic

Subjective logic is a type of probabilistic logic that explicitly takes epistemic uncertainty and source trust into account.

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Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)

The distinction between subjectivity and objectivity is a basic idea of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics.

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Substantive due process

Substantive due process is a principle in United States constitutional law that allows courts to establish and protect substantive laws and certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if they are unenumerated elsewhere in the U.S. Constitution.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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Teenage pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in a female adolescent under the age of 20.

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Thalamus

The thalamus (thalami; from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter on the lateral walls of the third ventricle forming the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain).

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The Atlantic

The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.

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The BMJ

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Group, which in turn is wholly-owned by the British Medical Association (BMA).

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe, also known locally as the Globe, is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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The Economic Journal

The Economic Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published on behalf of the Royal Economic Society by Oxford University Press.

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The Journal of Philosophy

The Journal of Philosophy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal on philosophy, founded in 1904 at Columbia University.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The New York Times Magazine

The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times.

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The Quarterly Journal of Economics

The Quarterly Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Oxford University Press for the Harvard University Department of Economics.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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The Yale Law Journal

The Yale Law Journal (YLJ) is a student-run law review affiliated with the Yale Law School.

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Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas (Aquino; – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Toledot

Toledot, Toldot, Toldos, or Toldoth (—Hebrew for "generations" or "descendants," the second word and the first distinctive word in the parashah) is the sixth weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.

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Tremblay v Daigle

Tremblay v Daigle 2 S.C.R. 530, was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in which it was found that a fetus has no legal status in Canada as a person, either in Canadian common law or in Quebec civil law.

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Twin

Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.

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Unintended pregnancy

Unintended pregnancies are pregnancies that are mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception, also known as unplanned pregnancies.

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United States Bill of Rights

The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability

The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the main investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.

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University of California Press

The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

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Unsafe abortion

An unsafe abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by people lacking the necessary skills, or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards, or both.

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Utilitarianism

In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.

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Vatican City

Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked sovereign country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy.

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Ventilator

A ventilator is a type of breathing apparatus, a class of medical technology that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.

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Vice (magazine)

Vice (stylized in all caps) is a Canadian-American magazine focused on lifestyle, arts, culture, and news/politics.

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Washington Monument

The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, a Founding Father of the United States, victorious commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783 in the American Revolutionary War, and the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

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See also

Personhood

• Abortion debate
• Agency (philosophy)
• Artificial intelligence
• Beginning of human personhood
• Corporate personhood
• Electronic persons
• Environmental personhood
• Fetal rights
• Great ape personhood
• Human rights in Dubai
• Hypatia transracialism controversy
• Individual
• Individuation
• Moral agency
• Natural person
• Non-human
• North Dakota HB 1572
• Person
• Personalism
• Personhood
• Personism
• Potential person
• Prosopon
• Respect for persons
• Section Eleven of the Constitution of South Africa
• Self-awareness
• Sentience
• Theistic personalism
• Vegetative state
• Vicariousness

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_debate

Also known as A woman's right to choose, Abortion argument, Abortion controversy, Abortion ethics, Abortion issue, Abortion rights violence, Abortion, legal and moral issues, Antichoice, Arguments against the right to abortion, Criticism of abortion, Ethical aspects of abortion, Ethics of abortion, Justifiable abortion, Morality and legality of abortion, Morality legality of abortion, Morality of abortion, Politics of abortion, Pro-Birth, Pro-choice debate, Pro-coercion, Pro-life tactics, Right to life debate, Slogan: A woman's right to choose, Slogan:A women's right to choose, The morality of abortion, Violence against supporters of abortion rights, Woman's right to choose, Women's right to choose.

, Doubleday (publisher), Down syndrome, Eastern Orthodox Church, El Salvador, Embryo, English law, Ensoulment, Equal Protection Clause, Essence, Estrogen, Eugenics, Euthanasia, Evangelicalism, Family planning, Federalist, Feminists for Life, Fertilisation, Fetal rights, Fetal viability, Fetus, Foeticide, Forced abortion, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Framing (social sciences), Freakonomics, Fundamental rights, George Akerlof, George W. Bush, Gloria Feldt, Gonzales v. Carhart, Guilford Press, Guttmacher Institute, Habeas corpus, Homeostasis, House of Commons of Canada, Human, Human overpopulation, Human population planning, Ignatius Press, Incest, Individuation, Infanticide, Intersubjectivity, JAMA, Jeremiah 1, John T. Noonan Jr., Judicial activism, Judith Jarvis Thomson, Kidney dialysis, Kidney failure, Lactation, Late termination of pregnancy, Law of the United States, Legal protection of access to abortion, Legalized abortion and crime effect, Liberty, Loaded language, Luke 1, Majority opinion, Malta, Manslaughter, Marshall Medoff, Mary Anne Warren, Maternal death, Matthew 1, McGraw Hill Education, Medical privacy, Metaphysics, Michel Foucault, Mind, Minor (law), Minors and abortion, Morality, MSNBC, Natural environment, Natural rights and legal rights, Neural oscillation, Neuroscience, New Jersey Superior Court, Nicaragua, Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Offence against the person, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Paper abortion, Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, Person, Personal identity, Personhood, Peter Singer, Philippines, Philosophical aspects of the abortion debate, Planned Parenthood v. Casey, Policy, Potential person, Potter Stewart, Pregnancy, Prenatal perception, Prima facie, Privacy, Privacy law, Privacy laws of the United States, Pro-choice and pro-life, Psalm 139, Public Religion Research Institute, R v Morgentaler, R v Sullivan (Canada), Rape, Reason, Regency Enterprises, Reproductive rights, Right to life, Right to privacy, Rights, Roe effect, Roe v. Wade, Ronald Reagan, Routledge, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Self, Self-awareness, Senate of Canada, Shotgun wedding, Single parent, Slavery, Slippery slope, Sorites paradox, Soul, Statistical significance, Stem cell controversy, Steven Levitt, Strict scrutiny, Subjective logic, Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), Substantive due process, Supreme Court of the United States, Taylor & Francis, Teenage pregnancy, Thalamus, The Atlantic, The BMJ, The Boston Globe, The Economic Journal, The Journal of Philosophy, The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Yale Law Journal, Thomas Aquinas, Time (magazine), Toledot, Tremblay v Daigle, Twin, Unintended pregnancy, United States Bill of Rights, United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, University of California Press, Unsafe abortion, Utilitarianism, Vatican City, Ventilator, Vice (magazine), Washington Monument, Washington, D.C., World Health Organization.