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Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, the Glossary

Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi (ابو زید احمد بن سهل بلخی) was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist.^[1]

81 relations: Abstinence, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, Afghanistan, Aggression, Ahmad ibn Sahl, Al-Fihrist, Al-Kindi, Al-Maqdisi, Anger, Anxiety, Avicenna, Baghdad, Balkh, Bloodletting, Cognition, Cognitive therapy, Depression (mood), Disease, Drug, Emergency, Emilie Savage-Smith, Emotion, Endogeny (biology), Exposure therapy, Failure, Fear, Fever, First aid, Fixation (psychology), Geography, Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world, Greater Khorasan, Grief, Hadith, Headache, Human body, Ibn al-Nadim, Ibn Hawqal, Islamic Golden Age, Istakhri, Joseph Wolpe, List of scientists in medieval Islamic world, Major depressive disorder, Mathematics, Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world, Medicine, Medicine in the medieval Islamic world, Mental disorder, Mental health, ... Expand index (31 more) »
10th-century Iranian geographers
10th-century Iranian mathematicians
10th-century Iranian physicians
850 births
934 deaths
9th-century Iranian mathematicians
9th-century Iranian physicians
Balkhi school
People from Balkh Province
Psychology in the medieval Islamic world

Abstinence

Abstinence is the practice of self-enforced restraint from indulging in bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure.

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Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: label),, often known as (al-)Razi or by his Latin name Rhazes, also rendered Rhasis, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age. Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and Abu Bakr al-Razi are 10th-century Iranian physicians, 9th-century Iranian physicians and psychology in the medieval Islamic world.

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Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi

ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbās al-Baghdadi (923–1023) (علي بن محمد بن العباس التوحيدي البغدادي) also known as Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (أبو حيان التوحيدي) was an Arab or Persian and one of the most influential intellectuals and thinkers of the 10th century.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

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Aggression

Aggression is a behavior aimed at opposing or attacking something or someone.

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Ahmad ibn Sahl

Ahmad ibn Sahl ibn Hashim (died 920) was an Iranian aristocrat who served the Saffarids and later the Samanids.

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Al-Fihrist

The (كتاب الفهرست) (The Book Catalogue) is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam compiled by Ibn al-Nadim (d.998).

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Al-Kindi

Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus) was an Arab Muslim polymath active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist.

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Al-Maqdisi

Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr (translit; 991), commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi (translit) or al-Muqaddasī (ٱلْمُقَدَّسِي) was a medieval Palestinian Arab geographer, author of Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm (The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions), as well as author of the book, Description of Syria (Including Palestine). Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and al-Maqdisi are Balkhi school.

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Anger

Anger, also known as wrath or rage, is an intense emotional state involving a strong uncomfortable and non-cooperative response to a perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.

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Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

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Avicenna

Ibn Sina (translit; – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

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Balkh

Balkh is a town in the Balkh Province of Afghanistan, about northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some south of the Amu Darya river and the Uzbekistan border.

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Bloodletting

Bloodletting (or blood-letting) is the withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease.

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Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Cognitive therapy

Cognitive therapy (CT) is a type of psychotherapy developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck.

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Depression (mood)

Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.

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Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

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Drug

A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect.

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Emergency

An emergency is an urgent, unexpected, and usually dangerous situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment and requires immediate action.

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Emilie Savage-Smith

Emilie Savage-Smith (born 20 August 1941) is an American-British historian of science known for her work on science in the medieval Islamic world and medicine in the medieval Islamic world.

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Emotion

Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.

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Endogeny (biology)

Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a living system such as an organism, tissue, or cell.

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Exposure therapy

Exposure therapy is a technique in behavior therapy to treat anxiety disorders.

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Failure

Failure is the social concept of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and is usually viewed as the opposite of success.

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Fear

Fear is an intensely unpleasant primal emotion in response to perceiving or recognizing a danger or threat.

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Fever

Fever or pyrexia in humans is a body temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus.

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First aid

First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive.

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Fixation (psychology)

Fixation (Fixierung) is a concept (in human psychology) that was originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits.

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Geography

Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.

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Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world

Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century).

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Greater Khorasan

Greater KhorāsānDabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed.

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Grief

Grief is the response to the loss of something deemed important, particularly to the loss of someone or some living thing that has died, to which a bond or affection was formed.

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Hadith

Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.

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Headache

Headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck.

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Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human being.

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Ibn al-Nadim

Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq an-Nadīm (ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also Ibn Abī Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the nasab (patronymic) Ibn an-Nadīm (ابن النديم; died 17 September 995 or 998), was an important Muslim bibliographer and biographer of Baghdad who compiled the encyclopedia Kitāb al-Fihrist (The Book Catalogue).

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Ibn Hawqal

Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (محمد أبو القاسمبن حوقل), also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled from AD 943 to 969. Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and Ibn Hawqal are Balkhi school.

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Islamic Golden Age

The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.

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Istakhri

Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Farisi al-Istakhri (آبو إسحاق إبراهيمبن محمد الفارسي الإصطخري) (also Estakhri, استخری, i.e. from the Iranian city of Istakhr, b. - d. 346 AH/AD 957) was a 10th-century travel author and Islamic geographer who wrote valuable accounts in Arabic of the many Muslim territories he visited during the Abbasid era of the Islamic Golden Age. Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and Istakhri are 10th-century Iranian geographers and Balkhi school.

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Joseph Wolpe

Joseph Wolpe (20 April 1915 in Johannesburg, South Africa – 4 December 1997 in Los Angeles) was a South African psychiatrist and one of the most influential figures in behavior therapy.

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List of scientists in medieval Islamic world

Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially medicine, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture as well as physics, economics, engineering and optics.

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Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world

Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built upon syntheses of Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta).

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health.

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Medicine in the medieval Islamic world

In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" Also known as "Arabian medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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Mental health

Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior.

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Michael Jan de Goeje

Michael Jan de Goeje (August 13, 1836 – May 17, 1909) was a Dutch orientalist focusing on Arabia and Islam.

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Mind

The mind is what thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, encompassing the totality of mental phenomena.

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Muhammad

Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.

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Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

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Muslims

Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.

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Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (مسند أحمد بن حنبل) is a collection of musnad hadith compiled by the Islamic scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. AH 241/AD 855) to whom the Hanbali fiqh (legislation) is attributed.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders.

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Neurosis

Neurosis (neuroses) is a term mainly used today by followers of Freudian thinking to describe mental disorders caused by past anxiety, often that has been repressed.

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function.

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Persians

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.

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Phobia

A phobia is an anxiety disorder, defined by an irrational, unrealistic, persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation.

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Physical disorder

Physical disorder (as a medical term) is a poorly defined term typically used in contrast to a mental disorder or a genetic disorder.

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Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.

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Politics

Politics is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status.

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Polymath

A polymath (lit; lit) or polyhistor (lit) is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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Psychology in the medieval Islamic world

Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs (Arabic: علمالنفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and psychiatry as well as psychosomatic medicine.

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Psychophysiology

Psychophysiology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, "breath, life, soul"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes.

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Psychosis

Psychosis is a condition of the mind or psyche that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.

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Psychosomatic medicine

Psychosomatic medicine is an interdisciplinary medical field exploring the relationships among social, psychological, behavioral factors on bodily processes and quality of life in humans and animals.

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Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

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Sadness

Sadness is an emotional pain associated with, or characterized by, feelings of disadvantage, loss, despair, grief, helplessness, disappointment and sorrow.

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Sahih al-Bukhari

(translit) is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Islam.

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Science

Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.

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Science and technology in Iran

Iran has made considerable advances in science and technology through education and training, despite international sanctions in almost all aspects of research during the past 30 years.

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Science in the medieval Islamic world

Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in Persia and beyond, spanning the period roughly between 786 and 1258.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.

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Soul

In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.

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