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Al-Battani, the Glossary

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī (محمد بن جابر بن سنان البتاني), usually called al-Battānī, a name that was in the past Latinized as Albategnius, (before 858929) was an astronomer, astrologer and mathematician, who lived and worked for most of his life at Raqqa, now in Syria.^[1]

146 relations: Abraham bar Hiyya, Abraham ibn Ezra, Abu as-Salt, Accuracy and precision, Al-Andalus, Al-Biruni, Al-Fihrist, Al-Qifti, Albategnius (crater), Aleppo, Alfonso X of Castile, Ali ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi, Almagest, American Philosophical Society, Angular diameter, Ankara University, Antioch, Apsis, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Astrology, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, Atmospheric refraction, Axial precession, Axial tilt, Baghdad, Banū Mūsā brothers, Bayard Dodge, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Bilad al-Sham, Bologna, Cambridge University Press, Carl Brockelmann, Carlo Alfonso Nallino, Catalans, Celestial equator, Chord (geometry), Christopher Clavius, Constellation, Copernican Revolution, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, Degree (angle), Dover Publications, Ecliptic, Edmond Halley, El Escorial, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Epithet, Equation of time, Equator, Equinox, ... Expand index (96 more) »
10th-century astrologers
10th-century astronomers
10th-century mathematicians
929 deaths
9th-century astrologers
9th-century astronomers
9th-century mathematicians
Astrologers of the medieval Islamic world
Astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate
Equinoxes
Mathematicians from the Abbasid Caliphate
People from Harran
Sabian scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate
Scientists who worked on qibla determination

Abraham bar Hiyya

Abraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi (– 1136 or 1145), also known as Abraham Savasorda, Abraham Albargeloni, and Abraham Judaeus, was a Catalan Jewish mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who resided in Barcelona, then in the County of Barcelona.

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Abraham ibn Ezra

Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (ר׳ אַבְרָהָם בֶּן מֵאִיר אִבְּן עֶזְרָא ʾAḇrāhām ben Mēʾīr ʾībən ʾĒzrāʾ, often abbreviated as; إبراهيمالمجيد ابن عزرا Ibrāhim al-Mājid ibn Ezra; also known as Abenezra or simply Ibn Ezra, 1089 / 1092 – 27 January 1164 / 23 January 1167)Jewish Encyclopedia; Chambers Biographical Dictionary gives the dates 1092/93 – 1167 was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages.

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Abu as-Salt

Abū aṣ‐Ṣalt Umayya ibn ʿAbd al‐ʿAzīz ibn Abī aṣ‐Ṣalt ad‐Dānī al‐Andalusī (October 23, 1134), known in Latin as Albuzale, was an Andalusian-Arab polymath who wrote about pharmacology, geometry, Aristotelian physics, and astronomy. Al-Battani and abu as-Salt are astronomers of the medieval Islamic world.

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Accuracy and precision

Accuracy and precision are two measures of observational error.

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Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Al-Biruni

Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (ابوریحان بیرونی; أبو الريحان البيروني; 973after 1050), known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. Al-Battani and al-Biruni are astronomers of the medieval Islamic world and scientists who worked on qibla determination.

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Al-Fihrist

The (كتاب الفهرست) (The Book Catalogue) is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam compiled by Ibn al-Nadim (d.998).

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Al-Qifti

Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abd al-Wahid al-Shaybānī (جمال الدين أبو الحسن علي بن يوسف بن ٳبراهي بن عبد الواحد الشيباني), called 'al-Qifṭī (القفطي; – 1248), was an Egyptian Arab historian, biographer, encyclopedist and administrator under the Ayyubid rulers of Aleppo.

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Albategnius (crater)

Albategnius is an ancient lunar impact crater located in the central highlands.

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Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.

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Alfonso X of Castile

Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284.

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Ali ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi

Alī ibn Aḥmad al-Nasawī (c. 1011 possibly in Khurasan – c. 1075 in Baghdad) was a Persian mathematician from Khurasan, Iran.

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Almagest

The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek.

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American Philosophical Society

The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach.

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Angular diameter

The angular diameter, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular distance describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view.

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Ankara University

Ankara University (Ankara Üniversitesi) is a public university in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey.

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Antioch

Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.

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Apsis

An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.

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Arabic Sciences and Philosophy

Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, subtitled A Historical Journal, is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press.

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Astrology

Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects.

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Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world

Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language.

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Atmospheric refraction

Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height.

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Axial precession

In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. Al-Battani and axial precession are Equinoxes.

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Axial tilt

In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, which is the line perpendicular to its orbital plane; equivalently, it is the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

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Banū Mūsā brothers

The three brothers Abū Jaʿfar, Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (before 803 – February 873); Abū al‐Qāsim, Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century) and Al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century), were Persian scholars who lived and worked in Baghdad. Al-Battani and Banū Mūsā brothers are 9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate, astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate, astronomers of the medieval Islamic world and mathematicians from the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Bayard Dodge

Bayard Dodge (1888–1972) was an American scholar of Islam and president of the American University in Beirut.

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Bibliothèque nationale de France

The ('National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand.

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Bilad al-Sham

Bilad al-Sham (Bilād al-Shām), often referred to as Islamic Syria or simply Syria in English-language sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region, in northern Italy.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Carl Brockelmann

Carl Brockelmann (17 September 1868 – 6 May 1956) German Semiticist, was the foremost orientalist of his generation.

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Carlo Alfonso Nallino

Carlo Alfonso Nallino (18 February 1872 – 25 July 1938) was an Italian orientalist.

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Catalans

Catalans (Catalan, French and Occitan: catalans; catalanes, Italian: catalani, cadelanos) are a Romance ethnic group native to Catalonia, who speak Catalan.

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Celestial equator

The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth.

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Chord (geometry)

A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "bowstring") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc.

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Christopher Clavius

Christopher Clavius, (25 March 1538 – 6 February 1612) was a Jesuit German mathematician, head of mathematicians at the, and astronomer who was a member of the Vatican commission that accepted the proposed calendar invented by Aloysius Lilius, that is known as the Gregorian calendar.

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Constellation

A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object.

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Copernican Revolution

The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

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De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (English translation: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) of the Polish Renaissance.

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Degree (angle)

A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is 360 degrees.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker.

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Ecliptic

The ecliptic or ecliptic plane is the orbital plane of Earth around the Sun.

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Edmond Halley

Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (–) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist.

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El Escorial

El Escorial, or the Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Monasterio y Sitio de El Escorial en Madrid), or italic, is a historical residence of the King of Spain located in the town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, up the valley (road distance) from the town of El Escorial and about northwest of the Spanish capital Madrid.

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Encyclopaedia of Islam

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.

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Epithet

An epithet, also a byname, is a descriptive term (word or phrase) commonly accompanying or occurring in place of the name of a real or fictitious person, place, or thing.

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Equation of time

The equation of time describes the discrepancy between two kinds of solar time.

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Equator

The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

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Equinox

A solar equinox is a moment in time when the Sun crosses the Earth's equator, which is to say, appears directly above the equator, rather than north or south of the equator. Al-Battani and equinox are Equinoxes.

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Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

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Folio

The term "folio" has three interconnected but distinct meanings in the world of books and printing: first, it is a term for a common method of arranging sheets of paper into book form, folding the sheet only once, and a term for a book made in this way; second, it is a general term for a sheet, leaf or page in (especially) manuscripts and old books; and third, it is an approximate term for the size of a book, and for a book of this size.

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Gale (publisher)

Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

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Geocentric model

In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, often exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center.

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Geometry

Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures.

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Geophysics

Geophysics is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis.

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Gerard of Abbeville

Gerard of Abbeville (1220-1272) was a theologian from the University of Paris.

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Gersonides

Levi ben Gershon (1288 – 20 April 1344), better known by his Graecized name as Gersonides, or by his Latinized name Magister Leo Hebraeus, or in Hebrew by the abbreviation of first letters as RaLBaG, was a medieval French Jewish philosopher, Talmudist, mathematician, physician and astronomer/astrologer.

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Giovanni Battista Riccioli

Giovanni Battista Riccioli, SJ (17 April 1598 – 25 June 1671) was an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order.

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Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world.

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Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi

Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi (766d. after 869 in Samarra, modern Iraq) was a Persian astronomer, geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan, who was the first to describe the trigonometric ratios tangent, and cotangent. Al-Battani and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi are astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate, astronomers of the medieval Islamic world, mathematicians from the Abbasid Caliphate and scientists who worked on qibla determination.

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Handy Tables

Ptolemy's Handy Tables (Procheiroi kanones) is a collection of astronomical tables that second century astronomer Ptolemy created after finishing the Almagest.

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Harran

Harran is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.

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Harrassowitz Verlag

Harrassowitz Verlag is a German academic publishing house, based in Wiesbaden.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

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Heliocentrism

Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe.

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Horoscope

A horoscope (or other commonly used names for the horoscope in English include natal chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, star-chart, cosmogram, vitasphere, radical chart, radix, chart wheel or simply chart) is an astrological chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth.

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House of Wisdom

The House of Wisdom (بَيْت الْحِكْمَة), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, was believed to be a major Abbasid-era public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad.

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Hunayn ibn Ishaq

Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (also Hunain or Hunein) (أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي; (808–873), known in Latin as Johannitius, was an influential Arab Nestorian Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist. During the apex of the Islamic Abbasid era, he worked with a group of translators, among whom were Abū 'Uthmān al-Dimashqi, Ibn Mūsā al-Nawbakhti, and Thābit ibn Qurra, to translate books of philosophy and classical Greek and Persian texts into Arabic and Syriac. Al-Battani and Hunayn ibn Ishaq are 9th-century Arab people and 9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate.

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I.B. Tauris

I.B. Tauris is an educational publishing house and imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.

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Ibn al-Kammad

Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn al‐Kammad (died 1195) was a Muslim Arab astronomer born in Seville, Al-Andalus.

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Ibn al-Nadim

Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq an-Nadīm (ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also Ibn Abī Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the nasab (patronymic) Ibn an-Nadīm (ابن النديم; died 17 September 995 or 998), was an important Muslim bibliographer and biographer of Baghdad who compiled the encyclopedia Kitāb al-Fihrist (The Book Catalogue). Al-Battani and ibn al-Nadim are 10th-century Arab people.

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Immanuel Bonfils

Immanuel ben Jacob Bonfils (c. 1300 – 1377) was a French-Jewish mathematician and astronomer in medieval times who flourished from 1340 to 1377, a rabbi who was a pioneer of exponential calculus and is credited with inventing the system of decimal fractions.

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Islamic Golden Age

The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.

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Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception).

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Julius Lippert (historian)

Julius Lippert (12 April 1839 – 12 November 1909) was an Austrian cultural historian and politician in Bohemia.

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Kushyar Gilani

Abul-Hasan Kūshyār ibn Labbān ibn Bashahri Daylami (971–1029), also known as Kūshyār Daylami (کوشیار دیلمی), was an Iranian mathematician, geographer, and astronomer from Daylam, south of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Al-Battani and Kushyar Gilani are astronomers of the medieval Islamic world.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Latinisation of names

Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a modern Latin style.

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List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars

Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following.

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Longitude

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body.

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Lunar craters

Lunar craters are impact craters on Earth's Moon.

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Lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened.

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MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive

The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive is a website maintained by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson and hosted by the University of St Andrews in Scotland.

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Maimonides

Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.

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March equinox

The March equinox or northward equinox is the equinox on the Earth when the subsolar point appears to leave the Southern Hemisphere and cross the celestial equator, heading northward as seen from Earth.

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Math Horizons

Math Horizons is a magazine aimed at undergraduates interested in mathematics, published by the Mathematical Association of America.

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Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world

Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built upon syntheses of Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta).

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Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

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Minute and second of arc

A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol, is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.

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Movable type

Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper.

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Multiplicative inverse

In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x−1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1.

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Mural instrument

A mural instrument is an angle measuring instrument mounted on or built into a wall.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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Nomenclature

Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

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Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.

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Orbit of the Moon

The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the Vernal Equinox and the stars in about 27.32 days (a tropical month and sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days (a synodic month).

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Orbital eccentricity

In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.

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Oriental studies

Oriental studies is the academic field that studies Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Plato Tiburtinus

Plato Tiburtinus (Plato Tiburtinus, "Plato of Tivoli"; fl. 12th century) was a 12th-century Italian mathematician, astronomer and translator who lived in Barcelona from 1116 to 1138.

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Polymath

A polymath (lit; lit) or polyhistor (lit) is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

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Qibla

The qibla (lit) is the direction towards the Kaaba in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca, which is used by Muslims in various religious contexts, particularly the direction of prayer for the salah.

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Quadrant (instrument)

A quadrant is an instrument used to measure angles up to 90°.

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Rabbi

A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.

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Raqqa

Raqqa (ar-Raqqah, also) is a city in Syria on the left bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.

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Regiomontanus

Johannes Müller von Königsberg (6 June 1436 – 6 July 1476), better known as Regiomontanus, was a mathematician, astrologer and astronomer of the German Renaissance, active in Vienna, Buda and Nuremberg.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Richard Dunthorne

Richard Dunthorne (1711 – 3 March 1775) was an English astronomer and surveyor, who worked in Cambridge as astronomical and scientific assistant to Roger Long (master of Pembroke Hall and Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry),Library of St John's College, Cambridge, 2008; and Philosophical Transactions (Abridgement Series) (1809).

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Right triangle

A right triangle or right-angled triangle, sometimes called an orthogonal triangle or rectangular triangle, is a triangle in which two sides are perpendicular forming a right angle (turn or 90 degrees).

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Robert of Ketton

Robert of Ketton, known in Latin as Rodbertus Ketenensis (1141–1157), was an English astronomer, translator, priest and diplomat active in Spain.

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Sabians

The Sabians, sometimes also spelled Sabaeans or Sabeans, are a mysterious religious group mentioned three times in the Quran (as الصابئون, in later sources الصابئة), where it is implied that they belonged to the 'People of the Book'.

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Said al-Andalusi

Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī, in full Abū al-Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn Abū al-Walīd Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid ibn ʿUthmān al-Taghlibi al-Qūrtūbi (صاعِدُ بنُ أحمدَ بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن صاعدٍ التَّغْلِبيُّ) (1029July 6, 1070 AD; 4206 Shawwal, 462 AH), was an Arab qadi of Toledo in al-Andalus, who wrote on the history of science, philosophy and thought.

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Salah

Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam.

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Samarra

Samarra (سَامَرَّاء) is a city in Iraq.

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September equinox

The September equinox (or southward equinox) is the moment when the Sun appears to cross the celestial equator, heading southward.

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Sine and cosine

In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.

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Solar eclipse

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of Earth, totally or partially.

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Solstice

A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere.

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Spherical trigonometry

Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions.

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Sundial

A sundial is a horological device that tells the time of day (referred to as civil time in modern usage) when direct sunlight shines by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky.

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Syriac language

The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.

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Tetrabiblos

Tetrabiblos (Τετράβιβλος), also known as Apotelesmatiká (Ἀποτελεσματικά) and in Latin as Quadripartitum, is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek during the 2nd century AD (AD 90– AD 168).

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Thābit ibn Qurra

Thābit ibn Qurra (full name:, أبو الحسن ثابت بن قرة بن زهرون الحراني الصابئ, Thebit/Thebith/Tebit; 826 or 836 – February 19, 901), was a polymath known for his work in mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and translation. Al-Battani and Thābit ibn Qurra are 9th-century astronomers, 9th-century mathematicians, 9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate, astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate, astronomers of the medieval Islamic world, mathematicians from the Abbasid Caliphate, people from Harran and Sabian scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Al-Battani and Thābit ibn Qurra

Trigonometric functions

In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.

See Al-Battani and Trigonometric functions

Trigonometry

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles.

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Triquetrum (astronomy)

The triquetrum (derived from the Latin tri- and quetrum) was the medieval name for an ancient astronomical instrument first described by Ptolemy in the Almagest (V. 12).

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Tropical year

A tropical year or solar year (or tropical period) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the sky – as viewed from the Earth or another celestial body of the Solar System – thus completing a full cycle of astronomical seasons.

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Tycho Brahe

Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe,; 14 December 154624 October 1601), generally called Tycho for short, was a Danish astronomer of the Renaissance, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations.

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United States Naval Observatory

The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is a scientific and military facility that produces geopositioning, navigation and timekeeping data for the United States Navy and the United States Department of Defense.

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University of Barcelona

The University of Barcelona (official name in Universitat de Barcelona, UB) is a public research university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.

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University of St Andrews

The University of St Andrews (Oilthigh Chill Rìmhinn; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a public university in St Andrews, Scotland.

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Urfa

Urfa, officially called Şanlıurfa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province.

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Vatican Library

The Vatican Apostolic Library (Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library.

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William McGuckin de Slane

William McGuckin (also Mac Guckin and MacGuckin), known as Baron de Slane (Belfast, Ireland, 12 August 1801 – Paris, France, 4 August 1878) was an Irish orientalist.

See Al-Battani and William McGuckin de Slane

Worship of heavenly bodies

The worship of heavenly bodies is the veneration of stars (individually or together as the night sky), the planets, or other astronomical objects as deities, or the association of deities with heavenly bodies.

See Al-Battani and Worship of heavenly bodies

Zij

A zij (zīj) is an Islamic astronomical book that tabulates parameters used for astronomical calculations of the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets.

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Zodiac

The zodiac is a belt-shaped region of the sky that extends approximately 8° north and south (as measured in celestial latitude) of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year.

See Al-Battani and Zodiac

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Battani

Also known as Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Jabir ibn Sinan al-Raqqi al-Harrani al-Sabi al-Battani, Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Jabir ibn Sinan al-Raqqi al-Harrani as-Sabi al-Battani, Abu Abdallah Mohammad ibn Jabir Al-Battani, Abu Allah al-Battani, Abu al- Battani, Abu al-Battani, Abu-'Abdullah Muhammad ibn-Jabir al-Battani, Abu-Abdullah Muhammad ibn Jabir Al-Battani, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān ar-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābi’ al-Battānī, Al Battani, Al-Batani, Al-Battani, Abu-Abdullah Muhammad ibn Jabir, Al-Battānī, Albategni, Albategnius, Albatenius, Battani, Bethem, Kitāb az-Zīj, Muhammad al-Battani, Muhammad ibn Jabir al-Battani, Muhammad ibn Jabir al-Harrani al-Battani, Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī, محمد بن جابر بن سنان البتاني.

, Euphrates, Folio, Gale (publisher), Galileo Galilei, Geocentric model, Geometry, Geophysics, Gerard of Abbeville, Gersonides, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Gregorian calendar, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, Handy Tables, Harran, Harrassowitz Verlag, Harvard University Press, Hebrew language, Heliocentrism, Horoscope, House of Wisdom, Hunayn ibn Ishaq, I.B. Tauris, Ibn al-Kammad, Ibn al-Nadim, Immanuel Bonfils, Islamic Golden Age, Istanbul, Johannes Kepler, Julian calendar, Julius Lippert (historian), Kushyar Gilani, Latin, Latinisation of names, List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars, Longitude, Lunar craters, Lunar eclipse, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, Maimonides, March equinox, Math Horizons, Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world, Mecca, Mesopotamia, Minute and second of arc, Movable type, Multiplicative inverse, Mural instrument, Nicolaus Copernicus, Nomenclature, Nuremberg, Orbit of the Moon, Orbital eccentricity, Oriental studies, Oxford University Press, Physicist, Plato Tiburtinus, Polymath, Ptolemy, Qibla, Quadrant (instrument), Rabbi, Raqqa, Regiomontanus, Renaissance, Richard Dunthorne, Right triangle, Robert of Ketton, Sabians, Said al-Andalusi, Salah, Samarra, September equinox, Sine and cosine, Solar eclipse, Solstice, Spherical trigonometry, Sundial, Syriac language, Tetrabiblos, Thābit ibn Qurra, Trigonometric functions, Trigonometry, Triquetrum (astronomy), Tropical year, Tycho Brahe, United States Naval Observatory, University of Barcelona, University of Cambridge, University of St Andrews, Urfa, Vatican Library, William McGuckin de Slane, Worship of heavenly bodies, Zij, Zodiac.

Al-Battani, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

10th-century astrologers