Alexander Cartellieri, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 338 relations: Abdication of Wilhelm II, Abitur, Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Aftermath of World War I, Aftermath of World War II, Alfred von Domaszewski, Allied-occupied Germany, Alsace–Lorraine, Angevin Empire, Angevin kings of England, Anglo-French War (1213–1214), Anschluss, Anti-communism, Anti-fascism, Antonio Casimir Cartellieri, Archaeology, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Armistice of 11 November 1918, Armistice of 22 June 1940, Arthur de Gobineau, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Baltiysk, Battle of Agincourt, Battle of Bouvines, Battle of France, Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Battle of Sedan, Battle of Stalingrad, Benedetto Croce, Berlin, Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer, Bernhard von Kugler, Bertolt Brecht, Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Black Sea, Bonn, Bregenz, Capetian dynasty, Catholic Church in Austria, Centre Party (Germany), Charles Darwin, Charles Petit-Dutaillis, Christoph Spering, Clemens von Delbrück, Clergy, Communist Party of Germany, Consul (representative), Creuzburg, ... Expand index (288 more) »

2. German bibliophiles
3. German book and manuscript collectors
4. Rectors of the University of Jena
5. Writers from Jena

Abdication of Wilhelm II

The abdication of Wilhelm II as German Emperor and King of Prussia was declared unilaterally by Chancellor Max von Baden at the height of the German revolution on 9 November 1918, two days before the end of World War I. It was formally affirmed by a written statement from Wilhelm on 28 November while he was in exile in Amerongen, the Netherlands.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Abdication of Wilhelm II

Abitur

Abitur, often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Abitur

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler's rise to power

Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919 when Hitler joined the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP; German Workers' Party).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Adolf Hitler's rise to power

Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging cultural, economic, and social change across Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Aftermath of World War I

Aftermath of World War II

The aftermath of World War II saw the rise of two superpowers, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Aftermath of World War II

Alfred von Domaszewski

Alfred von Domaszewski (October 30, 1856 – March 25, 1927) was an Austrian historian born in Timișoara in the Habsburg monarchy. Alexander Cartellieri and Alfred von Domaszewski are academic staff of Heidelberg University.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Alfred von Domaszewski

Allied-occupied Germany

The entirety of Germany was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the Berlin Declaration on 5 June 1945 to the establishment of West Germany on 23 May 1949.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Allied-occupied Germany

Alsace–Lorraine

Alsace–Lorraine (German: Elsaß–Lothringen), officially the Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß–Lothringen), was a former territory of the German Empire, located in modern day France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Alsace–Lorraine

Angevin Empire

The term Angevin Empire (Empire Plantagenêt) describes the possessions held by the House of Plantagenet during the 12th and 13th centuries, when they ruled over an area covering roughly all of present-day England, half of France, and parts of Ireland and Wales, and had further influence over much of the remaining British Isles.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Angevin Empire

Angevin kings of England

The Angevin kings of England ("from Anjou") were Henry II and his sons, Richard I and John, who ruled England from 1154 to 1216.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Angevin kings of England

Anglo-French War (1213–1214)

The Anglo-French War was a major medieval conflict that pitted the Kingdom of France against the Kingdom of England and various other states.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Anglo-French War (1213–1214)

Anschluss

The Anschluss (or Anschluß), also known as the Anschluß Österreichs (Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Anschluss

Anti-communism

Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Anti-communism

Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Anti-fascism

Antonio Casimir Cartellieri

Antonio Casimir Cartellieri (27 September 1772 – 2 September 1807) was a Polish-Austrian composer, violinist, conductor, and voice teacher.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Antonio Casimir Cartellieri

Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Archaeology

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Armistice of 11 November 1918

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice signed at Le Francport near Compiègne that ended fighting on land, at sea, and in the air in World War I between the Entente and their last remaining opponent, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Armistice of 11 November 1918

Armistice of 22 June 1940

The Armistice of 22 June 1940, sometimes referred to as the Second Armistice at Compiègne, was an agreement signed at 18:36 on 22 June 1940 near Compiègne, France by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Armistice of 22 June 1940

Arthur de Gobineau

Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat and anthropologist, who is best known for helping to legitimise racism by the use of scientific race theory and "racial demography", and for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and Nordicism.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Arthur de Gobineau

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was one of the key events that led to World War I. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Baltiysk

Baltiysk (Балти́йск; Pillau; Old Prussian: Pillawa; Piliava; Yiddish: פּילאַווע, Pilave) is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Baltiysk

Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt (Azincourt) was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Battle of Agincourt

Battle of Bouvines

The Battle of Bouvines was fought on 27 July 1214 near the town of Bouvines in the County of Flanders.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Battle of Bouvines

Battle of France

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Battle of France

Battle of Jena–Auerstedt

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older spelling: Auerstädt) were fought on 14 October 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale in today's Germany, between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Battle of Jena–Auerstedt

Battle of Sedan

The Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 1 to 2 September 1870.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Battle of Sedan

Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Battle of Stalingrad

Benedetto Croce

Benedetto Croce, OCI, COSML (25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Benedetto Croce

Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Berlin

Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer

Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer (24 January 1833, in Altenburg – 1 March 1901, in Heidelberg) was a German historian. Alexander Cartellieri and Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer are academic staff of Heidelberg University.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer

Bernhard von Kugler

Bernhard von Kugler (14 June 1837, Berlin – 7 April 1898, Tübingen) was a German historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bernhard von Kugler

Bertolt Brecht

Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bertolt Brecht

Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes

The Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes is a journal dedicated to the study and use of medieval manuscripts.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes

Bibliothèque nationale de France

The ('National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bibliothèque nationale de France

Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Black Sea

Bonn

Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bonn

Bregenz

Bregenz (Breagaz) is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost state of Austria.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Bregenz

Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty (Capétiens), also known as the "House of France", is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians and the Karlings.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Capetian dynasty

Catholic Church in Austria

The Catholic Church in Austria is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope in Rome.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Catholic Church in Austria

Centre Party (Germany)

The Centre Party (Zentrum), officially the German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei) and also known in English as the Catholic Centre Party, is a Christian democratic political party in Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Centre Party (Germany)

Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Charles Darwin

Charles Petit-Dutaillis

Charles Petit-Dutaillis (26 January 1868 – 10 July 1947) was a French medieval historian specializing in the history of the Middle Ages in France and England.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Charles Petit-Dutaillis

Christoph Spering

Christoph Spering (23 June 1959 in Simmern) is a German conductor of classical music, especially church music.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Christoph Spering

Clemens von Delbrück

Clemens Ernst Gottlieb von Delbrück (19 January 1856, in Halle an der Saale – 17 December 1921, in Jena) was a German conservative politician.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Clemens von Delbrück

Clergy

Clergy are formal leaders within established religions.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Clergy

Communist Party of Germany

The Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands,, KPD) was a major far-left political party in the Weimar Republic during the interwar period, an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany, and a minor party in West Germany during the postwar period until it was banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Communist Party of Germany

Consul (representative)

A consul is an official representative of a government who resides in a foreign country to assist and protect citizens of the consul's country, and to promote and facilitate commercial and diplomatic relations between the two countries.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Consul (representative)

Creuzburg

Creuzburg is a town and a former municipality on the Werra river in the Wartburgkreis in Thuringia, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Creuzburg

Denis Jean Achille Luchaire

Denis Jean Achille Luchaire (October 24, 1846November 14, 1908) was a French historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Denis Jean Achille Luchaire

Der Spiegel

(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Der Spiegel

Deutscher Historikertag

The Deutscher Historikertag (or, usually, just Historikertag; German Historians Conference) is one of the largest conventions of the humanities in Europe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Deutscher Historikertag

Die Tat

Die Tat (The Deed or The Action) was a German monthly publication of politics and culture.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Die Tat

Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire occurred de facto on 6 August 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, abdicated his title and released all Imperial states and officials from their oaths and obligations to the empire.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

Dortmund

Dortmund (Düörpm; Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the ninth-largest city in Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Dortmund

Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Dynasty

Early modern period

The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Early modern period

East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

See Alexander Cartellieri and East Germany

East Prussia

East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

See Alexander Cartellieri and East Prussia

Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Eastern Front (World War II)

Education reform

Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Education reform

Eighth Air Force

The Eighth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic) is a numbered air force (NAF) of the United States Air Force's Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Eighth Air Force

Elections in Germany

Elections in Germany include elections to the Bundestag (Germany's federal parliament), the Landtags of the various states, and local elections.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Elections in Germany

Elizabeth of Russia

Elizabeth or Elizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та Петро́вна) was Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Elizabeth of Russia

Emeritus

Emeritus (female version: emerita) is an honorary title granted to someone who retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus".

See Alexander Cartellieri and Emeritus

Emigration

Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Emigration

Enabling Act of 1933

The Enabling Act of 1933 (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz), officially titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich, was a law that gave the German Cabinet – most importantly, the Chancellor – the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or Weimar President Paul von Hindenburg, leading to the rise of Nazi Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Enabling Act of 1933

End of World War II in Europe

The final battles of the European theatre of World War II continued after the definitive surrender of Nazi Germany to the Allies, signed by Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel on 8 May 1945 (VE Day) in Karlshorst, Berlin.

See Alexander Cartellieri and End of World War II in Europe

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Alexander Cartellieri and England

Erfurt

Erfurt is the capital and largest city of the Central German state of Thuringia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Erfurt

Ernst Kantorowicz

Ernst Hartwig Kantorowicz (May 3, 1895 – September 9, 1963) was a German historian of medieval political and intellectual history and art, known for his 1927 book Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite on Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and The King's Two Bodies (1957) on medieval and early modern ideologies of monarchy and the state. Alexander Cartellieri and Ernst Kantorowicz are academic staff of Heidelberg University and German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Ernst Kantorowicz

Ernst Thälmann

Ernst Johannes Fritz Thälmann (16 April 1886 – 18 August 1944) was a German communist politician and leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) from 1925 to 1933.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Ernst Thälmann

Eugen Diederichs

Eugen Diederichs (June 22, 1867 – September 10, 1930) was a German publisher born in Löbitz, in the Prussian Province of Saxony.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Eugen Diederichs

Eutin

Eutin is the district capital of Eastern Holstein county located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Eutin

Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Evolution

Experimental psychology

Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Experimental psychology

F. M. Powicke

Sir Frederick Maurice Powicke (16 June 1879 – 19 May 1963) was an English medieval historian. He was a fellow of Merton College, Oxford, a professor at Queen's University, Belfast, and the Victoria University of Manchester, and from 1928 until his retirement Regius Professor at the University of Oxford.

See Alexander Cartellieri and F. M. Powicke

Fatherland Front (Austria)

The Fatherland Front (Vaterländische Front, VF) was the right-wing conservative, authoritarian, nationalist, and corporatist ruling political organisation of the Federal State of Austria.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Fatherland Front (Austria)

Führerprinzip

In the political history of Germany, the Führerprinzip (Leader Principle) was the basis of executive authority in the Government of Nazi Germany (1933–1945), which meant that the word of the Führer is above all written law, and that government policies, decisions, and offices all work towards the realisation of the will of the Führer.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Führerprinzip

Federal State of Austria

The Federal State of Austria (Bundesstaat Österreich; colloquially known as the "Ständestaat") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative, nationalist, and corporatist Fatherland Front.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Federal State of Austria

Felix Mendelssohn

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Felix Mendelssohn

First Crusade

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.

See Alexander Cartellieri and First Crusade

Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, Germans and fled and were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries, including Czechoslovakia, and from the former German provinces of Lower and Upper Silesia, East Prussia, and the eastern parts of Brandenburg (Neumark) and Pomerania (Hinterpommern), which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and France

France in the Middle Ages

The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 10th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions), and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis against the House of Plantagenet and their Angevin Empire, culminating in the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) (compounded by the catastrophic Black Death in 1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.

See Alexander Cartellieri and France in the Middle Ages

Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Franco-Prussian War

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

The (FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Frederick Barbarossa

Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (Friedrich I; Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later in 1190.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Frederick Barbarossa

Frederick the Great

Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Frederick the Great

Freiburg im Breisgau

Freiburg im Breisgau (Alemannic: Friburg im Brisgau; Fribourg-en-Brisgau; Freecastle in the Breisgau; mostly called simply Freiburg) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Freiburg im Breisgau

In Belgium, the French Community (Communauté française) refers to one of the three constituent constitutional linguistic communities.

See Alexander Cartellieri and French Community of Belgium

French language

French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

See Alexander Cartellieri and French language

French nationalism

French nationalism usually manifests as civic or cultural nationalism, promoting the cultural unity of France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and French nationalism

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

See Alexander Cartellieri and French Revolution

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

See Alexander Cartellieri and French Third Republic

Fritz Kern

Fritz Kern (28 September 1884 - 21 May 1950) was a German medievalist historian who became involved in politics. Alexander Cartellieri and Fritz Kern are German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Fritz Kern

Gütersloh

Gütersloh is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the area of Westphalia and the administrative region of Detmold.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Gütersloh

Geographer

A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Geographer

Georg Jellinek

Georg Jellinek (16 June 1851 – 12 January 1911) was a German public lawyer and was considered to be "the exponent of public law in Austria“.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Georg Jellinek

Gerhard A. Ritter

Gerhard Albert Ritter (29 March 1929 – 20 June 2015) was a German historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Gerhard A. Ritter

Gerhard Ritter

Gerhard Georg Bernhard Ritter (6 April 1888, in Bad Sooden-Allendorf – 1 July 1967, in Freiburg) was a German historian who served as a professor of history at the University of Freiburg from 1925 to 1956. Alexander Cartellieri and Gerhard Ritter are academic staff of Heidelberg University.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Gerhard Ritter

German Democratic Party

The German Democratic Party (DDP) was a liberal political party in the Weimar Republic, considered centrist or centre-left.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German Democratic Party

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German Empire

German Fatherland Party

The German Fatherland Party (Deutsche Vaterlandspartei, abbreviated as DVLP) was a short-lived far-right political party active in the German Empire during the last phase of World War I. It rejected the Reichstag Peace Resolution of July 1917, which called for a negotiated peace without annexations.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German Fatherland Party

German General Staff

The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially the Great General Staff (Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German General Staff

German Historical Institute Paris

The German Historical Institute Paris (GHIP) or Institut historique allemand (IHA) is an international research institute situated in Paris, France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German Historical Institute Paris

German invasion of Belgium (1914)

The German invasion of Belgium was a military campaign which began on 4 August 1914.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German invasion of Belgium (1914)

German mark (1871)

The German mark (Goldmark; sign: ℳ&#xfe01) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German mark (1871)

German National People's Party

The German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) was a national-conservative and monarchist political party in Germany during the Weimar Republic.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German National People's Party

German occupation of Belgium during World War I

The German occupation of Belgium (Occupation allemande, Duitse bezetting) of World War I was a military occupation of Belgium by the forces of the German Empire between 1914 and 1918.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German occupation of Belgium during World War I

German People's Congress

The German People's Congress (Deutscher Volkskongress) were a series of congresses held in Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German People's Congress

German People's Party

The German People's Party (German:, DVP) was a conservative-liberal political party during the Weimar Republic that was the successor to the National Liberal Party of the German Empire.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German People's Party

German revolution of 1918–1919

The German revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution (Novemberrevolution), was an uprising started by workers and soldiers in the final days of World War I. It quickly and almost bloodlessly brought down the German Empire, then in its more violent second stage, the supporters of a parliamentary republic were victorious over those who wanted a soviet-style council republic.

See Alexander Cartellieri and German revolution of 1918–1919

Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Germans

Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Germany

Gleichschaltung

The Nazi term Gleichschaltung or "coordination" was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler — leader of the Nazi Party in Germany — successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society "from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education".

See Alexander Cartellieri and Gleichschaltung

Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft

The Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft (Goethe Medal for Art and Science) is a German award.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft

Grand Duchy of Baden

The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in south-west Germany on the east bank of the Rhine.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Grand Duchy of Baden

Great man theory

The great man theory is an approach to the study of history popularised in the 19th century according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of great men, or heroes: highly influential and unique individuals who, due to their natural attributes, such as superior intellect, heroic courage, extraordinary leadership abilities, or divine inspiration, have a decisive historical effect.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Great man theory

Groningen

Groningen (Grunn or Grunnen) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Groningen

Group of Soviet Forces in Germany

The Western Group of Forces (WGF), previously known as the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOFG) and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG), were the troops of the Soviet Army in East Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Group of Soviet Forces in Germany

Guy of Bazoches

Guy of Bazoches (before 1146–1203) was a French cleric of the Champagne region, and writer in Latin.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Guy of Bazoches

Gymnasium (Germany)

Gymnasium (German plural: Gymnasien), in the German education system, is the most advanced and highest of the three types of German secondary schools, the others being Hauptschule (lowest) and Realschule (middle).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Gymnasium (Germany)

Habilitation

Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy and some other European and non-English-speaking countries.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Habilitation

Hanover

Hanover (Hannover; Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hanover

Hans F. K. Günther

Hans Friedrich Karl Günther (16 February 1891 – 25 September 1968) was a German writer, an advocate of scientific racism and a eugenicist in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. Alexander Cartellieri and Hans F. K. Günther are academic staff of the University of Jena.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hans F. K. Günther

Hans-Christof Kraus

Hans-Christof Kraus (born 3 November 1958) is a German historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hans-Christof Kraus

Harry Graf Kessler

Harry Clemens Ulrich Graf von Kessler (23 May 1868 – 30 November 1937) was an Anglo-German count, diplomat, writer, and patron of modern art.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Harry Graf Kessler

Heidelberg

Heidelberg (Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Heidelberg

Heidelberg University

Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis), is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Heidelberg University

Heinrich von Treitschke

Heinrich Gotthard Freiherr von Treitschke (15 September 1834 – 28 April 1896) was a German historian, political writer and National Liberal member of the Reichstag during the time of the German Empire. Alexander Cartellieri and Heinrich von Treitschke are academic staff of Heidelberg University.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Heinrich von Treitschke

Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Henri Bergson

Henri Pirenne

Henri Pirenne (23 December 1862 – 24 October 1935) was a Belgian historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Henri Pirenne

Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hermann Göring

Heuristic

A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Heuristic

High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300.

See Alexander Cartellieri and High Middle Ages

Historian

A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Historian

Historical materialism

Historical materialism is Karl Marx's theory of history.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Historical materialism

Historiography

Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Historiography

Historische Zeitschrift

Historische Zeitschrift, is a German scholarly journal of history and historiography.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Historische Zeitschrift

History

History (derived) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past.

See Alexander Cartellieri and History

History of France

The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.

See Alexander Cartellieri and History of France

History of Germany (1945–1990)

The history of Germany from 1945 to 1990 comprises the period following World War II.

See Alexander Cartellieri and History of Germany (1945–1990)

History of the Jews in Austria

The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation.

See Alexander Cartellieri and History of the Jews in Austria

History of the Jews in Germany

The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (circa 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community.

See Alexander Cartellieri and History of the Jews in Germany

The foundation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) can be traced back to the 1860s, and it has represented the centre-left in German politics for much of the 20th and 21st centuries.

See Alexander Cartellieri and History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany

Hohenstaufen

The Hohenstaufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hohenstaufen

Hohenstaufen Castle

Hohenstaufen Castle (Burg Hohenstaufen) is a ruined castle in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hohenstaufen Castle

Hohenzollern Castle

Hohenzollern Castle (Burg Hohenzollern) is the ancestral seat of the imperial House of Hohenzollern.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hohenzollern Castle

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Holy Roman Empire

Holzminden internment camp

Holzminden internment camp was a large World War I detention camp (Internierungslager) located to the north-east of Holzminden, Lower Saxony, Germany, which existed from 1914 to 1918.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Holzminden internment camp

Honey

Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Honey

Horst-Wessel-Lied

The "" ("Horst Wessel Song"), also known by its opening words "" ("Raise the Flag"), was the anthem of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 1930 to 1945.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Horst-Wessel-Lied

House of Hohenzollern

The House of Hohenzollern (Haus Hohenzollern,; Casa de Hohenzollern) is a formerly royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) German dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.

See Alexander Cartellieri and House of Hohenzollern

Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Humboldt University of Berlin

Humboldtian model of higher education

The Humboldtian model of higher education (German: Humboldtsches Bildungsideal, literally: Humboldtian education ideal) or just Humboldt's Ideal is a concept of academic education that emerged in the early 19th century and whose core idea is a holistic combination of research and studies.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Humboldtian model of higher education

Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic

Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic

Idaho

Idaho is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Idaho

Imperial German Army

The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Imperial German Army

Imperial Register

The Imperial Register (Reichsmatrikel, rijksmatrikel) was a list of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire that specified the precise numbers of troops they had to supply to the Imperial Army and/or the financial support they had to make available to sustain the Army.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Imperial Register

Inner German border

The inner German border (innerdeutsche Grenze or deutsch–deutsche Grenze; initially also Zonengrenze) was the frontier between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Inner German border

Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe

During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Italy

Jacob Burckhardt

Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (25 May 1818 – 8 August 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Jacob Burckhardt

Jena

Jena is a city in Germany and the second largest city in Thuringia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Jena

Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc (translit; Jehanne Darc; – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronation of Charles VII of France during the Hundred Years' War.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Joan of Arc

Johann Gustav Droysen

Johann Gustav Bernhard Droysen (6 July 180819 June 1884) was a German historian. Alexander Cartellieri and Johann Gustav Droysen are academic staff of the University of Jena.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Johann Gustav Droysen

Johannes Haller

Johannes Haller (16 October 1865 – 24 December 1947) was a Baltic German medievalist and teacher at the universities of Tübingen, Marburg and Giessen. Alexander Cartellieri and Johannes Haller are German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Johannes Haller

Joseph Schumpeter

Joseph Alois Schumpeter (February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian political economist.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Joseph Schumpeter

Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence is the philosophy and theory of law.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Jurisprudence

Karl Astel

Karl Astel (26 February 1898 – 4 April 1945) was an Alter Kämpfer, rector of the University of Jena, a racial scientist, and also involved in the German Nazi Eugenics program. Alexander Cartellieri and Karl Astel are academic staff of the University of Jena.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Karl Astel

Karl Hampe

Karl Ludwig Hampe (3 February 1869 – 14 February 1936) was a German historian of the Middle Ages, particularly the history of the Holy Roman Empire in the High Middle Ages. Alexander Cartellieri and Karl Hampe are academic staff of Heidelberg University and German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Karl Hampe

Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Karl Marx

Karl Vossler

Karl Vossler (6 September 1872 – 19 September 1949) was a German linguist and scholar, and a leading romance philologist.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Karl Vossler

Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe (South Franconian: Kallsruh) is the third-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Karlsruhe

Kassel

Kassel (in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, in central Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Kassel

Königsberg

Königsberg (Królewiec, Karaliaučius, Kyonigsberg) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Königsberg

Konrad Adenauer

Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Konrad Adenauer

Konstanz

Konstanz (also), also known as Constance in English, is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Konstanz

Krefeld

Krefeld (Krieëvel), also spelled Crefeld until 1925 (though the spelling was still being used in British papers throughout the Second World War), is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Krefeld

Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (Novemberpogrome), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's nocat.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Kristallnacht

Kulturkampf

In the history of Germany, the Kulturkampf (Cultural Struggle) was the seven-year political conflict (1871–1878) between the Catholic Church in Germany, led by Pope Pius IX; and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Kulturkampf

Labour movement

The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Labour movement

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Latin

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums, shortened to Berufsbeamtengesetz), also known as Civil Service Law, Civil Service Restoration Act, and Law to Re-establish the Civil Service, was enacted by the Nazi regime in Germany on 7 April 1933.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service

Léopold Victor Delisle

Léopold Victor Delisle (24 October 1826, Valognes (Manche) – 21 July 1910, Chantilly, Oise) was a French bibliophile and historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Léopold Victor Delisle

League of Nations

The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

See Alexander Cartellieri and League of Nations

Leipzig

Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Leipzig

Leipzig University

Leipzig University (Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Leipzig University

Leopold von Ranke

Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Leopold von Ranke

Les Halles

Les Halles ('The Halls') was Paris' central fresh food market.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Les Halles

Lindau

Lindau (Lindau (Bodensee), Lindau am Bodensee;; Low Alemannic: Lindou) is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) in Bavaria, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Lindau

List of academic ranks

Academic rank (also scientific rank) is the rank of a scientist or teacher in a college, high school, university or research establishment.

See Alexander Cartellieri and List of academic ranks

List of French monarchs

France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.

See Alexander Cartellieri and List of French monarchs

Literature

Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, plays, and poems.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Literature

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

See Alexander Cartellieri and London

Lord mayor

Lord mayor is a title of a mayor of what is usually a major city in a Commonwealth realm, with special recognition bestowed by the sovereign.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Lord mayor

Lucerne

Lucerne (High Alemannic: Lozärn) or LuzernOther languages: label; Lucerna; Lucerna.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Lucerne

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich or LMU; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

March on Rome

The March on Rome (Marcia su Roma) was an organized mass demonstration in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy.

See Alexander Cartellieri and March on Rome

Mario Keßler

Mario Keßler (born 4 May 1955) is a German historian. Alexander Cartellieri and Mario Keßler are writers from Jena.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Mario Keßler

Marxist historiography

Marxist historiography, or historical materialist historiography, is an influential school of historiography.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Marxist historiography

Matthias Erzberger

Matthias Erzberger (20 September 1875 – 26 August 1921) was a politician of the Catholic Centre Party, member of the Reichstag and minister of finance of Germany from 1919 to 1920.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Matthias Erzberger

Max Lenz

Max Albert Wilhelm Lenz (13 June 1850 – 6 April 1932) was a German historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Max Lenz

Max Weber

Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally. Alexander Cartellieri and Max Weber are academic staff of Heidelberg University.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Max Weber

Medieval studies

Medieval studies is the academic interdisciplinary study of the Middle Ages.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Medieval studies

Mein Kampf

Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Mein Kampf

Merger of the KPD and SPD

The East German branches of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) merged to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) on 21 April 1946 in the territory of the Soviet occupation zone.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Merger of the KPD and SPD

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Middle Ages

Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Milan

Military service

Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, air forces, and naval forces, whether as a chosen job (volunteer) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Military service

Miracle of the House of Brandenburg

The Miracle of the House of Brandenburg is the name given by Frederick II of Prussia to the failure of Russia and Austria to follow up their victory over him at the Battle of Kunersdorf on 12 August 1759 during the Seven Years' War.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Miracle of the House of Brandenburg

Moscow, Idaho

Moscow is a city and the county seat of Latah County, Idaho.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Moscow, Idaho

Myopia

Myopia, also known as near-sightedness and short-sightedness, is an eye disease where light from distant objects focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Myopia

Naples

Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Naples

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Napoleon

Napoleonic era

The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Napoleonic era

Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte

The Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte (National Socialist Monthly) was a political and cultural journal produced by the Nazi Party and edited by Adolf Hitler (1930 – October 1933) and then, by Alfred Rosenberg (May 1935 – 1944).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Nazi Germany

Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Nazi Party

Nazi salute

The Nazi salute, also known as the Hitler salute, or the Sieg Heil salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Nazi salute

Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Nazism

Neue Deutsche Biographie

Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB; literally New German Biography) is a biographical reference work.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Neue Deutsche Biographie

Nibelungentreue

Nibelungentreue is a German compound noun, literally "Nibelung loyalty", expressing the concept of absolute, unquestioning, excessive and potentially disastrous loyalty to a cause or person.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Nibelungentreue

Night of the Long Knives

The Night of the Long Knives (Nacht der langen Messer), also called the Röhm purge or Operation Hummingbird (Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Night of the Long Knives

November 1918 insurgency in Alsace–Lorraine

The November 1918 insurgency in Alsace-Lorraine is a series of events which occurred when the region of Alsace–Lorraine passed from German to French sovereignty at the end of World War I. During this month, international events were linked to domestic troubles, particularly the German Revolution.

See Alexander Cartellieri and November 1918 insurgency in Alsace–Lorraine

Novorossiya

Novorossiyaa; Novorosiia; Noua Rusie, Noworosja is a historical name, used during the era of the Russian Empire for an administrative area that would later become the southern mainland of Ukraine: the region immediately north of the Black Sea and Crimea.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Novorossiya

Odesa

Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Odesa

Organisation Consul

Organisation Consul (O.C.) was an ultra-nationalist and anti-Semitic terrorist organization that operated in the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1922.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Organisation Consul

Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until his death in 1218.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto von Bismarck

Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898; born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Otto von Bismarck

Ottokar Lorenz

Ottokar Lorenz (17 September 1832 – 13 May 1904) was an Austrian-German historian and genealogist. Alexander Cartellieri and Ottokar Lorenz are academic staff of the University of Jena.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Ottokar Lorenz

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Oxford University Press

Palace of Versailles

The Palace of Versailles (château de Versailles) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Palace of Versailles

Palaeography

Palaeography (UK) or paleography (US; ultimately from παλαιός,, 'old', and γράφειν,, 'to write') is the study and academic discipline of the analysis of historical writing systems, the historicity of manuscripts and texts, subsuming deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysis of historic penmanship, handwriting script, signification and printed media.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Palaeography

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Paris

Paul Scheffer-Boichorst

Paul Scheffer-Boichorst (25 May 1843 in Elberfeld – 17 January 1902 in Berlin) was a German historian of the Middle Ages. Alexander Cartellieri and Paul Scheffer-Boichorst are German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Paul Scheffer-Boichorst

Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (abbreviated; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I. He later became president of Germany from 1925 until his death.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Paul von Hindenburg

Peaceful Revolution

Peaceful Revolution (Friedliche Revolution) was the process of sociopolitical change that led to the opening of East Germany's borders to the Western world as part of the Revolutions of 1989.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Peaceful Revolution

People's Crusade

The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic rule.

See Alexander Cartellieri and People's Crusade

Persée (web portal)

Persée is a digital library of open access, mostly French-language scholarly journals, established by the Ministry of National Education of France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Persée (web portal)

Philip II of France

Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Philip II of France

Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Philosophy

Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)

Germany saw significant political violence from the fall of the Empire and the rise of the Republic through the German Revolution of 1918–1919, until the rise of the Nazi Party to power with 1933 elections and the proclamation of the Enabling Act of 1933 that fully broke down all opposition.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)

Prince-Bishopric of Constance

The Prince-Bishopric of Constance (Hochstift Konstanz, Fürstbistum Konstanz, Bistum Konstanz) was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-12th century until its secularisation in 1802–1803.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Prince-Bishopric of Constance

Proclamation of the German Empire

The proclamation of the German Empire, also known as the Deutsche Reichsgründung, took place in January 1871 after the joint victory of the German states in the Franco-Prussian War.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Proclamation of the German Empire

Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Proportional representation

Protestantism

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Protestantism

Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Pseudoscience

Race (human categorization)

Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Race (human categorization)

Recensio.net

recensio.net – review platform for European history – is a Europe-wide, multi-language platform for scholarly reviews of historical literature.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Recensio.net

Rector (academia)

A rector (Latin for 'ruler') is a senior official in an educational institution, and can refer to an official in either a university or a secondary school.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rector (academia)

Regesta

Papal regesta are the copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of the papal letters and official documents that are kept in the papal archives.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Regesta

Reichstag (Weimar Republic)

The Reichstag of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) was the lower house of Germany's parliament; the upper house was the Reichsrat, which represented the states.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Reichstag (Weimar Republic)

Reichstag fire

The Reichstag fire (Reichstagsbrand) was an arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin, on Monday, 27 February 1933, precisely four weeks after Adolf Hitler was sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Reichstag fire

Rentenmark

The Rentenmark (RM) was a currency issued on 15 November 1923 to stop the hyperinflation of 1922 and 1923 in Weimar Germany, after the previously used "paper" Mark had become almost worthless.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rentenmark

Republikflucht

Republikflucht (German for "desertion from the republic") was the colloquial term in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries; the official term was Ungesetzlicher Grenzübertritt ("unlawful border crossing").

See Alexander Cartellieri and Republikflucht

Reputation

The reputation or prestige of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity – typically developed as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behavior or performance.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Reputation

Revue historique

The Revue historique is a French academic journal founded in 1876 by the Protestant Gabriel Monod and the Catholic Gustave Fagniez.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Revue historique

Rhineland

The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rhineland

Rhineland massacres

The Rhineland massacres, also known as the German Crusade of 1096 or Gzerot Tatnó (גזרות תתנ"ו, "Edicts of 4856"), were a series of mass murders of Jews perpetrated by mobs of French and German Christians of the People's Crusade in the year 1096, or 4856 according to the Hebrew calendar.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rhineland massacres

Rive Gauche

The Rive Gauche (Left Bank) is the southern bank of the river Seine in Paris.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rive Gauche

Robert Holtzmann

Robert Holtzmann (17 October 1873 – 27 June 1946) was a German Medievalist historian. Alexander Cartellieri and Robert Holtzmann are German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Robert Holtzmann

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Roman Empire

Romance studies

Romance studies or Romance philology (filolochía romanica; filologia romànica; romanistique; latinida filologio; filologia romanza; filologia românica; romanistică; filología románica) is an academic discipline that covers the study of the languages, literatures, and cultures of areas that speak Romance languages.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Romance studies

Rudolf Hess

Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rudolf Hess

Rudolf Schieffer

Rudolf Schieffer (31 January 1947 – 14 September 2018) was a German historian specializing in medieval history. Alexander Cartellieri and Rudolf Schieffer are German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Rudolf Schieffer

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Russia

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Russian Empire

Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Russian language

Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Russian Revolution

Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)

Sabbatical

A sabbatical (from the Hebrew: שַׁבָּת (i.e., Sabbath); in Latin sabbaticus; Greek: sabbatikos) is a rest or break from work; "an extended period of time intentionally spent on something that’s not your routine job." The concept of the sabbatical is based on the Biblical practice of shmita (sabbatical year), which is related to agriculture.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Sabbatical

Sarajevo

Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Sarajevo

Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities

The Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig (Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig) is an institute which was founded in 1846 under the name Royal Saxon Society for the Sciences (Königlich Sächsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities

Scientific racism

Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscientific belief that the human species is divided into biologically distinct taxa called "races", and that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Scientific racism

Seine

The Seine is a river in northern France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Seine

Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict involving most of the European great powers, fought primarily in Europe and the Americas.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Seven Years' War

Siege of Paris (1870–1871)

The Siege of Paris took place from 19 September 1870 to 28 January 1871 and ended in the capture of the city by forces of the various states of the North German Confederation, led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Siege of Paris (1870–1871)

The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands,; SED) was the founding and ruling party of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from the country's foundation in 1949 until its dissolution after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Socialist Unity Party of Germany

Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg (Žofie Marie Josefína Albína hraběnka Chotková z Chotkova a Vojnína; 1 March 1868 – 28 June 1914) was the wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

Soviet Military Administration in Germany

The Soviet Military Administration in Germany (Советская военная администрация в Германии, СВАГ; Sovyetskaya Voyennaya Administratsiya v Germanii, SVAG; Sowjetische Militäradministration in Deutschland, SMAD) was the Soviet military government, headquartered in Berlin-Karlshorst, that directly ruled the Soviet occupation zone of Germany from the German surrender in May 1945 until after the establishment of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in October 1949.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Soviet Military Administration in Germany

Soviet occupation zone in Germany

The Soviet occupation zone in Germany (or label) was an area of Germany that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a communist area, established as a result of the Potsdam Agreement on 1 August 1945.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Soviet occupation zone in Germany

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Soviet Union

Squadrismo

Squadrismo was the movement of squadre d'azione (English: action squads), the fascist militias that were organised outside the authority of the Italian state and led by local leaders called ras (a title given to Abyssinian headmen).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Squadrismo

Staatsexamen

The Staatsexamen ("state examination" or "exam by state"; pl.: Staatsexamina) is a German government licensing examination that future physicians, dentists, physical therapists, teachers, research librarians, archivists, pharmacists, food chemists, psychotherapists and jurists (i.e., lawyers, judges, public prosecutors, civil-law notaries) as well as surveyors have to pass to be allowed to work in their profession.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Staatsexamen

Stab-in-the-back myth

The stab-in-the-back myth was an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was widely believed and promulgated in Germany after 1918.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Stab-in-the-back myth

Sturmabteilung

The Sturmabteilung (SA; literally "Storm Division" or Storm Troopers) was the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Sturmabteilung

Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Switzerland

Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Terrorism

The Cambridge Medieval History

The Cambridge Medieval History is a history of medieval Europe in eight volumes published by Cambridge University Press and Macmillan between 1911 and 1936.

See Alexander Cartellieri and The Cambridge Medieval History

The English Historical Review

The English Historical Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1886 and published by Oxford University Press (formerly by Longman).

See Alexander Cartellieri and The English Historical Review

The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.

See Alexander Cartellieri and The Holocaust

Theodor Heuss

Theodor Heuss (31 January 1884 – 12 December 1963) was a German liberal politician who served as the first president of West Germany from 1949 to 1959.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Theodor Heuss

Theodosius I

Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Theodosius I

Thervingi

The Thervingi, Tervingi, or Teruingi (sometimes pluralised Tervings or Thervings) were a Gothic people of the plains north of the Lower Danube and west of the Dniester River in the 3rd and the 4th centuries.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Thervingi

Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Third Crusade

Thomas Mann

Paul Thomas Mann (6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Thomas Mann

Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)

The Treaty of Frankfurt (Traité de Francfort; Friede von Frankfurt) was a peace treaty signed in Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)

Treaty of Troyes

The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French throne upon the death of King Charles VI of France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Treaty of Troyes

Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Treaty of Versailles

Tuileries Garden

The Tuileries Garden (Jardin des Tuileries) is a public garden between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Tuileries Garden

Ulrich Cartellieri

Dr.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Ulrich Cartellieri

Unification of Germany

The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Unification of Germany

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See Alexander Cartellieri and United States

University of Jena

The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form Uni Jena), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and University of Jena

University of St Andrews

The University of St Andrews (Oilthigh Chill Rìmhinn; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a public university in St Andrews, Scotland.

See Alexander Cartellieri and University of St Andrews

University of Tübingen

The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Universitas Eberhardina Carolina), is a public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and University of Tübingen

Upper Rhine

The Upper Rhine (Oberrhein; Rhin Supérieur; kilometres 167 to 529 of the Rhine) is the section of the Rhine between the Middle Bridge in Basel, Switzerland, and the Rhine knee in Bingen, Germany.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Upper Rhine

V-2 rocket

The V2 (lit), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

See Alexander Cartellieri and V-2 rocket

Vatican Apostolic Archive

The Vatican Apostolic Archive (Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum; Archivio Apostolico Vaticano), formerly known as the Vatican Secret Archive, is the central repository in the Vatican City of all acts promulgated by the Holy See.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Vatican Apostolic Archive

Victor Klemperer

Victor Klemperer (9 October 188111 February 1960) was a German scholar who also became known as a diarist.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Victor Klemperer

Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Vienna

Visigoths

The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Visigoths

Vorwärts

Vorwärts ("Forward") is a newspaper published by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Vorwärts

Wallonia

Wallonia (Wallonie), officially the Walloon Region (Région wallonne), is one of the three regions of Belgium—along with Flanders and Brussels.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wallonia

Weimar

Weimar is a city in the German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Weimar

Weimar Constitution

The Constitution of the German Reich (Die Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933).

See Alexander Cartellieri and Weimar Constitution

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Weimar Republic

Werner Sombart

Werner Sombart (19 January 1863 – 18 May 1941) was a German economist, historian and sociologist.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Werner Sombart

West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

See Alexander Cartellieri and West Germany

Western Roman Empire

In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Western Roman Empire

Wilhelm Arndt

Wilhelm Ferdinand Arndt (27 September 1838, Lobsens, Posen, Prussia – 10 January 1895) was a German historian. Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm Arndt are German medievalists.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm Arndt

Wilhelm Frick

Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a convicted war criminal and prominent German politician of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as Minister of the Interior in Adolf Hitler's cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm Frick

Wilhelm II

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm II

Wilhelm Maurenbrecher

Karl Peter Wilhelm Maurenbrecher (21 December 18386 November 1892, Leipzig) was a German historian.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm Maurenbrecher

Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology. Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm Wundt are academic staff of Heidelberg University.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelminism

The Wilhelmine Period or Wilhelmian era comprises the period of German history between 1890 and 1918, embracing the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II in the German Empire from the resignation of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck until the end of World War I and Wilhelm's abdication during the November Revolution.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wilhelminism

Wolfgang Benz

Wolfgang Benz (born 9 June 1941) is a German historian and anti-semitism researcher from Ellwangen.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Wolfgang Benz

Women's suffrage

Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections.

See Alexander Cartellieri and Women's suffrage

World history (field)

World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective.

See Alexander Cartellieri and World history (field)

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Alexander Cartellieri and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Alexander Cartellieri and World War II

1919 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 19 January 1919,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p762 although members of the standing army in the east did not vote until 2 February.

See Alexander Cartellieri and 1919 German federal election

1932 German presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Germany on 13 March 1932, with a runoff on 10 April.

See Alexander Cartellieri and 1932 German presidential election

20 July plot

The 20 July plot was a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, the chancellor and leader of Nazi Germany, and overthrow the Nazi regime on 20 July 1944.

See Alexander Cartellieri and 20 July plot

See also

German bibliophiles

• Alexander Cartellieri
• Bernard H. Breslauer
• Bernhard von Mallinckrodt
• Bruno Kaiser
• Charlemagne
• Eduard Heyck
• Ernst Laske
• Gotthard Laske
• Gotthilf Weisstein
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Lothar Schmid
• Max Pinkus
• Mechthild of the Palatinate
• Nicolaus Pol
• Paul Hirsch (bibliophile)
• Reinhard Klimmt
• Wolfgang Menzel
• Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach

German book and manuscript collectors

• Alexander Cartellieri
• Amplonius Rating de Berka
• August Closs
• Beatus Rhenanus
• Carl Künzel
• Johann Christoph Wolf
• Johann Jakob Fugger
• Leeser Rosenthal
• Lothar Schmid
• Otto Vollbehr
• Peter Friedrich Arpe
• Robert Priebsch
• Victor Amadeus, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
• Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach

Rectors of the University of Jena

• Alexander Cartellieri
• Christian Chemnitz
• Christian Gottfried Schütz
• Friedemann Bechmann
• Georg Adam Struve
• Johann Andreas Danz
• Johann Ernst Gerhard the elder
• Johann Frischmuth
• Johann Jakob Müller (philosopher)
• Paul Slevogt
• Walter Rosenthal

Writers from Jena

• Alexander Cartellieri
• Andreas Umland
• Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes
• Erich Schmidt (historian)
• Ernst Martin
• Ferdinand Rosenberger
• Friedemann Bechmann
• Georg Bötticher
• Georg Ludwig Walch
• Hans Prutz
• Immanuel Hermann Fichte
• Johann Andreas Danz
• Johann Ernst Gerhard the elder
• Johann Karl August Musäus
• Joseph Anselm Feuerbach
• Karl Friedrich Eichhorn
• Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach
• Lutz Rathenow
• Mario Keßler
• Melanie Raabe
• Olivia Vieweg
• Peter Rohs
• Rahel Sanzara
• Richard Delbrück
• Roland Jahn
• Rosemarie Schuder
• Rudolph Zacharias Becker
• Sabine Deitmer
• Siegfried Reiprich
• Walter Eucken

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Cartellieri

, Denis Jean Achille Luchaire, Der Spiegel, Deutscher Historikertag, Die Tat, Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Dortmund, Dynasty, Early modern period, East Germany, East Prussia, Eastern Front (World War II), Education reform, Eighth Air Force, Elections in Germany, Elizabeth of Russia, Emeritus, Emigration, Enabling Act of 1933, End of World War II in Europe, England, Erfurt, Ernst Kantorowicz, Ernst Thälmann, Eugen Diederichs, Eutin, Evolution, Experimental psychology, F. M. Powicke, Fatherland Front (Austria), Führerprinzip, Federal State of Austria, Felix Mendelssohn, First Crusade, Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950), France, France in the Middle Ages, Franco-Prussian War, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Frederick Barbarossa, Frederick the Great, Freiburg im Breisgau, French Community of Belgium, French language, French nationalism, French Revolution, French Third Republic, Fritz Kern, Gütersloh, Geographer, Georg Jellinek, Gerhard A. Ritter, Gerhard Ritter, German Democratic Party, German Empire, German Fatherland Party, German General Staff, German Historical Institute Paris, German invasion of Belgium (1914), German mark (1871), German National People's Party, German occupation of Belgium during World War I, German People's Congress, German People's Party, German revolution of 1918–1919, Germans, Germany, Gleichschaltung, Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft, Grand Duchy of Baden, Great man theory, Groningen, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Guy of Bazoches, Gymnasium (Germany), Habilitation, Hanover, Hans F. K. Günther, Hans-Christof Kraus, Harry Graf Kessler, Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heinrich von Treitschke, Henri Bergson, Henri Pirenne, Hermann Göring, Heuristic, High Middle Ages, Historian, Historical materialism, Historiography, Historische Zeitschrift, History, History of France, History of Germany (1945–1990), History of the Jews in Austria, History of the Jews in Germany, History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Hohenstaufen, Hohenstaufen Castle, Hohenzollern Castle, Holy Roman Empire, Holzminden internment camp, Honey, Horst-Wessel-Lied, House of Hohenzollern, Humboldt University of Berlin, Humboldtian model of higher education, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic, Idaho, Imperial German Army, Imperial Register, Inner German border, Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe, Italy, Jacob Burckhardt, Jena, Joan of Arc, Johann Gustav Droysen, Johannes Haller, Joseph Schumpeter, Jurisprudence, Karl Astel, Karl Hampe, Karl Marx, Karl Vossler, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Königsberg, Konrad Adenauer, Konstanz, Krefeld, Kristallnacht, Kulturkampf, Labour movement, Latin, Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, Léopold Victor Delisle, League of Nations, Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leopold von Ranke, Les Halles, Lindau, List of academic ranks, List of French monarchs, Literature, London, Lord mayor, Lucerne, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, March on Rome, Mario Keßler, Marxist historiography, Matthias Erzberger, Max Lenz, Max Weber, Medieval studies, Mein Kampf, Merger of the KPD and SPD, Middle Ages, Milan, Military service, Miracle of the House of Brandenburg, Moscow, Idaho, Myopia, Naples, Napoleon, Napoleonic era, Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte, Nazi Germany, Nazi Party, Nazi salute, Nazism, Neue Deutsche Biographie, Nibelungentreue, Night of the Long Knives, November 1918 insurgency in Alsace–Lorraine, Novorossiya, Odesa, Organisation Consul, Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto von Bismarck, Ottokar Lorenz, Oxford University Press, Palace of Versailles, Palaeography, Paris, Paul Scheffer-Boichorst, Paul von Hindenburg, Peaceful Revolution, People's Crusade, Persée (web portal), Philip II of France, Philosophy, Political violence in Germany (1918–1933), Prince-Bishopric of Constance, Proclamation of the German Empire, Proportional representation, Protestantism, Pseudoscience, Race (human categorization), Recensio.net, Rector (academia), Regesta, Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag fire, Rentenmark, Republikflucht, Reputation, Revue historique, Rhineland, Rhineland massacres, Rive Gauche, Robert Holtzmann, Roman Empire, Romance studies, Rudolf Hess, Rudolf Schieffer, Russia, Russian Empire, Russian language, Russian Revolution, Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), Sabbatical, Sarajevo, Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Scientific racism, Seine, Seven Years' War, Siege of Paris (1870–1871), Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, Soviet Military Administration in Germany, Soviet occupation zone in Germany, Soviet Union, Squadrismo, Staatsexamen, Stab-in-the-back myth, Sturmabteilung, Switzerland, Terrorism, The Cambridge Medieval History, The English Historical Review, The Holocaust, Theodor Heuss, Theodosius I, Thervingi, Third Crusade, Thomas Mann, Treaty of Frankfurt (1871), Treaty of Troyes, Treaty of Versailles, Tuileries Garden, Ulrich Cartellieri, Unification of Germany, United States, University of Jena, University of St Andrews, University of Tübingen, Upper Rhine, V-2 rocket, Vatican Apostolic Archive, Victor Klemperer, Vienna, Visigoths, Vorwärts, Wallonia, Weimar, Weimar Constitution, Weimar Republic, Werner Sombart, West Germany, Western Roman Empire, Wilhelm Arndt, Wilhelm Frick, Wilhelm II, Wilhelm Maurenbrecher, Wilhelm Wundt, Wilhelminism, Wolfgang Benz, Women's suffrage, World history (field), World War I, World War II, 1919 German federal election, 1932 German presidential election, 20 July plot.