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Alexander Haig, the Glossary

Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. (December 2, 1924February 20, 2010) was United States Secretary of State under president Ronald Reagan and White House chief of staff under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.^[1]

249 relations: "V" device, Academy of Achievement, Air Medal, Alonzo Patrick Fox, American Campaign Medal, Andrew Goodpaster, AOL, Archibald Cox, Ardmore, Pennsylvania, Argentina, Arlington National Cemetery, Army of Occupation Medal, Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, Award numerals, Bachelor of Science, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Barack Obama, Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, Battalion, Battle of Ap Gu, Battle of Chosin Reservoir, Battle of Inchon, Bernard W. Rogers, Bob Dole, Bob Woodward, Brent Scowcroft, Brian Haig, Bronze Star Medal, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Bruce Palmer Jr., Cadet Corps, Caspar Weinberger, Catholic Church, Chalatenango Department, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, China, Civil Actions Medal, Colin Powell, Columbia Business School, Columbia University, Combat Infantryman Badge, Commander-in-chief, Commodore International, Complication (medicine), Condoleezza Rice, Constitution of the United States, Coronary artery bypass surgery, Creighton Abrams, Defense Distinguished Service Medal, ... Expand index (199 more) »
AOL people
Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election
Deaths from staphylococcal infection
Hudson Institute
Infectious disease deaths in Maryland
Lower Merion High School alumni
NATO Supreme Allied Commanders
Nixon administration personnel involved in the Watergate scandal
People of the Falklands War
United States Army Vice Chiefs of Staff
United States Deputy National Security Advisors
White House Chiefs of Staff

"V" device

A "V" device is a metal capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

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Academy of Achievement

The American Academy of Achievement, colloquially known as the Academy of Achievement, is a nonprofit educational organization that recognizes some of the highest-achieving people in diverse fields and gives them the opportunity to meet one another.

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Air Medal

The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces.

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Alonzo Patrick Fox

Alonzo Patrick Fox (November 11, 1895 – December 19, 1984) was a career officer in the United States Army. Alexander Haig and Alonzo Patrick Fox are united States Army personnel of the Korean War.

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American Campaign Medal

The American Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942, by issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Andrew Goodpaster

Andrew Jackson Goodpaster (February 12, 1915 – May 16, 2005) was an American Army General. Alexander Haig and Andrew Goodpaster are NATO Supreme Allied Commanders, Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam and Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.

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AOL

AOL (stylized as Aol., formerly a company known as AOL Inc. and originally known as America Online) is an American web portal and online service provider based in New York City, and a brand marketed by Yahoo! Inc. The service traces its history to an online service known as PlayNET.

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Archibald Cox

Archibald Cox Jr. (May 17, 1912 – May 29, 2004) was an American legal scholar who served as U.S. Solicitor General under President John F. Kennedy and as a special prosecutor during the Watergate scandal.

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Ardmore, Pennsylvania

Ardmore is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) spanning the border between Delaware and Montgomery counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Arlington National Cemetery

Arlington National Cemetery is one of two cemeteries in the United States National Cemetery System that are maintained by the United States Army.

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Army of Occupation Medal

The Army of Occupation Medal is a military award of the United States military which was established by the United States War Department on 5 April 1946.

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Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan

On March 30, 1981, then President of the United States Ronald Reagan was shot and wounded by John Hinckley Jr. in Washington, D.C., as he was returning to his limousine after a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton.

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Award numerals

An Arabic numeral device or numeral device sometimes called an "award numeral", is a United States Armed Forces service device that may be authorized for wear on specific service ribbons and suspension ribbons of medals.

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Bachelor of Science

A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, B.Sc., SB, or ScB; from the Latin scientiae baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree that is awarded for programs that generally last three to five years.

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Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania

Bala Cynwyd is a community and census-designated place in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

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Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception

The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic minor basilica and national shrine in Washington D.C. It is the largest Catholic church building in North America and is also the tallest habitable building in Washington, D.C. Its construction of Byzantine and Romanesque Revival architecture began on 23 September 1920.

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Battalion

A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into a number of companies, each typically commanded by a major or a captain.

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Battle of Ap Gu

The Battle of Ap Gu occurred during 31 March and 1 April 1967 during Operation Junction City, a search and destroy mission by American military forces in Tay Ninh Province of South Vietnam, to the west of the capital Saigon.

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Battle of Chosin Reservoir

The Battle of Chosin Reservoir, also known as the Chosin Reservoir Campaign or the Battle of Lake Changjin, was an important battle in the Korean War.

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Battle of Inchon

The Battle of Inchon, also spelled Battle of Incheon, was an amphibious invasion and a battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations Command (UN).

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Bernard W. Rogers

Bernard William Rogers (July 16, 1921 – October 27, 2008) was a United States Army general who served as the 28th Chief of Staff of the United States Army, and later as NATO's Supreme Allied Commander, Europe and Commander in Chief, United States European Command. Alexander Haig and Bernard W. Rogers are NATO Supreme Allied Commanders, Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam), Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam, Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, united States Army War College alumni, united States Army personnel of the Korean War and united States Army personnel of the Vietnam War.

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Bob Dole

Robert Joseph Dole (July 22, 1923 – December 5, 2021) was an American politician and attorney from Kansas who served in both chambers of the United States Congress, the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1960s and the United States Senate from 1969 to his resignation in 1996 to campaign for President of the United States. Alexander Haig and bob Dole are Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election.

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Bob Woodward

Robert Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an American investigative journalist.

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Brent Scowcroft

Brent Scowcroft (March 19, 1925August 6, 2020) was a United States Air Force officer who was a two-time United States National Security Advisor, first under U.S. President Gerald Ford and then under George H. W. Bush. Alexander Haig and Brent Scowcroft are Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, united States Deputy National Security Advisors and united States presidential advisors.

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Brian Haig

Brian Fox Haig (born March 15, 1953) is an American thriller author and Fox News military analyst. Alexander Haig and Brian Haig are Georgetown University alumni.

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Bronze Star Medal

The Bronze Star Medal (BSM) is a United States Armed Forces decoration awarded to members of the United States Armed Forces for either heroic achievement, heroic service, meritorious achievement, or meritorious service in a combat zone.

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Brown Journal of World Affairs

The Brown Journal of World Affairs is a biannual academic journal of international relations and foreign policy produced at Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University.

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Bruce Palmer Jr.

Bruce Palmer Jr. (April 13, 1913 – October 10, 2000) was a general in the United States Army. Alexander Haig and Bruce Palmer Jr. are Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, united States Army Vice Chiefs of Staff, united States Army War College alumni and united States Army personnel of the Vietnam War.

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Cadet Corps

A corps of cadets, also called cadet corps, is a type of military school (such as a JROTC high school, ROTC program, senior military college or service academy) intended to prepare cadets for a military life, with the school typically incorporating real military structure and ranks within their respective program.

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Caspar Weinberger

Caspar Willard Weinberger (August 18, 1917 – March 28, 2006) was an American politician and businessman. Alexander Haig and Caspar Weinberger are people of the Falklands War.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Chalatenango Department

Chalatenango is a department of El Salvador located in the northwest of the country.

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Chief of Staff of the United States Army

The chief of staff of the Army (CSA) is a statutory position in the United States Army held by a general officer.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Civil Actions Medal

The Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Medal (Dân-Vụ Bội-Tinh) also known as the Vietnam Civil Actions Medal or Civil Actions Medal, is a military decoration of the former South Vietnamese government (1955–75).

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Colin Powell

Colin Luther Powell (April 5, 1937 – October 18, 2021) was an American politician, statesman, diplomat, and United States Army officer who was the 65th United States secretary of state from 2001 to 2005. Alexander Haig and Colin Powell are 20th-century American memoirists, Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, united States Army personnel of the Vietnam War, united States Deputy National Security Advisors and united States Secretaries of State.

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Columbia Business School

Columbia Business School (CBS) is the business school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City.

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Columbia University

Columbia University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private Ivy League research university in New York City.

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Combat Infantryman Badge

The Combat Infantryman Badge (CIB) is a United States Army military decoration.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.

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Commodore International

Commodore International Corporation (other names include Commodore International Limited) was a Bahamian home computer and electronics manufacturer with executive offices in the United States founded by Jack Tramiel and Irving Gould. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), was a significant participant in the development of the home computer industry in the 1970s to early 1990s.

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Complication (medicine)

A complication in medicine, or medical complication, is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment.

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Condoleezza Rice

Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. Alexander Haig and Condoleezza Rice are united States Secretaries of State and university of Notre Dame alumni.

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Constitution of the United States

The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States.

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Coronary artery bypass surgery

Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, pronounced "cabbage"), is a surgical procedure to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), the buildup of plaques in the arteries of the heart.

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Creighton Abrams

Creighton Williams Abrams Jr. (September 15, 1914 – September 4, 1974) was a United States Army general who commanded military operations in the Vietnam War from 1968 to 1972. Alexander Haig and Creighton Abrams are Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam), Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam, united States Army Vice Chiefs of Staff, united States Army War College alumni, united States Army personnel of the Korean War and united States Army personnel of the Vietnam War.

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Defense Distinguished Service Medal

The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Department of Defense, which is presented to United States Armed Forces service members for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to the national security or defense of the United States. Alexander Haig and defense Distinguished Service Medal are Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal.

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Deputy National Security Advisor

The United States Deputy National Security Advisor is a member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and the United States National Security Council, serving under the President's National Security Advisor. Alexander Haig and Deputy National Security Advisor are united States Deputy National Security Advisors.

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Dictatorships and Double Standards

"Dictatorships and Double Standards" is an essay by Jeane Kirkpatrick published in the November 1979 issue of Commentary magazine, which criticized the foreign policy of the Carter administration.

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Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces.

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Distinguished Service Cross (United States)

The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is the United States Army's second highest military decoration for soldiers who display extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force.

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Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Air and Space Forces)

The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force and is presented to airmen and guardians to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility. Alexander Haig and distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Air and Space Forces) are Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal.

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Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)

The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility.

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Donald Rumsfeld

Donald Henry Rumsfeld (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as secretary of defense from 1975 to 1977 under president Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. Alexander Haig and Donald Rumsfeld are Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election and White House Chiefs of Staff.

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Douglas MacArthur

Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army. Alexander Haig and Douglas MacArthur are Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and united States Army personnel of the Korean War.

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Easter Offensive

The Easter Offensive, also known as the 1972 spring–summer offensive (Chiến dịch Xuân–Hè 1972) by North Vietnam, or the Red Fiery Summer (Mùa hè đỏ lửa) as romanticized in South Vietnamese literature, was a military campaign conducted by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN, the regular army of North Vietnam) against the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN, the regular army of South Vietnam) and the United States military between 30 March and 22 October 1972, during the Vietnam War.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Edmund Muskie

Edmund Sixtus Muskie (March 28, 1914March 26, 1996) was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 58th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1980 to 1981, a United States Senator from Maine from 1959 to 1980, the 64th Governor of Maine from 1955 to 1959, and a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1946 to 1951. Alexander Haig and Edmund Muskie are united States Secretaries of State.

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Edward Almond

Lieutenant General Edward Mallory Almond (December 12, 1892 – June 11, 1979) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in World War I, World War II, where he commanded the 92nd Infantry Division, and the Korean War, where he commanded the U.S. X Corps. Alexander Haig and Edward Almond are Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States), united States Army War College alumni and united States Army personnel of the Korean War.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.

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Emeritus

Emeritus (female version: emerita) is an honorary title granted to someone who retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus".

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Encarta

Microsoft Encarta is a discontinued digital multimedia encyclopedia published by Microsoft from 1993 to 2009.

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Falklands War

The Falklands War (Guerra de Malvinas) was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

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Foreign Policy Research Institute

The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) is an American think tank based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that conducts research on geopolitics, international relations, and international security in the various regions of the world and on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism, and on think tanks themselves.

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Fort Myer

Fort Myer is the previous name used for a U.S. Army post next to Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, and across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. Founded during the American Civil War as Fort Cass and Fort Whipple, the post merged in 2005 with the neighboring Marine Corps installation, Henderson Hall, and is today named Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall.

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Frank Haig

Frank Rawle Haig, S.J. (September 11, 1928 – February 28, 2024) was an American Jesuit priest, physicist and academic administrator.

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Frederick C. Weyand

Frederick Carlton Weyand (September 15, 1916 – February 10, 2010) was a general in the United States Army. Alexander Haig and Frederick C. Weyand are Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam), Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam, united States Army Vice Chiefs of Staff and united States Army War College alumni.

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Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam)

The Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross also known as the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross or Vietnam Cross of Gallantry (Anh-Dũng Bội-Tinh) is a military decoration of the former Government of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam). Alexander Haig and Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam) are Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam).

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General (United States)

In the United States military, a general is the most senior general-grade officer; it is the highest achievable commissioned officer rank (or echelon) that may be attained in the United States Armed Forces, with exception of the Navy and Coast Guard, which have the equivalent rank of admiral instead.

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General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark

The General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark is a retired supersonic, medium-range, multirole combat aircraft.

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George C. Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (31 December 1880 – 16 October 1959) was an American army officer and statesman. Alexander Haig and George C. Marshall are united States Army War College alumni and united States Secretaries of State.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker BushAfter the 1990s, he became more commonly known as George H. W. Bush, "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush the Elder" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd U.S. president from 2001 to 2009; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush. Alexander Haig and George H. W. Bush are Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election and ford administration personnel.

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George Shultz

George Pratt Shultz (December 13, 1920February 6, 2021) was an American economist, businessman, diplomat and statesman. Alexander Haig and George Shultz are 20th-century American memoirists and united States Secretaries of State.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. Alexander Haig and George W. Bush are 20th-century American memoirists.

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Georgetown University

Georgetown University is a private Jesuit research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States.

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Gerald Ford

Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977.

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Gerd Schmückle

Gerd Schmückle (1 December 1917 – 28 May 2013) was a German four-star general.

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Gettysburg Address

The Gettysburg Address is a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery, now known as Gettysburg National Cemetery, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on the afternoon of November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated Confederate forces in the Battle of Gettysburg, the Civil War's deadliest battle.

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Grand Central Publishing

Grand Central Publishing is a book publishing imprint of Hachette Book Group, originally established in 1970 as Warner Books when Kinney National Company acquired the Paperback Library.

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H. R. Haldeman

Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate scandal. Alexander Haig and h. R. Haldeman are White House Chiefs of Staff.

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Haiphong

Haiphong (Hải Phòng) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta.

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Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)

Harold Brown (September 19, 1927 – January 4, 2019) was an American nuclear physicist who served as United States Secretary of Defense from 1977 to 1981, under President Jimmy Carter. Alexander Haig and Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense) are grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Harry Gray (business executive)

Harry Jack Gray (November 18, 1919 – July 8, 2009) was an American business manager and philanthropist, best known as CEO and chairman of United Technologies.

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Harry Tuzo

General Sir Harry Crawford Tuzo, (26 August 1917 – 7 August 1998), was a British Army officer who was Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe and General Officer Commanding of the British Army in Northern Ireland during the early period of the Troubles.

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Harvard International Review

The Harvard International Review is a quarterly international relations journal published by the Harvard International Relations Council at Harvard University.

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Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977 and national security advisor from 1969 to 1975, in the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Alexander Haig and Henry Kissinger are Hudson Institute and united States Secretaries of State.

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and as the first lady of the United States to former president Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. Alexander Haig and Hillary Clinton are united States Secretaries of State.

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Hungnam evacuation

The Hungnam evacuation or Heungnam redeployment, also known as the Miracle of Christmas, was the evacuation of United Nations (UN) forces and North Korean civilians from the port of Hungnam, Hamhung, North Korea, between 15 and 24 December 1950 during the Korean War.

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International relations

International relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states.

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Iowa caucuses

The Iowa caucuses are quadrennial electoral events for the Democratic and Republican parties in the U.S. state of Iowa.

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Iran–Contra affair

The Iran–Contra affair (ماجرای ایران-کنترا; Caso Irán-Contra), often referred to as the Iran–Contra scandal and more rarely as the Iran Initiative, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan administration.

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Iraq War

The Iraq War, sometimes called the Second Persian Gulf War, or Second Gulf War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States-led coalition that overthrew the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are ethnic Irish who live in the United States and are American citizens.

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J. Fred Buzhardt

Joseph Fred Buzhardt Jr (February 21, 1924 – December 16, 1978) was an American attorney and public servant. Alexander Haig and J. Fred Buzhardt are Nixon administration personnel involved in the Watergate scandal.

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Jesse Helms

Jesse Alexander Helms Jr. (October 18, 1921 – July 4, 2008) was an American politician. Alexander Haig and Jesse Helms are 20th-century American memoirists.

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Jesuits

The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (Iesuitae), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.

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Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981.

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John Milius

John Frederick Milius (born April 11, 1944) is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer.

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John Mogg (British Army officer)

General Sir Herbert John Mogg, (17 February 1913 – 28 October 2001) was a senior British Army officer who also held the NATO position of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR) and was "in his time, probably the British army's most popular general".

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Johns Hopkins Hospital

The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the United States Department of Defense, which advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters.

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José Napoleón Duarte

José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes (23 November 1925 – 23 February 1990) was a Salvadoran politician who served as President of El Salvador from 1 June 1984 to 1 June 1989.

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Joseph Luns

Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (28 August 191117 July 2002) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP), now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), diplomat, and jurist. Alexander Haig and Joseph Luns are grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Korean Service Medal

The Korean Service Medal (KSM) is a military award for service in the United States Armed Forces and was established November 8, 1950, by executive order of President Harry Truman.

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Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea; it began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea and ceased upon an armistice on 27 July 1953.

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Korean War Service Medal

The Korean War Service Medal (KWSM, 6.25사변종군기장), also known as the Republic of Korea War Service Medal (ROKWSM), is a military award of South Korea which was first authorized in December 1950.

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Land mine

A land mine, or landmine, is an explosive weapon concealed under or camouflaged on the ground, and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it.

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Legion of Merit

The Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements.

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Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1977 to 1982.

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Lower Merion High School

Lower Merion High School is a public high school in Ardmore, Pennsylvania in the Main Line suburbs of Philadelphia.

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Loyola University Maryland

Loyola University Maryland is a private Jesuit university in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Macmillan Publishers

Macmillan Publishers (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group; formally Macmillan Publishers Ltd in the UK and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC in the US) is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers (along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster).

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Margaret Holland Sargent

Margaret Holland Sargent (born December 30, 1927), also known as Meg Sargent, is an American portrait artist based in Los Angeles, California.

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Maryknoll Sisters

The Maryknoll Sisters, (formerly the Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic/Teresians) are an institute of Catholic religious sisters founded in the village of Ossining, Westchester County, New York, in 1912, six months after the 1911 creation of the Maryknoll community of missionary brothers and fathers.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Master of Arts

A Master of Arts (Magister Artium or Artium Magister; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries.

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Master of Business Administration

A Master of Business Administration (MBA; also Master in Business Administration) is a postgraduate degree focused on business administration.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Melvin Laird

Melvin Robert Laird Jr. (September 1, 1922 – November 16, 2016) was an American politician, writer and statesman.

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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, commonly shortened to MGM), is an American media company specializing in film and television production and distribution based in Beverly Hills, California.

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Military Assistance Command, Vietnam

The U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) was a joint-service command of the United States Department of Defense, composed of forces from the United States Army, United States Navy, and United States Air Force, as well as their respective special operations forces.

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Military Order of Christ

The Military Order of Christ is the former order of Knights Templar as it was reconstituted in Portugal.

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Mons, Belgium

Mons (German and Bergen,; Walloon and Mont) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

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National Defense Service Medal

The National Defense Service Medal (NDSM) is a service award of the United States Armed Forces established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953. It was awarded to every member of the U.S. Armed Forces who served during any one of four specified periods of armed conflict or national emergency from June 27, 1950 through December 31, 2022.

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National Guard (El Salvador)

The National Guard (Guardia Nacional) was the national gendarmerie of El Salvador.

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National Order of Vietnam

The National Order of Vietnam (Bảo Quốc Huân Chương) was a combined military-civilian decoration of South Vietnam and was considered the highest honor that could be bestowed upon an individual by the Republic of Vietnam government. Alexander Haig and National Order of Vietnam are Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam.

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National Reorganization Process

The National Reorganization Process (Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, often simply el Proceso, "the Process") was the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983, which received support from the United States until 1982.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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Naval War College

The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.

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Navy Distinguished Service Medal

The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 and is presented to sailors and Marines to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility. Alexander Haig and Navy Distinguished Service Medal are Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States.

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New Hampshire presidential primary

The New Hampshire presidential primary is the first in a series of nationwide party primary elections and the second party contest, the first being the Iowa caucuses, held in the United States every four years as part of the process of choosing the delegates to the Democratic and Republican national conventions which choose the party nominees for the presidential elections to be held in November.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nguyễn Văn Thiệu

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. Alexander Haig and Nguyễn Văn Thiệu are Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam) and Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam.

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Nicholas Henderson

Sir John Nicholas Henderson, (1 April 191916 March 2009), known as Nicko Henderson, was a British diplomat and writer, who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1979 to 1982.

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Nixon White House tapes

Audio recordings of conversations between U.S. President Richard Nixon and Nixon administration officials, Nixon family members, and White House staff surfaced during the Watergate scandal in 1973 and 1974, leading to Nixon's resignation.

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Oak leaf cluster

An oak leaf cluster is a ribbon device to denote preceding decorations and awards consisting of a miniature bronze or silver twig of four oak leaves with three acorns on the stem.

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Operation Linebacker

Operation Linebacker was the codename of a U.S. Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 air interdiction campaign conducted against North Vietnam from 9 May to 23 October 1972, during the Vietnam War.

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Operation Paraquet

Operation Paraquet was the code name for the British military operation to recapture the island of South Georgia from Argentine military control in April 1982 at the start of the Falklands War.

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Order of Leopold (Belgium)

The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde, Ordre de Léopold) is one of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.

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Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or Bundesverdienstorden, BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany.

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Paris Peace Accords

The Paris Peace Accords, officially the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet Nam, was a peace agreement signed on January 27, 1973, to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War.

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People's Army of Vietnam

The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), officially the Vietnam People's Army (VPA; of Vietnam), also recognized as the Vietnamese Army (lit) or the People's Army (Quân đội Nhân dân), is the national military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed wing of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the nation, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Playboy

Playboy (stylized in all caps) is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine, formerly in print and currently online.

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Presidency of Gerald Ford

Gerald Ford's tenure as the 38th president of the United States began on August 9, 1974, upon the resignation of president Richard Nixon, and ended on January 20, 1977.

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Presidency of Jimmy Carter

Jimmy Carter's tenure as the 39th president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 1977, and ended on January 20, 1981.

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Presidency of Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon's tenure as the 37th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1969, and ended when he resigned on August 9, 1974, in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the only U.S. president ever to do so.

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President pro tempore of the United States Senate

The president pro tempore of the United States Senate (often shortened to president pro tem) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate, after the vice president.

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Presidential Unit Citation (South Korea)

The Presidential Unit Citation is a military unit award of the government of Republic of Korea that may be presented to South Korean and foreign military units for outstanding performance in defense of the Republic of Korea.

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Purple Heart

The Purple Heart (PH) is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the president to those wounded or killed while serving, on or after 5 April 1917, with the U.S. military.

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Red Army Faction

The Red Army Faction (RAF),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang, was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998.

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Red Dawn

Red Dawn (Russian: Красный Pассвет) is a 1984 American action drama film directed by John Milius with a screenplay by Milius and Kevin Reynolds.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.

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Richard Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. Alexander Haig and Richard Nixon are 20th-century American memoirists and Nixon administration personnel involved in the Watergate scandal.

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Richard Nixon's resignation speech

On August 8, 1974, U.S. President Richard Nixon delivered a nationally-televised speech to the American public from the Oval Office announcing his intention to resign the presidency the following day due to the Watergate scandal.

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Richard V. Allen

Richard Vincent Allen (born January 1, 1936) is a former United States National Security Advisor serving President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1982. Alexander Haig and Richard V. Allen are united States Deputy National Security Advisors and united States presidential advisors.

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Robert E. White

Robert Edward White (September 21, 1926 – January 14, 2015) was an American career diplomat who served as US Ambassador to Paraguay (1977–1980) and to El Salvador (1980–1981).

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Robert McNamara

Robert Strange McNamara (June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American businessman and government official who served as the eighth United States secretary of defense from 1961 to 1968 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson at the height of the Cold War. Alexander Haig and Robert McNamara are 20th-century American memoirists.

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Robert T. Hartmann

Robert Trowbridge Hartmann (April 8, 1917 – April 11, 2008) was an American political advisor, speechwriter and reporter, who served as Chief of Staff for Vice President Gerald Ford and Counselor to the President when Ford was elevated to the presidency in 1974.

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Roger Morris (American writer)

Roger Paul Morris (born January 15, 1938) is an American historian, foreign policy analyst, and journalist.

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Rolf Clemens Wagner

Rolf Clemens Wagner (30 August 1944 – 11 February 2014) was a member of the left wing terrorist organisation Red Army Faction (RAF).

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library and burial site of Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Saturday Night Massacre

The "Saturday Night Massacre" was a series of resignations over the dismissal of special prosecutor Archibald Cox that took place in the United States Department of Justice during the Watergate scandal in 1973.

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Secretary General of NATO

The secretary general of NATO is the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an intergovernmental military alliance with 32 member states.

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Service star

A service star is a miniature bronze or silver five-pointed star in diameter that is authorized to be worn by members of the eight uniformed services of the United States on medals and ribbons to denote an additional award or service period.

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Seymour Hersh

Seymour Myron "Sy" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and political writer.

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Shuttle diplomacy

In diplomacy and international relations, shuttle diplomacy is the action of an outside party in serving as an intermediary between (or among) principals in a dispute, without direct principal-to-principal contact.

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Silver Star

The Silver Star Medal (SSM) is the United States Armed Forces' third-highest military decoration for valor in combat.

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Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

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South Georgia

South Georgia is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

The speaker of the United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives.

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St. Joseph's Preparatory School

St.

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St. Martin's Press

St.

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Staphylococcal infection

A staphylococcal infection or staph infection is an infection caused by members of the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria.

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Stephen Ailes

Stephen Ailes (May 25, 1912 – June 30, 2001) was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson.

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Stephen Solarz

Stephen Joshua Solarz (September 12, 1940 – November 29, 2010) was an American educator and politician who served as a United States representative from New York until his political career ended in the wake of the House banking scandal in 1992.

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Strategic Air Command

Strategic Air Command (SAC) was a United States Department of Defense Specified Command and a United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command responsible for command and control of the strategic bomber and intercontinental ballistic missile components of the United States military's strategic nuclear forces from 1946 to 1992.

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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union.

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Strom Thurmond

James Strom Thurmond Sr. (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 to 2003.

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Supreme Allied Commander Europe

The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) and head of ACO's headquarters, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). Alexander Haig and Supreme Allied Commander Europe are NATO Supreme Allied Commanders.

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Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe

The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Pentagon

The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense, in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. The building was constructed on an accelerated schedule during World War II.

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The Washington Institute for Near East Policy

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP or TWI, also known simply as The Washington Institute) is a pro-Israel American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thirty-year rule

The thirty-year rule (an informal term) is a rule in the laws of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the Commonwealth of Australia that provide that certain government documents will be released publicly thirty years after they were created.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Tip O'Neill

Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill Jr. (December 9, 1912 – January 5, 1994) was an American Democratic Party politician from Massachusetts who served as the 47th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1987, the third-longest tenure in history and the longest uninterrupted tenure. Alexander Haig and Tip O'Neill are 20th-century American memoirists.

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Triumvirate

A triumvirate (triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs (triumviri).

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Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Twenty-fifth Amendment (Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution addresses issues related to presidential succession and disability.

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United Nations Service Medal Korea

The United Nations Service Medal Korea (UNSMK) is an international military decoration established by the United Nations on December 12, 1950 as the United Nations Service Medal.

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United Press International

United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Army War College

The United States Army War College (USAWC) is a U.S. Army educational institution in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on the 500-acre (2 km2) campus of the historic Carlisle Barracks.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress, or simply Congress, is the legislature of the federal government of the United States.

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United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.

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United States European Command

The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany.

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United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs

The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, also known as the House Foreign Affairs Committee, is a standing committee of the U.S. House of Representatives with jurisdiction over bills and investigations concerning the foreign affairs of the United States.

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United States Military Academy

The United States Military Academy (USMA), also referred to metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academy in West Point, New York.

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United States National Security Council

The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters.

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United States presidential line of succession

The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which the vice president of the United States and other officers of the United States federal government assume the powers and duties of the U.S. presidency (or the office itself, in the instance of succession by the vice president) upon an elected president's death, resignation, removal from office, or incapacity.

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United States Secretary of Defense

The United States Secretary of Defense (SecDef) is the head of the United States Department of Defense, the executive department of the U.S. Armed Forces, and is a high-ranking member of the federal cabinet.

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United States Secretary of State

The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government and the head of the Department of State. Alexander Haig and United States Secretary of State are united States Secretaries of State.

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United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate.

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United States Sixth Fleet

The Sixth Fleet is a numbered fleet of the United States Navy operating as part of United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa.

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United Technologies

United Technologies Corporation (UTC) was an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Farmington, Connecticut.

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University of Notre Dame

The University of Notre Dame du Lac, known simply as Notre Dame (ND), is a private Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana.

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Valorous Unit Award

The Valorous Unit Award (VUA) is the second highest United States Army unit decoration which may be bestowed upon an Army unit after the Presidential Unit Citation (PUC).

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Vicar

A vicar (Latin: vicarius) is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand").

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Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army

The vice chief of staff of the Army (VCSA) is the principal deputy to the chief of staff of the Army, and is the second-highest-ranking officer on active duty in the Department of the Army. Alexander Haig and vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army are united States Army Vice Chiefs of Staff.

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Viet Cong

The Viet Cong was an epithet and umbrella term to call the communist-driven armed movement and united front organization in South Vietnam.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.

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Vietnam Campaign Medal

The Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, also known as the Vietnam Campaign Medal (Chiến Dịch Bội Tinh), is a South Vietnamese military campaign medal which was created in 1949, and awarded to French military personnel during the First Indochina War.

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Vietnam Service Medal

The Vietnam Service Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces established on 8 July 1965 by order of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Walter J. Stoessel Jr.

Walter John Stoessel Jr. (January 24, 1920 – December 9, 1986) was an American diplomat.

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War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Watergate scandal

The Watergate scandal was a major political controversy in the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974, ultimately resulting in Nixon's resignation.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States.

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White House Chief of Staff

The White House chief of staff is the head of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, a cabinet position in the federal government of the United States. Alexander Haig and White House Chief of Staff are united States presidential advisors and White House Chiefs of Staff.

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William P. Clark Jr.

William Patrick Clark Jr. (October 23, 1931August 10, 2013) was an American rancher, judge, and public servant who served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 to 1985.

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William Ruckelshaus

William Doyle Ruckelshaus (July 24, 1932 – November 27, 2019) was an American attorney and government official. Alexander Haig and William Ruckelshaus are Nixon administration personnel involved in the Watergate scandal.

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William Tapley Bennett Jr.

William Tapley Bennett Jr. (April 1, 1917 – November 29, 1994) was an American diplomat who served as Ambassador to the Dominican Republic during the 1965 civil war and who recommended that President Johnson intervene with United States troops.

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William Westmoreland

William Childs Westmoreland (26 March 1914 – 18 July 2005) was a United States Army general, most notably the commander of United States forces during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968. Alexander Haig and William Westmoreland are Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam), Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam, united States Army personnel of the Korean War and united States Army personnel of the Vietnam War.

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World Affairs

World Affairs is an American quarterly journal covering international relations.

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World Business Review

World Business Review is an American television infomercial series that has been criticized for pretending to be a bona fide independent news program.

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World War II Victory Medal

The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945.

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X Corps (United States)

X Corps was a corps of the United States Army in World War II and the Korean War.

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Zbigniew Brzezinski

Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzeziński (March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017), known as Zbig, was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist.

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1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador

On December 2, 1980, four Catholic missionaries from the United States working in El Salvador were raped and murdered by five members of the El Salvador National Guard (Daniel Canales Ramírez, Carlos Joaquín Contreras Palacios, Francisco Orlando Contreras Recinos, José Roberto Moreno Canjura, and Luis Antonio Colindres Alemán).

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1980 United States presidential election

The 1980 United States presidential election was the 49th quadrennial presidential election, held on November 4, 1980.

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1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands

The Invasion of the Falkland Islands (Invasión de las Islas Malvinas), code-named Operation Rosario (Operación Rosario), was a military operation launched by Argentine forces on 2 April 1982, to capture the Falkland Islands, and served as a catalyst for the subsequent Falklands War.

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1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon War began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon.

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1988 Republican Party presidential primaries

From January 14 to June 14, 1988, Republican voters chose their nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election.

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1st Infantry Division (United States)

The 1st Infantry Division (1ID) is a combined arms division of the United States Army, and is the oldest continuously serving division in the Regular Army.

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60 Minutes II

60 Minutes II (also known as 60 Minutes Wednesday and 60 Minutes) was an American weekly primetime news magazine television program that was intended to replicate the "signature style, journalistic quality and integrity" of the original 60 Minutes series.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Haig

Also known as Alexander Hague, Alexander Haig Jr., Alexander Haig, Jr., Alexander M. Haig, Alexander M. Haig Jr., Alexander M. Haig, Jr., Alexander Meigs Haig, Alexander Meigs Haig Jr., Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr., Haig, Alexander, Haigspeak, Regina Haig Meredith.

, Deputy National Security Advisor, Dictatorships and Double Standards, Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Air and Space Forces), Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army), Donald Rumsfeld, Douglas MacArthur, Easter Offensive, Eastern Bloc, Edmund Muskie, Edward Almond, El Salvador, Emeritus, Encarta, Falklands War, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Fort Myer, Frank Haig, Frederick C. Weyand, Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam), General (United States), General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, George C. Marshall, George H. W. Bush, George Shultz, George W. Bush, Georgetown University, Gerald Ford, Gerd Schmückle, Gettysburg Address, Grand Central Publishing, H. R. Haldeman, Haiphong, Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense), Harry Gray (business executive), Harry Tuzo, Harvard International Review, Henry Kissinger, Hillary Clinton, Hungnam evacuation, International relations, Iowa caucuses, Iran–Contra affair, Iraq War, Irish Americans, J. Fred Buzhardt, Jesse Helms, Jesuits, Jimmy Carter, John Milius, John Mogg (British Army officer), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Joint Chiefs of Staff, José Napoleón Duarte, Joseph Luns, Korean Service Medal, Korean War, Korean War Service Medal, Land mine, Legion of Merit, Leonid Brezhnev, Lower Merion High School, Loyola University Maryland, Macmillan Publishers, Margaret Holland Sargent, Maryknoll Sisters, Maryland, Master of Arts, Master of Business Administration, Mediterranean Sea, Melvin Laird, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, Military Order of Christ, Mons, Belgium, National Defense Service Medal, National Guard (El Salvador), National Order of Vietnam, National Reorganization Process, NATO, Naval War College, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, New Hampshire, New Hampshire presidential primary, New York City, Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, Nicholas Henderson, Nixon White House tapes, Oak leaf cluster, Operation Linebacker, Operation Paraquet, Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Paris Peace Accords, People's Army of Vietnam, Philadelphia, Physics, Playboy, Presidency of Gerald Ford, Presidency of Jimmy Carter, Presidency of Richard Nixon, President pro tempore of the United States Senate, Presidential Unit Citation (South Korea), Purple Heart, Red Army Faction, Red Dawn, Republican Party (United States), Richard Nixon, Richard Nixon's resignation speech, Richard V. Allen, Robert E. White, Robert McNamara, Robert T. Hartmann, Roger Morris (American writer), Rolf Clemens Wagner, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Royal Navy, Saturday Night Massacre, Secretary General of NATO, Service star, Seymour Hersh, Shuttle diplomacy, Silver Star, Simon & Schuster, South Georgia, South Vietnam, Soviet Union, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, St. Joseph's Preparatory School, St. Martin's Press, Staphylococcal infection, Stephen Ailes, Stephen Solarz, Strategic Air Command, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Strom Thurmond, Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Texas, The Guardian, The New York Times, The Pentagon, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Washington Post, Thirty-year rule, Time (magazine), Tip O'Neill, Triumvirate, Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, United Nations Service Medal Korea, United Press International, United States Army, United States Army War College, United States Congress, United States Department of Defense, United States Department of State, United States European Command, United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States Military Academy, United States National Security Council, United States presidential line of succession, United States Secretary of Defense, United States Secretary of State, United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Sixth Fleet, United Technologies, University of Notre Dame, Valorous Unit Award, Vicar, Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Viet Cong, Vietnam, Vietnam Campaign Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, Vietnam War, Walter J. Stoessel Jr., War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), Washington, D.C., Watergate scandal, White House, White House Chief of Staff, William P. Clark Jr., William Ruckelshaus, William Tapley Bennett Jr., William Westmoreland, World Affairs, World Business Review, World War II Victory Medal, X Corps (United States), Zbigniew Brzezinski, 1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador, 1980 United States presidential election, 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, 1982 Lebanon War, 1988 Republican Party presidential primaries, 1st Infantry Division (United States), 60 Minutes II.

Alexander Haig, the Glossary

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