Alexis Clairaut, the Glossary
Alexis Claude Clairaut (13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist.[1]
Table of Contents
54 relations: Académie Française, Apsidal precession, Apsis, Astrology, Astronomer, Calculus, Cambridge University Press, Center of mass, Charles Bossut, Child prodigy, Clairaut's equation, Clairaut's relation (differential geometry), Clairaut's theorem (gravity), Colin Maclaurin, Comet, Computer (occupation), Differential geometry, Discrete Fourier transform, Ellipsoid, Equator, Experiential learning, Fellow of the Royal Society, Figure of the Earth, French Academy of Sciences, Geometry, Geophysics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gravity, Halley's Comet, Intermolecular force, Inverse-square law, Isaac Newton, Jérôme Lalande, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Leonhard Euler, Longitude, Mathematics, Meridian arc, Moon, Nicole-Reine Lepaute, Orbit, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Physics, Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Princeton University Press, Royal Society, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sápmi, Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, ... Expand index (4 more) »
Académie Française
The Académie Française, also known as the French Academy, is the principal French council for matters pertaining to the French language.
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Apsidal precession
In celestial mechanics, apsidal precession (or apsidal advance) is the precession (gradual rotation) of the line connecting the apsides (line of apsides) of an astronomical body's orbit.
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Apsis
An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.
Astrology
Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Calculus
Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Center of mass
In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero.
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Charles Bossut
Charles Bossut (11 August 1730 – 14 January 1814) was a French mathematician and confrère of the Encyclopaedists. Alexis Clairaut and Charles Bossut are 18th-century French mathematicians.
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Child prodigy
A child prodigy is a person under the age of ten who produces meaningful work in some domain at the level of an adult expert.
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Clairaut's equation
In mathematical analysis, Clairaut's equation (or the Clairaut equation) is a differential equation of the form where f is continuously differentiable.
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Clairaut's relation (differential geometry)
In classical differential geometry, Clairaut's relation, named after Alexis Claude de Clairaut, is a formula that characterizes the great circle paths on the unit sphere.
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Clairaut's theorem (gravity)
Clairaut's theorem characterizes the surface gravity on a viscous rotating ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium under the action of its gravitational field and centrifugal force.
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Colin Maclaurin
Colin Maclaurin (Cailean MacLabhruinn; February 1698 – 14 June 1746) was a Scottish mathematician who made important contributions to geometry and algebra.
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Comet
A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing.
Computer (occupation)
The term "computer", in use from the early 17th century (the first known written reference dates from 1613), meant "one who computes": a person performing mathematical calculations, before calculators became available.
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Differential geometry
Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that studies the geometry of smooth shapes and smooth spaces, otherwise known as smooth manifolds.
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Discrete Fourier transform
In mathematics, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) converts a finite sequence of equally-spaced samples of a function into a same-length sequence of equally-spaced samples of the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), which is a complex-valued function of frequency.
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Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.
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Equator
The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
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Experiential learning
Experiential learning (ExL) is the process of learning through experience, and is more narrowly defined as "learning through reflection on doing".
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Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".
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Figure of the Earth
In geodesy, the figure of the Earth is the size and shape used to model planet Earth.
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French Academy of Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.
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Geometry
Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures.
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Geophysics
Geophysics is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics.
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Gravity
In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.
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Halley's Comet
Halley's Comet is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years.
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Intermolecular force
An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.
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Inverse-square law
In science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.
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Jérôme Lalande
Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande (11 July 1732 – 4April 1807) was a French astronomer, freemason and writer. Alexis Clairaut and Jérôme Lalande are 18th-century French astronomers.
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Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Alexis Clairaut and Jean le Rond d'Alembert are 18th-century French mathematicians.
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Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler (15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician, and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus.
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Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body.
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Mathematics
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.
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Meridian arc
In geodesy and navigation, a meridian arc is the curve between two points on the Earth's surface having the same longitude.
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Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
Nicole-Reine Lepaute
Nicole-Reine Lepaute (5 January 1723 – 6 December 1788), also erroneously known as Hortense Lepaute, was a French astronomer and human computer. Alexis Clairaut and Nicole-Reine Lepaute are 18th-century French astronomers, 18th-century French mathematicians and scientists from Paris.
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Orbit
In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) often referred to as simply the Principia, is a book by Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation.
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
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Physics
Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
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Pierre Louis Maupertuis
Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. Alexis Clairaut and Pierre Louis Maupertuis are 18th-century French astronomers and 18th-century French mathematicians.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.
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Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.
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Sápmi
Sápmi (from) is the cultural region traditionally inhabited by the Sámi people.
Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish mathematician and physicist.
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Symmetry of second derivatives
In mathematics, the symmetry of second derivatives (also called the equality of mixed partials) is the fact that exchanging the order of partial derivatives of a multivariate function does not change the result if some continuity conditions are satisfied (see below); that is, the second-order partial derivatives satisfy the identities In other words, the matrix of the second-order partial derivatives, known as the Hessian matrix, is a symmetric matrix.
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Three-body problem
In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem involves taking the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses that orbit each other in space and calculating their subsequent trajectories using Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation.
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Tortuosity
Tortuosity is widely used as a critical parameter to predict transport properties of porous media, such as rocks and soils.
See Alexis Clairaut and Tortuosity
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Clairaut
Also known as Alexis Clairault, Alexis Claude Clairault, Alexis Claude Clairaut, Alexis Claude de Clairault, Alexis Claude de Clairaut, Alexis-Claude Clairault, Alexis-Claude Clairaut.
, Symmetry of second derivatives, Three-body problem, Tortuosity, Venus.