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Algerian Civil War, the Glossary

The Algerian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية الجزائرية), known in Algeria as the Black Decade (العشرية السوداء, La décennie noire), was a civil war fought between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups from 11 January 1992 (following a coup negating an Islamist electoral victory) to 8 February 2002.^[1]

166 relations: A History of Algeria, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962, Abbassi Madani, Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Abdelbaki Sahraoui, Abdelhak Layada, Abdelkader Hachani, Abdelmalek Droukdel, Afghan Arabs, Agence France-Presse, Ahmed Ouyahia, Air France Flight 8969, Al Jazeera English, Al-Qaeda, Algeria, Algerian People's National Army, Algerian War, Algiers, Algiers 1 University, Ali Benhadj, Ali Kafi, Allah, Amari Saifi, Amnesty, Amnesty International, Andrea Riccardi, Anti-imperialism, Anwar Haddam, Arab socialism, Arab Spring, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, Arson, Assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf, Battle of Ain Defla, BBC News, Bentalha massacre, Berbers, Blasphemy, Boufarik, Caliphate, Censorship in Algeria, Chad, Chadli Bendjedid, Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation, Cheb Hasni, Civil war, Clan, Community of Sant'Egidio, Conscription, ... Expand index (116 more) »
1990s in Algeria
2000s in Algeria
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Africa
Civil wars of the 21st century
Coup-based civil wars
Dirty wars
Religion-based civil wars

A History of Algeria

A History of Algeria is a book by James McDougall and published in 2017 by Cambridge University Press.

See Algerian Civil War and A History of Algeria

A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962

A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962 is a book by Alistair Horne and first published by Viking Press in 1977.

See Algerian Civil War and A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954–1962

Abbassi Madani

Abbassi Madani (28 February 1931 – 24 April 2019) was an Algerian politician who was the President of the Islamic Salvation Front.

See Algerian Civil War and Abbassi Madani

Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas

The Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas (دير سيدة الأطلس; Abbaye Notre-Dame de l'Atlas) is a Catholic monastery of Trappists, inaugurated on March 7, 1938, in Tibhirine, close to Médéa, in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas

Abdelaziz Bouteflika

Abdelaziz Bouteflika (ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Būtaflīqa; 2 March 1937 – 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as the seventh president of Algeria from 1999 to his resignation in 2019.

See Algerian Civil War and Abdelaziz Bouteflika

Abdelbaki Sahraoui

Abdelbaki Sahraoui (عبد الباقي صحرواي) (August 25 1910 - July 11 1995), was a co-founder of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Abdelbaki Sahraoui

Abdelhak Layada

Abdelhak Layada (عبد الحق العيايدة; born 1959), also known as Abu Adlane, is one of the founders of Algeria's militant Islamist group Armed Islamic Group (GIA) during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Abdelhak Layada

Abdelkader Hachani

Abdelkader Hachani (عبد القادر حشاني; 26 December 1956 – 22 November 1999) was a leading figure and founding member of the Islamic Salvation Front (or FIS), an Algerian Islamic party.

See Algerian Civil War and Abdelkader Hachani

Abdelmalek Droukdel

Abdelmalek Droukdel (عبد المالك دروكدال; 20 April 1970 – 3 June 2020), also known by his alias as Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud (أبو مصعب عبد الودود), was the emir, or leader, of the Algerian Islamic militant group Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), formerly the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC).

See Algerian Civil War and Abdelmalek Droukdel

Afghan Arabs

Afghan Arabs (also known as Arab-Afghans) are Arab and other Muslim Islamist mujahideen who came to Afghanistan during and following the Soviet–Afghan War to aid the war efforts of native Muslims in the DRA.

See Algerian Civil War and Afghan Arabs

Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

See Algerian Civil War and Agence France-Presse

Ahmed Ouyahia

Ahmed Ouyahia (Aḥmad ʾŪyaḥyā; 2 July 1952) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria four times (1995–98, 2004–2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019).

See Algerian Civil War and Ahmed Ouyahia

Air France Flight 8969

Air France Flight 8969 was an Air France flight that was hijacked on 24 December 1994 by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA) at Houari Boumediene Airport, Algiers.

See Algerian Civil War and Air France Flight 8969

Al Jazeera English

Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.

See Algerian Civil War and Al Jazeera English

Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate.

See Algerian Civil War and Al-Qaeda

Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

See Algerian Civil War and Algeria

Algerian People's National Army

The Algerian People's National Army is the military force of Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Algerian People's National Army

Algerian War

The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence)الثورة الجزائرية al-Thawra al-Jaza'iriyah; Guerre d'Algérie (and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November) was a major armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. Algerian Civil War and Algerian War are civil wars involving the states and peoples of Africa, Dirty wars, guerrilla wars and Proxy wars.

See Algerian Civil War and Algerian War

Algiers

Algiers (al-Jazāʾir) is the capital and largest city of Algeria, located in the north-central part of the country.

See Algerian Civil War and Algiers

Algiers 1 University

The University of Algiers (جامعة الجزائر), commonly called the Algiers 1 University or Benyoucef Benkhedda (بن يوسف بن خـدة), is a public research university based in Algiers, Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Algiers 1 University

Ali Benhadj

Ali Benhadj (also Belhadj; translit; born 16 December 1956) is an Algerian Islamist activist and preacher and cofounder of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) political party, the winner of the June 1990 local elections and the 1991 Algerian legislative election.

See Algerian Civil War and Ali Benhadj

Ali Kafi

Ali Kafi (علي كافي; ALA-LC: ʿAlī Kāfī; 7 October 1928 – 16 April 2013) was an Algerian politician who was Chairman of the High Council of State and acting President from 1992 to 1994.

See Algerian Civil War and Ali Kafi

Allah

Allah (ﷲ|translit.

See Algerian Civil War and Allah

Amari Saifi

Amari Saifi (born 23 April 1968), also known under his aliases Abou Haidara or Abderrazak le Para, is one of the leaders of the Islamist militia Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC).

See Algerian Civil War and Amari Saifi

Amnesty

Amnesty is defined as "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted." Though the term general pardon has a similar definition, an amnesty constitutes more than a pardon, in so much as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense.

See Algerian Civil War and Amnesty

Amnesty International

Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.

See Algerian Civil War and Amnesty International

Andrea Riccardi

Andrea Riccardi (born 16 January 1950) is an Italian historian, professor, politician and activist, founder of the Community of Sant'Egidio.

See Algerian Civil War and Andrea Riccardi

Anti-imperialism

Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is opposition to imperialism or neocolonialism.

See Algerian Civil War and Anti-imperialism

Anwar Haddam

Anwar Haddam (أنور هدام) was a leader of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), an Islamist party in Algeria, and was elected to parliament on a FIS ticket in 1991 - Algeria's first multiparty elections.

See Algerian Civil War and Anwar Haddam

Arab socialism (Al-Ishtirākīya Al-‘Arabīya) is a political ideology based on the combination of pan-Arabism and socialism.

See Algerian Civil War and Arab socialism

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring (ar-rabīʻ al-ʻarabī) or the First Arab Spring (to distinguish from the Second Arab Spring) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s.

See Algerian Civil War and Arab Spring

Armed Islamic Group of Algeria

The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from Groupe Islamique Armé; al-Jamāʿa al-ʾIslāmiyya al-Musallaḥa) was one of the two main Islamist insurgent groups that fought the Algerian government and army in the Algerian Civil War. Algerian Civil War and Armed Islamic Group of Algeria are 1990s in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Armed Islamic Group of Algeria

Arson

Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property.

See Algerian Civil War and Arson

Assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf

The assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf took place on 29 June 1992.

See Algerian Civil War and Assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf

Battle of Ain Defla

The Battle of Ain Defla was a major five-day-long battle from 26 to 31 March 1995 during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Battle of Ain Defla

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

See Algerian Civil War and BBC News

Bentalha massacre

In the village of Bentalha (Arabic: بن طلحة), located 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Algiers, an incident occurred on the night of 22–23 September 1997, where a significant number of villagers lost their lives due to the actions of armed guerrillas.

See Algerian Civil War and Bentalha massacre

Berbers

Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also called by their endonym Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Arab migrations to the Maghreb.

See Algerian Civil War and Berbers

Blasphemy

Blasphemy refers to an insult that shows contempt, disrespect or lack of reverence concerning a deity, an object considered sacred, or something considered inviolable.

See Algerian Civil War and Blasphemy

Boufarik

Boufarik is a town in Blida Province, Algeria, approximately 30 km from Algiers.

See Algerian Civil War and Boufarik

Caliphate

A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.

See Algerian Civil War and Caliphate

Censorship in Algeria

The working conditions of journalists in Algeria have evolved since the 1962 independence.

See Algerian Civil War and Censorship in Algeria

Chad

Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa.

See Algerian Civil War and Chad

Chadli Bendjedid

Chadli Bendjedid (الشاذلي بن جديد; ALA-LC: ash-Shādhilī bin Jadīd; 14 April 1929 – 6 October 2012) was an Algerian nationalist politician who served as the third President of Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Chadli Bendjedid

Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation

The Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation was a charter proposed by Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, in an attempt to bring closure to the Algerian Civil War by offering an amnesty for most violence committed in it.

See Algerian Civil War and Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation

Cheb Hasni

Cheb Hasni (Arabic: الشاب حسني), born Hasni Chakroun (Arabic: حسني شقرون), (1 February 1968 – 29 September 1994), was an Algerian raï singer.

See Algerian Civil War and Cheb Hasni

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).

See Algerian Civil War and Civil war

Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

See Algerian Civil War and Clan

The Community of Sant'Egidio (Comunità di Sant'Egidio) is a lay Catholic association dedicated to social service, founded in 1968 under the leadership of Andrea Riccardi.

See Algerian Civil War and Community of Sant'Egidio

Conscription

Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.

See Algerian Civil War and Conscription

Constitution of Algeria

An Algerian Constitution was first adopted by a referendum in 1963, following the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62); originally, it was to be drafted by a constitutional assembly led by Ferhat Abbas, but this body was sidelined by Algeria's first President, Ahmed Ben Bella.

See Algerian Civil War and Constitution of Algeria

Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

See Algerian Civil War and Coup d'état

Democratic National Rally

The Democratic National Rally (translit;, RND) is a political party in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Democratic National Rally

Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS)

The Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS) (Arabic: دائرة الإستعلاموالأمن) (Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité) was the Algerian state intelligence service.

See Algerian Civil War and Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS)

Dialogue

Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange.

See Algerian Civil War and Dialogue

Djamel Zitouni

Abu Abdul-Rahman Amine, born Djamel bin Mohamed Zitouni (January 5, 1964 in Les Eucalyptus, Algiers Province – July 16, 1996), was the leader of the Algerian Armed Islamic Group (1994–1996), a terrorist group responsible for carrying out a series of bombings in France in 1995.

See Algerian Civil War and Djamel Zitouni

Economic liberalization

Economic liberalization, or economic liberalisation, is the lessening of government regulations and restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private entities.

See Algerian Civil War and Economic liberalization

Edward Djerejian

Edward Peter Djerejian (born March 6, 1939) is a former United States diplomat who served in eight administrations from John F. Kennedy to Bill Clinton (1962–94.) He served as the United States Ambassador to Syria (1988–91) and Israel (1993–94), Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan and Deputy Press Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1985–1986), and was Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs (1991–1993.) He was the founding director of Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy (1994-2022) He is a senior fellow at the Middle East Initiative at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and is on the board of trustees of the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

See Algerian Civil War and Edward Djerejian

Egyptian Islamic Jihad

The Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ, الجهاد الإسلامي المصري), formerly called simply Islamic Jihad (الجهاد الإسلامي) and the Liberation Army for Holy Sites, originally referred to as al-Jihad, and then the Jihad Group, or the Jihad Organization, was an Egyptian Islamist group active since the late 1970s.

See Algerian Civil War and Egyptian Islamic Jihad

El Watan

(Arabic:الوطن, meaning the Homeland) is an independent French-language newspaper in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and El Watan

Enforced disappearance

An enforced disappearance (or forced disappearance) is the secret abduction or imprisonment of a person with the support or acquiescence of a state followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate or whereabouts with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.

See Algerian Civil War and Enforced disappearance

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

See Algerian Civil War and European Union

An extrajudicial killing (also known as an extrajudicial execution or an extralegal killing) is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding.

See Algerian Civil War and Extrajudicial killing

Fatwa

A fatwa (translit; label) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist (faqih) in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government.

See Algerian Civil War and Fatwa

Fellow traveller

A fellow traveller (also fellow traveler) is a person who is intellectually sympathetic to the ideology of a political organization, and who co-operates in the organization's politics, without being a formal member.

See Algerian Civil War and Fellow traveller

Fouad Ajami

Fouad A. Ajami (فؤاد عجمي; September 18, 1945 – June 22, 2014) was a Lebanese-born American university professor and writer on Middle Eastern issues.

See Algerian Civil War and Fouad Ajami

Garde communale

In Algeria, the Garde Communale (Arabic: الحرس البلدي), was a paramilitary troop in charge of monitoring and protecting the municipalities during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Garde communale

General Union of Algerian Workers

The General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the main Algerian trade union, established February 24, 1956 with the objective of mobilizing Algerian labour against French colonial and capitalist interests.

See Algerian Civil War and General Union of Algerian Workers

Guemar

Guemar (ﻗﻤﺎر) is a Saharan oasis town in Algeria near the Tunisian border, in the Oued Souf area of the El Oued Province, about 20 km north of El Oued.

See Algerian Civil War and Guemar

Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.

See Algerian Civil War and Guerrilla warfare

Gulf War

The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.

See Algerian Civil War and Gulf War

Hassan Hattab

Hassan Hattab (born 14 January 1967), also known as Abu Hamza, is the founder and first leader of the Algerian Jihadist rebel group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) from 1998 to 2003.

See Algerian Civil War and Hassan Hattab

High Council of State (Algeria)

The High Council of State in Algeria was a collective presidency set up by the Algerian High Council of Security on 14 January 1992 following the annulled elections in December 1991.

See Algerian Civil War and High Council of State (Algeria)

History and the Culture of Nationalism in Algeria

History and the Culture of Nationalism in Algeria is a book by James McDougall published originally by Cambridge University Press in 2006.

See Algerian Civil War and History and the Culture of Nationalism in Algeria

History of Algeria (1962–1999)

The History of Algeria from 1962 to 1999 includes the period starting with preparations for independence and the aftermath of the independence war with France in the 1960s to the Civil War and the 1999 presidential election. Algerian Civil War and History of Algeria (1962–1999) are 1990s in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and History of Algeria (1962–1999)

History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Gaddafi became the de facto leader of Libya on 1 September 1969 after leading a group of young Libyan Army officers against King Idris I in a bloodless coup d'état.

See Algerian Civil War and History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi

Human rights in Algeria

In 2011, the then Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika lifted a state of emergency that had been in place since the end of the Algerian Civil War in 2002, as a result of the Arab Spring protests that had occurred throughout the Arab world.

See Algerian Civil War and Human rights in Algeria

Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

See Algerian Civil War and Human Rights Watch

Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

An Islamist insurgency is taking place in the Maghreb region of North Africa, followed on from the end of the Algerian Civil War in 2002.

See Algerian Civil War and Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

International Center for Transitional Justice

The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) was founded in 2001 as a non-profit organization dedicated to pursuing accountability for mass atrocity and human rights abuse through transitional justice mechanisms.

See Algerian Civil War and International Center for Transitional Justice

International Federation for Human Rights

The International Federation for Human Rights (Fédération internationale pour les droits humains; FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations.

See Algerian Civil War and International Federation for Human Rights

Islamic Armed Movement

The Islamic Armed Movement was an Islamic guerrilla group and terrorist organization in northern Algeria in the 1980s and 90s.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic Armed Movement

Islamic Front for Armed Jihad

The Islamic Front for Armed Jihad (French name, Front Islamique du Djihad Armé, hence the abbreviation FIDA) was a militant Islamist organization active during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic Front for Armed Jihad

Islamic Renaissance Movement

The Islamic Renaissance Movement (حركة النهضة الاسلامية, Ḥarakat An-Nahḑa Al-Islāmiyya; Mouvement de la Renaissance Islamique, MRI) is a moderate Islamist political party of Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic Renaissance Movement

Islamic revival

Islamic revival (تجديد, lit., "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion, usually centered around enforcing sharia.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic revival

Islamic Salvation Army

The Islamic Salvation Army (AIS) was the armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front, which was founded in Algeria on 18 July 1994.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic Salvation Army

Islamic Salvation Front

The Islamic Salvation Front (al-Jabhah al-Islāmiyah lil-Inqādh; Front islamique du salut, FIS) was an Islamist political party in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic Salvation Front

Islamic state

An Islamic state has a form of government based on sharia law.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamic state

Islamism

Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.

See Algerian Civil War and Islamism

Jeune Afrique

Jeune Afrique (English: Young Africa) is a French-language pan-African weekly news magazine, founded in 1960 in Tunis and subsequently published in Paris by Jeune Afrique Media Group.

See Algerian Civil War and Jeune Afrique

Jihad

Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.

See Algerian Civil War and Jihad

Killing of Antar Zouabri

On 8 February 2002, Antar Zouabri, leader of the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA), was killed at age 31 in a shootout with Algerian security forces in his hometown of Boufarik, 25 km south of Algiers.

See Algerian Civil War and Killing of Antar Zouabri

L'Humanité

() is a French daily newspaper.

See Algerian Civil War and L'Humanité

Lambarek Boumaarafi

Lambarek Boumaarafi (born 1966 in Meskiana) is a former second lieutenant of the special intervention group (GIS) of the Algerian Army who, on 29 June 1992 in Annaba, assassinated Algerian president Mohamed Boudiaf.

See Algerian Civil War and Lambarek Boumaarafi

Le Monde

Le Monde (The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper.

See Algerian Civil War and Le Monde

Les éradicateurs

In the politics of Algeria, Les éradicateurs ("The Eradicators") are a faction within the Algerian political and military establishment during that country's civil war, which from 1992 pitted Islamist rebels against a military-installed government.

See Algerian Civil War and Les éradicateurs

Les dialoguistes

Les dialoguistes ("The Dialoguers") is the French language popular term for a faction within the Algerian political and military establishment during that country's civil war, which from 1992 pitted Islamist rebels against a military-installed government.

See Algerian Civil War and Les dialoguistes

Liamine Zéroual

Liamine Zéroual (اليمين زروال ALA-LC: al-Yamīn Zarwāl; Berber: Lyamin Ẓerwal; born 3 July 1941) is an Algerian politician who was the sixth President of Algeria from 30 January 1994 to 27 April 1999.

See Algerian Civil War and Liamine Zéroual

List of Algerian assassinated journalists

The following is a list of Algerian journalists who have been assassinated by Islamist terrorism in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and List of Algerian assassinated journalists

List of armed groups in the Algerian Civil War

Several non-governmental armed terrorist groups were involved in the Algerian Civil War, most against the government.

See Algerian Civil War and List of armed groups in the Algerian Civil War

List of massacres during the Algerian Civil War

Many massacres were committed during the Algerian Civil War that began in 1991.

See Algerian Civil War and List of massacres during the Algerian Civil War

Lynne Rienner Publishers

Lynne Rienner Publishers is an independent scholarly and textbook publishing firm based in Boulder, Colorado.

See Algerian Civil War and Lynne Rienner Publishers

Mahfoud Nahnah

Mahfoud Nahnah (محفوظ نحناح; 27 January 1942 – 19 June 2003) was an Algerian politician who served as the leader of the Islamist political party Movement of Society for Peace (commonly referred to as Hamas) in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Mahfoud Nahnah

Mali

Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.

See Algerian Civil War and Mali

Mário Soares

Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th president of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.

See Algerian Civil War and Mário Soares

Mohamed Boudiaf

Mohamed Boudiaf (23 June 1919 – 29 June 1992, محمد بوضياف; ALA-LC: Muḥammad Bū-Ḍiyāf), also called Si Tayeb el Watani, was an Algerian political leader and one of the founders of the revolutionary National Liberation Front (FLN) that led the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962).

See Algerian Civil War and Mohamed Boudiaf

Mohamed Lamari

Lt.

See Algerian Civil War and Mohamed Lamari

Mohamed Mediène

General Mohamed Mediène (الجنرال محمد مدين), also known as Toufik (توفيق), is an Algerian intelligence officer who formerly served as head of the country's secret services, the Intelligence and Security Department (Département du renseignement et de la sécurité, DRS), from 1990 to 2015.

See Algerian Civil War and Mohamed Mediène

Mohammed al-Ghazali

Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa (1917–1996) (الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا.) was an Islamic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians".

See Algerian Civil War and Mohammed al-Ghazali

Movement of Society for Peace

The Movement of Society for Peace (Harakat Mujtama' as-Silm), sometimes known by its shortened form Hamas, is a Sunni Islamist party in Algeria, led by Mahfoud Nahnah until his death in 2003.

See Algerian Civil War and Movement of Society for Peace

Murder of the monks of Tibhirine

On the night of 26–27 March 1996, seven monks of the Trappist order from the Our Lady of the Atlas Abbey of Tibhirine near Médéa, Algeria, were kidnapped during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Murder of the monks of Tibhirine

Muslim Brotherhood

The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون) is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.

See Algerian Civil War and Muslim Brotherhood

Mustafa Bouyali

Mustafa Bouyali (Arabic: مصطفى بويعلي) was the leader of the Algerian Islamic Armed Movement, a guerrilla group based around Larbaa south of Algiers, from 1982 to 1987.

See Algerian Civil War and Mustafa Bouyali

Mustapha Kartali

Mustapha Kartali (or Kertali) was the main Islamist guerrilla leader in the Larbaa region during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Mustapha Kartali

Nabil Sahraoui

Nabil Sahraoui (26 September 1969 – 20 June 2004), alias Mustapha Abou Ibrahim, was an Algerian Islamist militant, and the head of the radical Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat (GSPC, later renamed Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb) from August 2003 until his death the following year.

See Algerian Civil War and Nabil Sahraoui

National Liberation Front (Algeria)

The National Liberation Front (translit; Front de libération nationale) commonly known by its French acronym FLN, is a nationalist political party in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and National Liberation Front (Algeria)

Niger

Niger or the Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a country in West Africa.

See Algerian Civil War and Niger

Organisation of Young Free Algerians

The Organization of Young Free Algerians (OJAL, French: Organisation des jeunes Algériens libres) was a pro-government armed group that claimed credit for various attacks against civilians who sympathised with the Islamists during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Organisation of Young Free Algerians

Peshawar

Peshawar (پېښور; پشور;; پشاور) is the sixth most populous city of Pakistan, with a district population of over 4.7 million in the 2023 census.

See Algerian Civil War and Peshawar

Political Islam

Political Islam is any interpretation of Islam as a source of political identity and action.

See Algerian Civil War and Political Islam

Politics of Algeria

Politics of Algeria takes place in a framework of a constitutional semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Algeria is head of state while the Prime Minister of Algeria is the head of government.

See Algerian Civil War and Politics of Algeria

Popular democracy

Popular democracy is a notion of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will.

See Algerian Civil War and Popular democracy

Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

See Algerian Civil War and Quran

Rabeh Kebir

Rabah Kebir (رابح كبير) was an Algerian islamic leader, and a former leader of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), an islamic Algerian party which won the elections in the nineties.

See Algerian Civil War and Rabeh Kebir

Rais massacre

The Rais massacre, of August 28, 1997, was one of Algeria's bloodiest massacres of the 1990s.

See Algerian Civil War and Rais massacre

Rally for Culture and Democracy

The Rally for Culture and Democracy (Agraw i Yidles d Tugdut; التجمع من أجل الثقافة والديمقراطية; Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie, RCD) is a political party in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Rally for Culture and Democracy

Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

See Algerian Civil War and Reuters

Sahara

The Sahara is a desert spanning across North Africa.

See Algerian Civil War and Sahara

Salafi jihadism

Salafi jihadism, also known as revolutionary Salafism or jihadist Salafism, is a religious-political Sunni Islamist ideology that seeks to establish a global caliphate, characterized by the advocacy of "physical" (military) jihadist attacks on non-Muslim targets.

See Algerian Civil War and Salafi jihadism

Salafi movement

The Salafi movement or Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam, which was formed as a socio-religious movement during the late 19th century and has remained influential in the Islamic world for over a century.

See Algerian Civil War and Salafi movement

Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat

The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (الجماعة السلفية للدعوة والقتال), known by the French acronym GSPC (Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat), was an Algerian islamist terrorist faction in the Algerian Civil War founded in 1998 by Hassan Hattab, a former regional commander of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA).

See Algerian Civil War and Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat

Sant'Egidio platform

The Sant'Egidio Platform of January 13, 1995 was an attempt by most of the major Algerian opposition parties to create a framework for peace and plan to end to the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Sant'Egidio platform

Serkadji Prison

Serkadji Prison, formerly Barberousse Prison, is a high-security prison in Algiers, Algeria; in 1995, about two-thirds of the 1,500 prisoners detained are (or were) accused or convicted of terrorism.

See Algerian Civil War and Serkadji Prison

Sharia

Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.

See Algerian Civil War and Sharia

The Socialist Forces Front; is a social democratic and secularist political party, mainly supported by Berbers in Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Socialist Forces Front

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Algerian Civil War and Soviet Union

State of emergency

A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens.

See Algerian Civil War and State of emergency

Tahar Djaout

Tahar Djaout (11 January 1954 – 2 June 1993) was an Algerian journalist, poet, and fiction writer.

See Algerian Civil War and Tahar Djaout

Takfir

Takfir (translit) is an Arabic and Islamic term which denotes excommunication from Islam of one Muslim by another, i.e. accusing another Muslim to be an apostate.

See Algerian Civil War and Takfir

Takfir wal-Hijra

Takfir wal-Hijra (التكفير والهجرة, translation: "Excommunication and Exodus", alternatively "excommunication and emigration" or "anathema and exile"), was the popular name given to a radical Islamist group Jama'at al-Muslimin founded by Shukri Mustafa which emerged in Egypt in the 1960s as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood.

See Algerian Civil War and Takfir wal-Hijra

Tamesguida

Tamesguida is a town and commune in Médéa Province, Algeria.

See Algerian Civil War and Tamesguida

Tazoult prison escape

On 10 March 1994, 1,000 to 1,200 inmates (mainly Islamist militiants) escaped from a prison in Tazoult, Algeria, who were fighting to overthrow the Algerian government since early 1992.

See Algerian Civil War and Tazoult prison escape

Terrorist bombings in Algeria

Many bombings were committed during the Algerian Civil War that began in 1991.

See Algerian Civil War and Terrorist bombings in Algeria

Thalit massacre

The Thalit massacre took place in Thalit village (Médéa, near Ksar el Boukhari), some 70 km from Algiers, on April 3–4, 1997 during the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and Thalit massacre

The Atlantic

The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.

See Algerian Civil War and The Atlantic

Timeline of the Algerian Civil War

The Algerian Civil War was an armed conflict in Algeria between the Algerian Government and multiple Islamist rebel groups, sparked by a military overthrow of the newly elected Islamist government.

See Algerian Civil War and Timeline of the Algerian Civil War

Tipaza Province

Tipaza or Tipasa (ولاية تيبازة, Tibaza, older Tefessedt) is a province (wilaya) on the coast of Algeria, Its capital is Tipaza, 50 km west of the capital of Algeria, and 70 km east of Mahelma Forest.

See Algerian Civil War and Tipaza Province

Trappists

The Trappists, officially known as the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae, abbreviated as OCSO) and originally named the Order of Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe, are a Catholic religious order of cloistered monastics that branched off from the Cistercians.

See Algerian Civil War and Trappists

Travel visa

A visa (lat. 'something seen', pl. visas) is a conditional authorization granted by a polity to a foreigner that allows them to enter, remain within, or leave its territory.

See Algerian Civil War and Travel visa

Triangle of Death (Algeria)

The name Triangle of Death was given to an area SW of Algiers, whose apexes are Blidah, Médéah and Hadjout, where some of the worst massacres of the 1990s took place.

See Algerian Civil War and Triangle of Death (Algeria)

Yusuf al-Qaradawi

Yusuf al-Qaradawi (translit; or Yusuf al-Qardawi; 9 September 1926 – 26 September 2022) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar based in Doha, Qatar, and chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.

See Algerian Civil War and Yusuf al-Qaradawi

Zakat

Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam.

See Algerian Civil War and Zakat

1988 October Riots

The 1988 October Riots were a series of street-level disturbances and riotous demonstrations by Algerian youth, which started on 5 October 1988 and ended on the 11th.

See Algerian Civil War and 1988 October Riots

1990 Algerian local elections

Local elections were held in Algeria on 12 June 1990,Frank Tachau (1994) Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa, Greenwood Press, p.23 the first multi-party elections since independence in 1962.

See Algerian Civil War and 1990 Algerian local elections

1991 Algerian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Algeria on 26 December 1991.

See Algerian Civil War and 1991 Algerian parliamentary election

1992 Algerian coup d'état

The 1992 Algerian coup d'état took place on 11 January 1992.

See Algerian Civil War and 1992 Algerian coup d'état

1992 Houari Boumédiène Airport bombings

On 26 August 1992 in Algiers, Algeria, two bombs exploded and another was defused.

See Algerian Civil War and 1992 Houari Boumédiène Airport bombings

1995 Algerian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 16 November 1995, in the midst of the Algerian Civil War.

See Algerian Civil War and 1995 Algerian presidential election

1995 France bombings

A series of attacks targeted public transport systems in Paris and Lyon, as well as a school in Villeurbanne, in 1995.

See Algerian Civil War and 1995 France bombings

1997 Algerian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Algeria on 5 June 1997.

See Algerian Civil War and 1997 Algerian parliamentary election

1998 World Cup terror plot

From March to May 1998, a terror plot against the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France was uncovered by European law enforcement agencies.

See Algerian Civil War and 1998 World Cup terror plot

1999 Algerian Civil Concord referendum

A referendum on the Civil Concord Law was held in Algeria on 16 September 1999.

See Algerian Civil War and 1999 Algerian Civil Concord referendum

1999 Algerian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 15 April 1999.

See Algerian Civil War and 1999 Algerian presidential election

2004 Algerian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 8 April 2004.

See Algerian Civil War and 2004 Algerian presidential election

2005 Algerian national reconciliation referendum

The 2005 Algerian national reconciliation referendum took place in Algeria on 29 September 2005.

See Algerian Civil War and 2005 Algerian national reconciliation referendum

2010–2012 Algerian protests

The 2010–2012 Algerian protests were a series of protests taking place throughout Algeria, lasting from 28 December 2010 to 10 January 2012.

See Algerian Civil War and 2010–2012 Algerian protests

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War

Also known as Algerian Islamic Revolt, Algerian civil conflict, Black Decade, Black Decade (Algeria), Civil war in Algeria, Décennie noire, La décennie noire, Massacres during the Algerian Civil War, Salafist terrorism, Salafist terrorism in Algeria, الحرب الأهلية الجزائرية, العشرية السوداء.

, Constitution of Algeria, Coup d'état, Democratic National Rally, Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS), Dialogue, Djamel Zitouni, Economic liberalization, Edward Djerejian, Egyptian Islamic Jihad, El Watan, Enforced disappearance, European Union, Extrajudicial killing, Fatwa, Fellow traveller, Fouad Ajami, Garde communale, General Union of Algerian Workers, Guemar, Guerrilla warfare, Gulf War, Hassan Hattab, High Council of State (Algeria), History and the Culture of Nationalism in Algeria, History of Algeria (1962–1999), History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, Human rights in Algeria, Human Rights Watch, Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present), International Center for Transitional Justice, International Federation for Human Rights, Islamic Armed Movement, Islamic Front for Armed Jihad, Islamic Renaissance Movement, Islamic revival, Islamic Salvation Army, Islamic Salvation Front, Islamic state, Islamism, Jeune Afrique, Jihad, Killing of Antar Zouabri, L'Humanité, Lambarek Boumaarafi, Le Monde, Les éradicateurs, Les dialoguistes, Liamine Zéroual, List of Algerian assassinated journalists, List of armed groups in the Algerian Civil War, List of massacres during the Algerian Civil War, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Mahfoud Nahnah, Mali, Mário Soares, Mohamed Boudiaf, Mohamed Lamari, Mohamed Mediène, Mohammed al-Ghazali, Movement of Society for Peace, Murder of the monks of Tibhirine, Muslim Brotherhood, Mustafa Bouyali, Mustapha Kartali, Nabil Sahraoui, National Liberation Front (Algeria), Niger, Organisation of Young Free Algerians, Peshawar, Political Islam, Politics of Algeria, Popular democracy, Quran, Rabeh Kebir, Rais massacre, Rally for Culture and Democracy, Reuters, Sahara, Salafi jihadism, Salafi movement, Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat, Sant'Egidio platform, Serkadji Prison, Sharia, Socialist Forces Front, Soviet Union, State of emergency, Tahar Djaout, Takfir, Takfir wal-Hijra, Tamesguida, Tazoult prison escape, Terrorist bombings in Algeria, Thalit massacre, The Atlantic, Timeline of the Algerian Civil War, Tipaza Province, Trappists, Travel visa, Triangle of Death (Algeria), Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Zakat, 1988 October Riots, 1990 Algerian local elections, 1991 Algerian parliamentary election, 1992 Algerian coup d'état, 1992 Houari Boumédiène Airport bombings, 1995 Algerian presidential election, 1995 France bombings, 1997 Algerian parliamentary election, 1998 World Cup terror plot, 1999 Algerian Civil Concord referendum, 1999 Algerian presidential election, 2004 Algerian presidential election, 2005 Algerian national reconciliation referendum, 2010–2012 Algerian protests.

Algerian Civil War, the Glossary

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