Allopurinol, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 86 relations: ACE inhibitor, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, Adenosine monophosphate, Aldehyde oxidase, Alkylating antineoplastic agent, Allele frequency, Amidophosphoribosyltransferase, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Aplastic anemia, Azathioprine, Bipolar disorder, Bleomycin, Catabolism, Chemotherapy, Chlorpropamide, Ciclosporin, Coumarin, Crohn's disease, Cyclophosphamide, Cytopenia, Dermatology, Didanosine, Diuretic, Doxorubicin, Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Enzyme inhibitor, Eosinophilia, Furosemide, Generic drug, Genetic marker, Gertrude B. Elion, Glucose 6-phosphatase, Glycogen storage disease, Gout, GSK plc, Guanosine monophosphate, Hepatitis, Hyperuricemia, Hypoxanthine, Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, Inflammatory bowel disease, Interstitial nephritis, Intravenous therapy, Isomer, Kidney, Kidney failure, Kidney stone disease, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, ... Expand index (36 more) »

2. Antigout agents
3. CYP1A2 inhibitors
4. Dermatoxins
5. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

ACE inhibitor

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.

See Allopurinol and ACE inhibitor

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphoid line of blood cells characterized by the development of large numbers of immature lymphocytes.

See Allopurinol and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRTase) is an enzyme encoded by the APRT gene, found in humans on chromosome 16.

See Allopurinol and Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

Adenosine monophosphate

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide.

See Allopurinol and Adenosine monophosphate

Aldehyde oxidase

Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a metabolizing enzyme, located in the cytosolic compartment of tissues in many organisms.

See Allopurinol and Aldehyde oxidase

Alkylating antineoplastic agent

An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to DNA.

See Allopurinol and Alkylating antineoplastic agent

Allele frequency

Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage.

See Allopurinol and Allele frequency

Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

Amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATase), also known as glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (GPAT), is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) into 5-phosphoribosyl-1-amine (PRA), using the amine group from a glutamine side-chain.

See Allopurinol and Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. Allopurinol and Amoxicillin are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. Allopurinol and Ampicillin are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Ampicillin

Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers.

See Allopurinol and Aplastic anemia

Azathioprine

Azathioprine, sold under the brand name Imuran, among others, is an immunosuppressive medication. Allopurinol and Azathioprine are Hepatotoxins and World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Azathioprine

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.

See Allopurinol and Bipolar disorder

Bleomycin

Bleomycin is a medication used to treat cancer. This includes Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer among others. Typically used with other cancer medications, it can be given intravenously, by injection into a muscle or under the skin. Allopurinol and Bleomycin are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Bleomycin

Catabolism

Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.

See Allopurinol and Catabolism

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen.

See Allopurinol and Chemotherapy

Chlorpropamide

Chlorpropamide is an antidiabetic drug, belonging to the sulfonylurea class of organic compounds.

See Allopurinol and Chlorpropamide

Ciclosporin

Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication. Allopurinol and Ciclosporin are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Ciclosporin

Coumarin

Coumarin or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula.

See Allopurinol and Coumarin

Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract.

See Allopurinol and Crohn's disease

Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. Allopurinol and Cyclophosphamide are Hepatotoxins and World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Cyclophosphamide

Cytopenia

Cytopenia is a reduction in the number of mature blood cells.

See Allopurinol and Cytopenia

Dermatology

Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.

See Allopurinol and Dermatology

Didanosine

Didanosine (ddI, DDI), sold under the brand name Videx, is a medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. Allopurinol and Didanosine are Hepatotoxins.

See Allopurinol and Didanosine

Diuretic

A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.

See Allopurinol and Diuretic

Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Allopurinol and Doxorubicin are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Doxorubicin

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also termed drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a rare reaction to certain medications.

See Allopurinol and Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

Enzyme inhibitor

An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity.

See Allopurinol and Enzyme inhibitor

Eosinophilia

Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds.

See Allopurinol and Eosinophilia

Furosemide

Furosemide is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. Allopurinol and Furosemide are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Furosemide

Generic drug

A generic drug (or simply generic) is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents.

See Allopurinol and Generic drug

Genetic marker

A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.

See Allopurinol and Genetic marker

Gertrude B. Elion

Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs.

See Allopurinol and Gertrude B. Elion

Glucose 6-phosphatase

The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9, G6Pase; systematic name D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, resulting in the creation of a phosphate group and free glucose: During fasting, adequate levels of blood glucose are assured by glucose liberated from liver glycogen stores by glycogenolysis as well as glucose generated by gluconeogenesis in the liver as well as - to a lesser extent - the kindeys.

See Allopurinol and Glucose 6-phosphatase

Glycogen storage disease

A glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme or transport protein affecting glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown, or glucose breakdown, typically in muscles and/or liver cells.

See Allopurinol and Glycogen storage disease

Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals.

See Allopurinol and Gout

GSK plc

GSK plc (an acronym from its former name GlaxoSmithKline plc) is a British multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with global headquarters in London.

See Allopurinol and GSK plc

Guanosine monophosphate

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA.

See Allopurinol and Guanosine monophosphate

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.

See Allopurinol and Hepatitis

Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricaemia or hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.

See Allopurinol and Hyperuricemia

Hypoxanthine

Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative.

See Allopurinol and Hypoxanthine

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is an enzyme encoded in humans by the HPRT1 gene.

See Allopurinol and Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types.

See Allopurinol and Inflammatory bowel disease

Interstitial nephritis

Interstitial nephritis, also known as tubulointerstitial nephritis, is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the renal interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the renal tubules.

See Allopurinol and Interstitial nephritis

Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

See Allopurinol and Intravenous therapy

Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.

See Allopurinol and Isomer

Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

See Allopurinol and Kidney

Kidney failure

Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible.

See Allopurinol and Kidney failure

Kidney stone disease

Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract.

See Allopurinol and Kidney stone disease

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT).

See Allopurinol and Lesch–Nyhan syndrome

Lesinurad/allopurinol

Lesinurad/allopurinol (trade name Duzallo) is a fixed-dose combination drug for the treatment of gout. Allopurinol and Lesinurad/allopurinol are Antigout agents.

See Allopurinol and Lesinurad/allopurinol

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

See Allopurinol and Liver

Mania

Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." During a manic episode, an individual will experience rapidly changing emotions and moods, highly influenced by surrounding stimuli.

See Allopurinol and Mania

Medication

A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

See Allopurinol and Medication

Mercaptopurine

Mercaptopurine (6-MP), sold under the brand name Purinethol among others, is a medication used for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Allopurinol and Mercaptopurine are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Mercaptopurine

In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism.

See Allopurinol and Metabolite

National Center for Biotechnology Information

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

See Allopurinol and National Center for Biotechnology Information

Oral administration

| name.

See Allopurinol and Oral administration

Oxipurinol

Oxipurinol (INN, or oxypurinol USAN) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol and Oxipurinol are xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

See Allopurinol and Oxipurinol

Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, refers to damage or disease affecting the nerves.

See Allopurinol and Peripheral neuropathy

Phenytoin

Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication. Allopurinol and Phenytoin are Dermatoxins, Hepatotoxins and World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Phenytoin

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).

See Allopurinol and Pregnancy

Procarbazine

Procarbazine is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain cancers. Allopurinol and Procarbazine are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Procarbazine

Purine

Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together.

See Allopurinol and Purine

Ribonucleotide

In biochemistry, a ribonucleotide is a nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component.

See Allopurinol and Ribonucleotide

Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase

Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase (or phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase or ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase) is an enzyme that converts ribose 5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP).

See Allopurinol and Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase

Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH. Allopurinol and Salicylic acid are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Salicylic acid

Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

See Allopurinol and Springer Science+Business Media

Stevens–Johnson syndrome

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction.

See Allopurinol and Stevens–Johnson syndrome

Theophylline

Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors.

See Allopurinol and Theophylline

Thiopurine

The thiopurine drugs are purine antimetabolites widely used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, autoimmune disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis), and organ transplant recipients.

See Allopurinol and Thiopurine

Thiopurine methyltransferase

Thiopurine methyltransferase or thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TPMT gene.

See Allopurinol and Thiopurine methyltransferase

Tophus

A tophus (Latin: "stone",: tophi) is a deposit of monosodium urate crystals, in people with longstanding high levels of uric acid (urate) in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia.

See Allopurinol and Tophus

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome, is a type of severe skin reaction.

See Allopurinol and Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that can occur as a complication from the treatment of cancer, where large amounts of tumor cells are killed off (lysed) from the treatment, releasing their contents into the bloodstream.

See Allopurinol and Tumor lysis syndrome

Urate oxidase

The enzyme urate oxidase (UO), uricase or factor-independent urate hydroxylase, absent in humans, catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate.

See Allopurinol and Urate oxidase

Uric acid

Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.

See Allopurinol and Uric acid

Uricosuric

Uricosuric medications (drugs) are substances that increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thus reducing the concentration of uric acid in blood plasma. Allopurinol and Uricosuric are Antigout agents.

See Allopurinol and Uricosuric

Vidarabine

Vidarabine or 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) is an antiviral drug which is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses.

See Allopurinol and Vidarabine

Vomiting

Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

See Allopurinol and Vomiting

Warfarin

Warfarin is an anticoagulant used as a medication under several brand names including Coumadin. Allopurinol and Warfarin are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and Warfarin

Wellcome Research Laboratories

Wellcome Research Laboratories was a site in Beckenham, south-east London, that was a main research centre for pharmaceuticals.

See Allopurinol and Wellcome Research Laboratories

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. Allopurinol and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines are World Health Organization essential medicines.

See Allopurinol and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

Xanthine

Xanthine (or, from Ancient Greek due to its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms.

See Allopurinol and Xanthine

Xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species.

See Allopurinol and Xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. Allopurinol and xanthine oxidase inhibitor are xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

See Allopurinol and Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

See also

Antigout agents

• Allopurinol
• Benzbromarone
• Colchicine
• Dotinurad
• Febuxostat
• Gout suppressants
• Indometacin
• Lesinurad
• Lesinurad/allopurinol
• Pegloticase
• Probenecid
• Probenecid and colchicine
• Ruzinurad
• Sulfinpyrazone
• Uricosuric

CYP1A2 inhibitors

• Α-Naphthoflavone
• Aciclovir
• Allopurinol
• Cimetidine
• Ciprofloxacin
• Enoxacin
• Ethinylestradiol
• Fluvoxamine
• Furafylline
• Methoxsalen
• Mexiletine
• Peginterferon alfa-2a
• Piperine
• Vemurafenib
• Zileuton

Dermatoxins

• Allopurinol
• Ampiroxicam
• Barbiturate
• Bupropion
• Cantharidin
• Carbamazepine
• Cefixime
• Ciprofloxacin
• Dermatotoxin
• Diclofenac
• Droxicam
• Ethosuximide
• Etifoxine
• Ibuprofen
• Isotretinoin
• Isoxicam
• Lamotrigine
• Lornoxicam
• Modafinil
• Mustard gas
• Nevirapine
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Nystatin
• Oseltamivir
• Oxicam
• Paracetamol
• Phenytoin
• Piroxicam
• Psoralen
• Sterigmatocystin
• Sulfonamide (medicine)
• T-2 mycotoxin
• Tenoxicam
• Tetracycline
• Urushiol
• Valdecoxib

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

• Allopurinol
• Amflutizole
• Benzbromarone
• Caffeic acid
• Cinnamaldehyde
• Cinnamomum osmophloeum
• Febuxostat
• Inositol
• Kaempferol
• Myricetin
• Oxipurinol
• Phytic acid
• Propolis
• Quercetin
• Tisopurine
• Topiroxostat
• Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopurinol

Also known as 7HP, ATC code M04AA01, ATCvet code QM04AA01, Adenock, Ailural, Allo-Puren, Allohexal, Allopur, Allopurinal, Allopurinol sodium, Allopurinole, Allozym, Allural, Aloprim, Alopurinol, Aloral, Alositol, Aluline, Anoprolin, Anzief, Apo-Allopurinol, Apulonga, Apurin, Apurol, Atisuril, Bleminol, Bloxanth, Caplenal, Cellidrin, Cosuric, Dabrosin, Dabroson, Dura Al, Embarin, Epidropal, Epuric, Foligan, Geapur, Gichtex, Gotax, Hamarin, Hexanuret, Ketanrift, Ketobun-A, Ledopur, Lopurin, Lysuron, Milurit, Miniplanor, Nektrohan, Progout, Purinol, Remid, Riball, Rimapurinol, Sigapurol, Suspendol, Takanarumin, Urbol, Uricemil, Uriprim, Uripurinol, Uritas, Urobenyl, Urolit, Urosin, Urtias, Urtias 100, Xanturat, Xyloric, Zanupirol, Zyloprim, Zyloric.

, Lesinurad/allopurinol, Liver, Mania, Medication, Mercaptopurine, Metabolite, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Oral administration, Oxipurinol, Peripheral neuropathy, Phenytoin, Pregnancy, Procarbazine, Purine, Ribonucleotide, Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase, Salicylic acid, Springer Science+Business Media, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Theophylline, Thiopurine, Thiopurine methyltransferase, Tophus, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome, Urate oxidase, Uric acid, Uricosuric, Vidarabine, Vomiting, Warfarin, Wellcome Research Laboratories, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, Xanthine, Xanthine oxidase, Xanthine oxidase inhibitor.