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Allosaurus, the Glossary

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303 relations: Achilles tendon, Acrocanthosaurus, Actinopterygii, Albertosaurus, Alfred Romer, Alick Walker, Allometry, Allosauridae, American Museum of Natural History, Amphicoelias, Amputation, Anatomical terms of location, Ancient Greek, Animal migration, Ankylosis, Antrodemus, Apatodon, Apatosaurus, Apomorphy and synapomorphy, Araucaria, Archaeornithomimus, Archosaur, Arundel Formation, Australovenator, Avulsion fracture, Barosaurus, Basal (phylogenetics), Benjamin Franklin Mudge, Binocular vision, Biomechanics, Bipedalism, Bird anatomy, Bivalvia, Bone marrow, Bone Wars, Brachiosaurus, Brachyphyllum, Brigham Young University, Brontosaurus, Buryatia, Cañon City, Colorado, Calcium, Camarasaurus, Camarasaurus lewisi, Camptosaurus, Cape Paterson, Carcharodontosauridae, Carcharodontosaurus, Carnosauria, Carpal bones, ... Expand index (253 more) »
Carnosaurs
Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1877
Jurassic Portugal
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America
Late Jurassic genus extinctions
Late Jurassic genus first appearances
Lourinhã Formation
Symbols of Utah

Achilles tendon

The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body.

See Allosaurus and Achilles tendon

Acrocanthosaurus is a genus of carcharodontosaurid dinosaur that existed in what is now North America during the Aptian and early Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous, from 113 to 110 million years ago. Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus are Apex predators and paleontology in Wyoming.

See Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii, members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species.

See Allosaurus and Actinopterygii

Albertosaurus

Albertosaurus (meaning "Alberta lizard") is a genus of large tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in northwestern North America during the early to middle Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period, about 71 million years ago.

See Allosaurus and Albertosaurus

Alfred Romer

Alfred Sherwood Romer (December 28, 1894 – November 5, 1973) was an American paleontologist and biologist and a specialist in vertebrate evolution.

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Alick Walker

Alick Donald Walker (26 October 1925 – 4 December 1999) was a British palaeontologist, after whom the Alwalkeria genus of dinosaur is named.

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Allometry

Allometry (Ancient Greek "other", "measurement") is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology and behaviour, first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form and by Julian Huxley in 1932.

See Allosaurus and Allometry

Allosauridae

Allosauridae is a family of medium to large bipedal, carnivorous allosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic. Allosaurus and Allosauridae are carnosaurs and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.

See Allosaurus and American Museum of Natural History

Amphicoelias

Amphicoelias (meaning "biconcave", from the Greek ἀμφί, amphi: "on both sides", and κοῖλος, koilos: "hollow, concave") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived approximately 150 million years ago during the Tithonian (Late Jurassic Period) of what is now Colorado, United States. Allosaurus and Amphicoelias are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Allosaurus and Amphicoelias

Amputation

Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

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Animal migration

Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis.

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Ankylosis

Ankylosis is a stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint, which may be the result of injury or disease.

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Antrodemus

Antrodemus ("chamber bodied") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic, probably the Morrison Formation, of Middle Park, Colorado. Allosaurus and Antrodemus are carnosaurs, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Allosaurus and Antrodemus

Apatodon

Apatodon is a dubious genus of dinosaur that may have been a theropod. Allosaurus and Apatodon are fossil taxa described in 1877, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Allosaurus and Apatodon

Apatosaurus

Apatosaurus (meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Allosaurus and Apatosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, fossil taxa described in 1877, paleontology in Colorado, paleontology in Wyoming and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Apatosaurus

Apomorphy and synapomorphy

In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy).

See Allosaurus and Apomorphy and synapomorphy

Araucaria

Araucaria (original pronunciation) is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae.

See Allosaurus and Araucaria

Archaeornithomimus

Archaeornithomimus (meaning "ancient bird mimic") is a genus of ornithomimosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, around 96 million years ago in the Iren Dabasu Formation. Allosaurus and Archaeornithomimus are Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera.

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Archosaur

Archosauria or archosaurs is a clade of diapsid sauropsid tetrapods, with birds and crocodilians being the only extant representatives.

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Arundel Formation

The Arundel Formation, also known as the Arundel Clay, is a clay-rich sedimentary rock formation, within the Potomac Group, found in Maryland of the United States of America.

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Australovenator

Australovenator (meaning "southern hunter") is a genus of megaraptoran theropod dinosaur from Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous)-age Winton Formation (dated to 95 million years ago) of Australia.

See Allosaurus and Australovenator

Avulsion fracture

An avulsion fracture is a bone fracture which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma.

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Barosaurus

Barosaurus was a giant, long-tailed, long-necked, plant-eating sauropod dinosaur closely related to the more familiar Diplodocus. Allosaurus and Barosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, paleontology in Utah and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Barosaurus

Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

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Benjamin Franklin Mudge

Benjamin Franklin Mudge (August 11, 1817 – November 21, 1879) was an American lawyer, geologist and teacher.

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Binocular vision

In biology, binocular vision is a type of vision in which an animal has two eyes capable of facing the same direction to perceive a single three-dimensional image of its surroundings.

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Biomechanics

Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.

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Bipedalism

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs.

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Bird anatomy

Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.

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Bivalvia

Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.

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Bone marrow

Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones.

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Bone Wars

The Bone Wars, also known as the Great Dinosaur Rush, was a period of intense and ruthlessly competitive fossil hunting and discovery during the Gilded Age of American history, marked by a heated rivalry between Edward Drinker Cope (of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and Othniel Charles Marsh (of the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale).

See Allosaurus and Bone Wars

Brachiosaurus

Brachiosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about 154to 150million years ago. Allosaurus and Brachiosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and paleontology in Colorado.

See Allosaurus and Brachiosaurus

Brachyphyllum

Brachyphyllum (meaning "short leaf") is a form genus of fossil coniferous plant foliage.

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Brigham Young University

Brigham Young University (BYU) is a private research university in Provo, Utah, United States.

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Brontosaurus

Brontosaurus (meaning "thunder lizard" from the Greek words βροντή, "thunder" and σαῦρος, "lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in present-day United States during the Late Jurassic period. Allosaurus and Brontosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, paleontology in Utah, paleontology in Wyoming and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Brontosaurus

Buryatia

Buryatia (Buryatiya; Buryaad Ulas), officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East.

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Cañon City, Colorado

Cañon City is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Fremont County, Colorado, United States.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Camarasaurus

Camarasaurus was a genus of quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs and is the most common North American sauropod fossil. Allosaurus and Camarasaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, fossil taxa described in 1877, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, paleontology in Colorado and paleontology in Utah.

See Allosaurus and Camarasaurus

Camarasaurus lewisi

Camarasaurus lewisi is a species of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the United States.

See Allosaurus and Camarasaurus lewisi

Camptosaurus

Camptosaurus is a genus of plant-eating, beaked ornithischian dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic period of western North America and possibly also Europe. Allosaurus and Camptosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, paleontology in Wyoming and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Camptosaurus

Cape Paterson

Cape Paterson is a cape and seaside village located near the town of Wonthaggi, south-east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland and Bass Highways, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.

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Carcharodontosauridae

Carcharodontosauridae (carcharodontosaurids; from the Greek καρχαροδοντόσαυρος, carcharodontósauros: "shark-toothed lizards") is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs.

See Allosaurus and Carcharodontosauridae

Carcharodontosaurus

Carcharodontosaurus is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived in North Africa from about 100 to 94 million years ago during the Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous. Allosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus are Apex predators and Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera.

See Allosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus

Carnosauria

Carnosauria is an extinct group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Allosaurus and Carnosauria are carnosaurs.

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Carpal bones

The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm.

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Cenozoic

The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.

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Ceratosauria

Ceratosaurs are members of the clade Ceratosauria, a group of dinosaurs defined as all theropods sharing a more recent common ancestor with Ceratosaurus than with birds. Allosaurus and Ceratosauria are taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Ceratosaurus

Ceratosaurus (from Greek κέρας/κέρατος, keras/keratos meaning "horn" and σαῦρος sauros meaning "lizard") was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian ages). Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, fossils of Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Lourinhã Formation, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus

Charles R. Knight

Charles Robert Knight (October 21, 1874 – April 15, 1953) was an American wildlife and paleoartist best known for his detailed paintings of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals.

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Charles W. Gilmore

Charles Whitney Gilmore (March 11, 1874 – September 27, 1945) was an American paleontologist who gained renown in the early 20th century for his work on vertebrate fossils during his career at the United States National Museum (now the National Museum of Natural History).

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Chilantaisaurus

Chilantaisaurus (" lizard") is a genus of large theropod dinosaur, possibly a neovenatorid or a primitive coelurosaur, from the Late Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation of China (Turonian age, about 92 million years ago).

See Allosaurus and Chilantaisaurus

Chlorophyta

Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes.

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Claw

A claw is a curved, pointed appendage found at the end of a toe or finger in most amniotes (mammals, reptiles, birds).

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Coelurosauria

Coelurosauria (from Greek, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the clade containing all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to carnosaurs.

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Colorado

Colorado (other variants) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Como Bluff

Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east–west, located between the towns of Rock River and Medicine Bow, Wyoming. Allosaurus and Como Bluff are paleontology in Wyoming.

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Compsosuchus

Compsosuchus (meaning "elegant crocodile") is a dubious genus of abelisauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation of India.

See Allosaurus and Compsosuchus

Conifer

Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.

See Allosaurus and Conifer

Coracoid

A coracoid (from Greek κόραξ, koraks, raven) is a paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly in all vertebrates except therian mammals (marsupials and placentals).

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Crocodilia

Crocodilia (or Crocodylia, both) is an order of semiaquatic, predatory reptiles known as crocodilians.

See Allosaurus and Crocodilia

Crocodylomorpha

Crocodylomorpha is a group of pseudosuchian archosaurs that includes the crocodilians and their extinct relatives.

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CT scan

A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body.

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Cycad

Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves.

See Allosaurus and Cycad

Dewclaw

A dewclaw is a digit – vestigial in some animals – on the foot of many mammals, birds, and reptiles (including some extinct orders, like certain theropods).

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Diapsid

Diapsids ("two arches") are a clade of sauropsids, distinguished from more primitive eureptiles by the presence of two holes, known as temporal fenestrae, in each side of their skulls.

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Dinosaur National Monument

Dinosaur National Monument is an American national monument located on the southeast flank of the Uinta Mountains on the border between Colorado and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa rivers. Allosaurus and Dinosaur National Monument are paleontology in Colorado and paleontology in Utah.

See Allosaurus and Dinosaur National Monument

Diplodocus

Diplodocus was a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs, whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. Allosaurus and Diplodocus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, paleontology in Colorado, paleontology in Utah and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Diplodocus

Docodonta

Docodonta is an order of extinct Mesozoic mammaliaforms (advanced cynodonts closely related to true crown-group mammals).

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Donald F. Glut

Donald F. Glut (born February 19, 1944) is an American writer, motion picture film director, and screenwriter.

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Draconyx

Draconyx (meaning "dragon claw") is a genus of dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. Allosaurus and Draconyx are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and Lourinhã Formation.

See Allosaurus and Draconyx

Dry Mesa Quarry

The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry is situated in southwestern Colorado, United States, near the town of Delta. Allosaurus and Dry Mesa Quarry are paleontology in Colorado.

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Dry season

The dry season was a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.

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Dryosaurus

Dryosaurus (meaning 'tree lizard', Greek δρῦς (drys) meaning 'tree, oak' and σαυρος (sauros) meaning 'lizard'; the name reflects the forested habitat, not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed) is a genus of an ornithopod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period. Allosaurus and Dryosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera, paleontology in Colorado, paleontology in Utah, paleontology in Wyoming and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Dryosaurus

Dryptosaurus

Dryptosaurus is a genus of basal eutyrannosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived on the island continent of Appalachia approximately 67.6 million years ago during the end of the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period. Allosaurus and Dryptosaurus are fossil taxa described in 1877 and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

See Allosaurus and Dryptosaurus

Early Cretaceous

The Early Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous.

See Allosaurus and Early Cretaceous

Ecological niche

In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.

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Edward Drinker Cope

Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840 – April 12, 1897) was an American zoologist, paleontologist, comparative anatomist, herpetologist, and ichthyologist.

See Allosaurus and Edward Drinker Cope

Egg

An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches.

See Allosaurus and Egg

Emery County, Utah

Emery County is a county in east-central Utah, United States.

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Endocast

An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms.

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Eocarcharia

Eocarcharia (meaning "dawn shark") is a genus of carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation that lived in the Sahara 112 million years ago, in what today is the country of Niger.

See Allosaurus and Eocarcharia

Epanterias

Epanterias is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Tithonian age Upper Jurassic upper Morrison Formation of Garden Park, Colorado. Allosaurus and Epanterias are carnosaurs, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Allosaurus and Epanterias

Equisetum

Equisetum (horsetail, marestail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds.

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Erlikosaurus

Erlikosaurus (meaning "Erlik's lizard") is a genus of therizinosaurid that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period.

See Allosaurus and Erlikosaurus

Eutriconodonta

Eutriconodonta is an order of early mammals.

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Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Exostosis

An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.

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Extinction

Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.

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Falcon

Falcons are birds of prey in the genus Falco, which includes about 40 species. Some small species of falcons with long, narrow wings are called hobbies, and some that hover while hunting are called kestrels. Falcons are widely distributed on all continents of the world except Antarctica, though closely related raptors did occur there in the Eocene.

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Family (biology)

Family (familia,: familiae) is one of the nine major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.

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Femur

The femur (femurs or femora), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh.

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Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden

Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden (September 7, 1829 – December 22, 1887) was an American geologist noted for his pioneering surveying expeditions of the Rocky Mountains in the late 19th century.

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Fern

The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Fibula

The fibula (fibulae or fibulas) or calf bone is a leg bone on the lateral side of the tibia, to which it is connected above and below.

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Finite element method

The finite element method (FEM) is a popular method for numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling.

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Floodplain

A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Friedrich von Huene

Friedrich von Huene born Friedrich Richard Freiherr von Hoyningen-Huene (22 March 1875 – 4 April 1969) was a German nobleman paleontologist who described a large number of dinosaurs, more than anyone else in 20th century Europe.

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Frontal bone

In the human skull, the frontal bone or sincipital bone is a unpaired bone which consists of two portions.

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Fukuiraptor

Fukuiraptor ("thief of Fukui") was a medium-sized megaraptoran theropod dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous epoch (either Barremian or Aptian) that lived in what is now Japan.

See Allosaurus and Fukuiraptor

Furcula

The italics (Latin for "little fork";: furculae) or wishbone is a forked bone found in most birds and some species of non-avian dinosaurs, and is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles.

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Gallery forest

A gallery forest is one formed as a corridor along rivers or wetlands, projecting into landscapes that are otherwise only sparsely treed such as savannas, grasslands, or deserts.

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Garden Park, Colorado

Garden Park is a paleontological site in Fremont County, Colorado, known for its Jurassic dinosaurs and the role the specimens played in the infamous Bone Wars of the late 19th century. Allosaurus and Garden Park, Colorado are paleontology in Colorado.

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Gastralia

Gastralia (gastralium) are dermal bones found in the ventral body wall of modern crocodilians and tuatara, and many prehistoric tetrapods.

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Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

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Geologic time scale

The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.

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Geological formation

A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column).

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Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Argentina, during the early Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 99.6 to 95 million years ago. Allosaurus and Giganotosaurus are Apex predators.

See Allosaurus and Giganotosaurus

Ginkgo

Ginkgo is a genus of non-flowering seed plants.

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Gland

A gland is a cell or an organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface that the organism needs.

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Granby, Colorado

The Town of Granby is the Statutory Town that is the most populous municipality in Grand County, Colorado, United States.

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Greenstick fracture

A greenstick fracture is a fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks.

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Gregory S. Paul

Gregory Scott Paul (born December 24, 1954) is an American freelance researcher, author and illustrator who works in paleontology.

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Haemal arch

A haemal arch, also known as a chevron, is a bony arch on the ventral side of a tail vertebra of a vertebrate.

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Haplocanthosaurus

Haplocanthosaurus (meaning "simple spined lizard") is a genus of intermediate sauropod dinosaur. Allosaurus and Haplocanthosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Allosaurus and Haplocanthosaurus

Histology

Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.

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Historical Biology

Historical Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of paleobiology.

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Holotype

A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.

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Hoof

The hoof (hooves) is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, which is covered and strengthened with a thick and horny keratin covering.

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Horn (anatomy)

A horn is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals that consists of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone.

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Humerus

The humerus (humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

See Allosaurus and Humerus

Ilium (bone)

The ilium (ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.

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Indosaurus

Indosaurus is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now India, about 69 to 66 million years ago during the Maastrichtian division of the Late Cretaceous.

See Allosaurus and Indosaurus

Inner ear

The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.

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International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals".

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Involucrum

An involucrum (plural involucra) is a layer of new bone growth outside existing bone.

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James Henry Madsen

James "Jim" Henry Madsen Jr. (July 28, 1932 – November 28, 2009) was an American vertebrate paleontologist and geologist and main leader of excavations at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in the 1960s.

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John Foster (paleontologist)

John Russell Foster (born November 3, 1966) is an American paleontologist.

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Joint

A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole.

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Joseph Leidy

Joseph Mellick Leidy (September 9, 1823 – April 30, 1891) was an American paleontologist, parasitologist and anatomist.

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Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

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Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.

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Jurassic National Monument

Jurassic National Monument, at the site of the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, well known for containing the densest concentration of Jurassic dinosaur fossils ever found, is a paleontological site located near Cleveland, Utah, in the San Rafael Swell, a part of the geological layers known as the Morrison Formation. Allosaurus and Jurassic National Monument are paleontology in Utah.

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Kenneth Carpenter

Kenneth Carpenter (born 21 September 1949, in Tokyo, Japan) is an American paleontologist.

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Keratin

Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.

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Kestrel

The term kestrel (from crécerelle, derivative from crécelle, i.e. ratchet) is the common name given to several species of predatory birds from the falcon genus Falco.

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Kimmeridgian

In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series.

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Komodo dragon

The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is a large reptile of the monitor lizard family Varanidae that is endemic to the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang. Allosaurus and komodo dragon are Apex predators.

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Lacrimal bone

The lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton; they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit.

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Late Jurassic

The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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List of E. Schweizerbart serials

This is a list of academic journals, monographic series, and other serials published by E. Schweizerbart.

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List of informally named dinosaurs

This list of informally named dinosaurs is a listing of dinosaurs (excluding Aves; birds and their extinct relatives) that have never been given formally published scientific names.

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List of U.S. state fossils

Most American states have made a state fossil designation, in many cases during the 1980s.

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Lourinhã

Lourinhã is a municipality in the District of Lisbon and in the portuguese Oeste region.

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Lourinhã Formation

The Lourinhã Formation is a fossil rich geological formation in western Portugal, named for the municipality of Lourinhã. Allosaurus and Lourinhã Formation are Jurassic Portugal.

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Lusotitan

Lusotitan is a genus of herbivorous brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Period of Portugal. Allosaurus and Lusotitan are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and Lourinhã Formation.

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Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

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Mandible

In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla).

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Maniraptora

Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes the birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox.

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Mapusaurus

Mapusaurus was a giant carcharodontosaurid carnosaurian dinosaur from Argentina during the Turonian age of the Late Cretaceous. Allosaurus and Mapusaurus are Apex predators.

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Maraapunisaurus

Maraapunisaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America. Allosaurus and Maraapunisaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

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Marshosaurus

Marshosaurus is a genus of medium-sized carnivorous theropod dinosaur, belonging to the family Piatnitzkysauridae, from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah and possibly Colorado. Allosaurus and Marshosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Utah.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Maxilla

In vertebrates, the maxilla (maxillae) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

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Maxillary sinus

The pyramid-shaped maxillary sinus (or antrum of Highmore) is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, located in the maxilla.

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Megalosauridae

Megalosauridae is a monophyletic family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs within the group Megalosauroidea.

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Megalosaurus

Megalosaurus (meaning "great lizard", from Greek μέγας, megas, meaning 'big', 'tall' or 'great' and σαῦρος, sauros, meaning 'lizard') is an extinct genus of large carnivorous theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic Epoch (Bathonian stage, 166 million years ago) of southern England.

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Megaraptor

Megaraptor is a genus of large theropod dinosaur that lived in the ages of the Late Cretaceous.

See Allosaurus and Megaraptor

In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, also known as the "palm bones", are the appendicular bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the phalanges (fingers) and the carpal bones (wrist bones), which articulate with the forearm.

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The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes).

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Metriacanthosauridae

Metriacanthosauridae is an extinct family of allosauroid theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.

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Middle Park (Colorado basin)

Middle Park (elev.) is a high basin in the Rocky Mountains of north-central Colorado in the United States.

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Mode (statistics)

In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values.

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Monograph

A monograph is a specialist written work (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on one subject or one aspect of a usually scholarly subject, often by a single author or artist.

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Montana

Montana is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Morrison Formation

The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.

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Moss

Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.

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Mtwara Region

Mtwara Region (Mkoa wa Mtwara in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions.

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Multituberculata

Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years.

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Museu da Lourinhã

Museu da Lourinhã, also known as the Lourinhã Museum, is a museum in the town of Lourinhã, west Portugal.

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Museum of the Rockies

Museum of the Rockies is a museum in Bozeman, Montana.

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Nasal bone

The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the upper one third of the nose.

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Neoplasm

A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

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Neovenator

Neovenator (nee-o-ven-a-tor meaning "new hunter") is a genus of carcharodontosaurian theropod dinosaur. Allosaurus and Neovenator are carnosaurs.

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Neurocranium

In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan, is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo MéxicoIn Peninsular Spanish, a spelling variant, Méjico, is also used alongside México. According to the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas by Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, the spelling version with J is correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one that is used in Mexican Spanish.; Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States.

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Newton (unit)

The newton (symbol: N) is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI).

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Nomen nudum

In taxonomy, a nomen nudum ('naked name'; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description.

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Ocean

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.

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Octávio Mateus

Octávio Mateus (born 1975) is a Portuguese dinosaur paleontologist and biologist Professor of Paleontology at the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Choctaw: Oklahumma) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.

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Ornithischia

Ornithischia is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of birds.

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Ornitholestes

Ornitholestes (meaning "bird robber") is a small theropod dinosaur of the late Jurassic (Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, middle Kimmeridgian age, about 154 million years agoTurner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999). "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp. Allosaurus and Ornitholestes are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Wyoming.

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Ornithomimidae

Ornithomimidae (meaning "bird-mimics") is an extinct family of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. Allosaurus and Ornithomimidae are taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Ornithomimus

Ornithomimus ("bird mimic") is a genus of ornithomimid theropod dinosaurs from the Campanian and Maastrichtian ages of Late Cretaceous Western North America. Allosaurus and Ornithomimus are Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera, paleontology in Colorado and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Ornithopoda

Ornithopoda is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods. Allosaurus and ornithopoda are taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Ossification

Ossification (also called osteogenesis or bone mineralization) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts.

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Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.

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Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone.

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Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis, literally, also known as marble bone disease or Albers-Schönberg disease, is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, in which the bones become less dense and more brittle, or osteomalacia, in which the bones soften.

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Othniel Charles Marsh

Othniel Charles Marsh (October 29, 1831 – March 18, 1899) was an American professor of Paleontology in Yale College and President of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals.

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Paleobiology

Paleobiology (or palaeobiology) is an interdisciplinary field that combines the methods and findings found in both the earth sciences and the life sciences.

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Paleoecology

Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales.

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Paleontology

Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Paleopathology

Paleopathology, also spelled palaeopathology, is the study of ancient diseases and injuries in organisms through the examination of fossils, mummified tissue, skeletal remains, and analysis of coprolites.

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Paraphyly

Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages.

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Pathology

Pathology is the study of disease and injury.

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Peabody Museum of Natural History

The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University (also known as the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History or the Yale Peabody Museum) is one of the oldest, largest, and most prolific university natural history museums in the world.

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Phalanx bone

The phalanges (phalanx) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates.

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Philip J. Currie

Philip John Currie (born March 13, 1949) is a Canadian palaeontologist and museum curator who helped found the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta and is now a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.

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Piatnitzkysaurus

Piatnitzkysaurus (meaning "Piatnitzky's lizard") is a genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 179 to 177 million years ago during the lower part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Argentina.

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Piveteausaurus

Piveteausaurus (meaning "Jean Piveteau's lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur known from a partial skull discovered in the Middle Jurassic Marnes de Dives formation of Calvados, in northern France and lived about 164.7-161.2 million years ago.

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Poekilopleuron

Poekilopleuron (meaning "varied ribs") is a genus of tetanuran dinosaur, which lived during the middle Bathonian of the Jurassic, about 168 to 166 million years ago.

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Pound (mass)

The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in both the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement.

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Premaxilla

The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth.

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Pterosaur

Pterosaurs (from Greek pteron and sauros, meaning "wing lizard") are an extinct clade of flying reptiles in the order Pterosauria.

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Pubis (bone)

In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.

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Quadrate bone

The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.

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Radius (bone)

The radius or radial bone (radii or radiuses) is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.

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Refugium (population biology)

In biology, a refugium (plural: refugia) is a location which supports an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species.

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Respiratory system

The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.

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Rhynchocephalia

Rhynchocephalia is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand.

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Richard Swann Lull

Richard Swann Lull (November 6, 1867 – April 22, 1957) was an American paleontologist and Sterling Professor at Yale University who is largely remembered now for championing a non-Darwinian view of evolution, whereby mutation(s) could unlock presumed "genetic drives" that, over time, would lead populations to increasingly extreme phenotypes (and perhaps, ultimately, to extinction).

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Robert T. Bakker

Robert Thomas Bakker (born March 24, 1945) is an American paleontologist who helped reshape modern theories about dinosaurs, particularly by adding support to the theory that some dinosaurs were endothermic (warm-blooded).

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Sacrum

The sacrum (sacra or sacrums), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of the sacral vertebrae (S1S5) between ages 18 and 30.

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Salamander

Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

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Salt gland

The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.

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Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History

The Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History is the officially designated natural history museum for the State of Oklahoma, located on the campus of the University of Oklahoma.

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Samuel Paul Welles

Samuel Paul Welles (November 9, 1907 – August 6, 1997) was an American palaeontologist.

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Samuel Wendell Williston

Samuel Wendell Williston (July 10, 1852 – August 30, 1918) was an American educator, entomologist, and paleontologist who was the first to propose that birds developed flight cursorially (by running), rather than arboreally (by leaping from tree to tree).

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San Diego Natural History Museum

The San Diego Natural History Museum is a museum located in Balboa Park in San Diego, California.

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Saurophaganax

Saurophaganax ("lord of lizard-eaters") is a genus of large allosaurid dinosaur from the Morrison Formation of Late Jurassic (latest Kimmeridgian age, about 151 million years ago) Oklahoma, United States. Allosaurus and Saurophaganax are Apex predators, carnosaurs, dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Sauropoda

Sauropoda, whose members are known as sauropods (from sauro- + -pod, 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs.

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Savanna

A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.

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Saw

A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge used to cut through material.

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Scale (zoology)

In zoology, a scale (lepís; squāma) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection.

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Scapula

The scapula (scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).

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Scavenger

Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators.

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Scute

A scute or scutum (Latin: scutum; plural: scuta "shield") is a bony external plate or scale overlaid with horn, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, and the feet of birds.

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Semi-arid climate

A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type.

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Sense of smell

The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived.

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Serration

Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.

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Shanxi

Shanxi is an inland province of China and is part of the North China region.

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Shaochilong

Shaochilong (meaning "shark toothed dragon") is an extinct genus of carcharodontosaurid dinosaur from the mid-Cretaceous (Late Cenomanian to the end of the Turonian stage) Ulansuhai Formation of China (about 92 million years ago).

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Shell, Wyoming

Shell is a census-designated place (CDP) in Big Horn County, Wyoming, United States.

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Snail

A snail is a shelled gastropod.

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Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other.

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South Dakota

South Dakota (Sioux: Dakȟóta itókaga) is a landlocked state in the North Central region of the United States.

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Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

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Spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis (SpA), also known as spondyloarthropathy, is a collection of clinical syndromes that are connected by genetic predisposition and clinical manifestations.

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Stegosauria

Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods. Allosaurus and Stegosauria are fossil taxa described in 1877 and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Stegosaurus

Stegosaurus is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails. Allosaurus and Stegosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, fossil taxa described in 1877, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Lourinhã Formation, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera, paleontology in Colorado and taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Stokesosaurus

Stokesosaurus (meaning "Stokes' lizard") is a genus of small (around in length), carnivorous early tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the late Jurassic period of Utah, United States and Guimarota, Portugal. Allosaurus and Stokesosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Utah.

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Stress fracture

A stress fracture is a fatigue-induced bone fracture caused by repeated stress over time.

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Supersaurus

Supersaurus (meaning "super lizard") is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Allosaurus and Supersaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Suuwassea

Suuwassea is a genus of dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur found in the Upper Jurassic strata of the Morrison Formation, located in southern Carbon County, Montana, United States. Allosaurus and Suuwassea are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Symmetrodonta

Symmetrodonta is a group of Mesozoic mammals and mammal-like synapsids characterized by the triangular aspect of the molars when viewed from above, and the absence of a well-developed talonid.

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Szechuanosaurus

Szechuanosaurus ("Szechuan lizard") is an extinct genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic.

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Talus bone

The talus (Latin for ankle or ankle bone;: tali), talus bone, astragalus, or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus.

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Tanycolagreus

Tanycolagreus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod from the Late Jurassic of North America. Allosaurus and Tanycolagreus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Wyoming.

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Taphonomy

Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record.

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Taxonomy (biology)

In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.

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Tendaguru Formation

The Tendaguru Formation, or Tendaguru Beds are a highly fossiliferous formation and Lagerstätte located in the Lindi Region of southeastern Tanzania.

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Thagomizer

A thagomizer is the distinctive arrangement of four spikes on the tails of stegosaurian dinosaurs.

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Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.

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Theropoda

Theropoda (from ancient Greek whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores. Allosaurus and theropoda are taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh.

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Tibia

The tibia (tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle.

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Tithonian

In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series.

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Torvosaurus

Torvosaurus is a genus of large megalosaurine theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 165 to 148 million years ago during the Callovian to Tithonian ages of the late Middle and Late Jurassic period in what is now Colorado, Portugal, Germany, and possibly England, Spain, Tanzania, and Uruguay. Allosaurus and Torvosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Lourinhã Formation, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera and paleontology in Colorado.

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Tree fern

The tree ferns are arborescent (tree-like) ferns that grow with a trunk elevating the fronds above ground level, making them trees.

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Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.

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Type (biology)

In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated.

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Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen (or specimens).

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Tyrannosauridae

Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to fifteen genera, including the eponymous Tyrannosaurus.

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Tyrannosaurus

Tyrannosaurus is a genus of large theropod dinosaur. Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus are Apex predators, paleontology in Colorado and paleontology in Wyoming.

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Tyrannotitan

Tyrannotitan is a genus of large bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the carcharodontosaurid family from the Aptian stage of the early Cretaceous period, discovered in Argentina.

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Ulna

The ulna or ulnar bone (ulnae or ulnas) is a long bone in the forearm stretching from the elbow to the wrist.

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Ungual

An ungual (from Latin unguis, i.e. nail) is a highly modified distal toe bone which ends in a hoof, claw, or nail.

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University of Wyoming

The University of Wyoming (UW) is a public land-grant research university in Laramie, Wyoming.

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Utah

Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Vertebra

Each vertebra (vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates.

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Vestibular system

The vestibular system, in vertebrates, is a sensory system that creates the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance.

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Vomeronasal organ

The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or Jacobson's organ, is the paired auxiliary olfactory (smell) sense organ located in the soft tissue of the nasal septum, in the nasal cavity just above the roof of the mouth (the hard palate) in various tetrapods.

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Wastebasket taxon

Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else.

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Werner Janensch

Werner Ernst Martin Janensch (11 November 1878 – 20 October 1969) was a German paleontologist and geologist.

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Western United States

The Western United States, also called the American West, the Western States, the Far West, and the West, is the region comprising the westernmost U.S. states.

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Wet season

The wet season (sometimes called the rainy season or monsoon season) is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs.

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William Lee Stokes

William Lee Stokes (March 27, 1915, Black Hawk, Carbon County, Utah - December 12, 1994) was a geologist and paleontologist who is best known for his work at Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in Emery County, Utah.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Yangchuanosaurus

Yangchuanosaurus is an extinct genus of metriacanthosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in China from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous periods (Bathonian to Berriasian stages), and was similar in size and appearance to its North American and European relative, Allosaurus. Allosaurus and Yangchuanosaurus are Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera.

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1870 in paleontology

Category:1870s in paleontology Paleontology, 1870 In.

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1877 in paleontology

O. W. Lucas collected the first remains of what would later in the year be named Laelaps trihedrodon from Quarry I of the Saurian Hill at Garden Park, Colorado.

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