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Anarchism in Japan, the Glossary

Anarchism in Japan began to emerge in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as Western anarchist literature began to be translated into Japanese.^[1]

132 relations: Amakasu Incident, Anarcha-feminism, Anarchism in China, Anarchism in India, Anarchism in the Philippines, Anarchism in Vietnam, Anarchism Today, Anarchist communism, Anarcho-syndicalism, Andō Shōeki, Anpo protests, Antimilitarism, Assassination of Alexander II of Russia, Augustin Souchy, Ōsugi Sakae, Cambridge University Press, Capitalism, China, Class conflict, Communist International, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, Decentralization, Demanding the Impossible, Direct action, Division of labour, East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front, Edo period, Emma Goldman, Emperor Meiji, Emperor of Japan, Empire of Japan, Farmer-Labour Party, Federación Anarquista Ibérica, Fields, Factories, and Workshops, Free love, Freedom and People's Rights Movement, Friedrich Nietzsche, General Confederation of Labour (France), General strike, Georges Sorel, Girochinsha, Hajime Matsumoto, HarperCollins, Hatta Shūzō, Heimin Shinbun, Henri Bergson, High Treason Incident, Hitoshi Yamakawa, Ichiko Kamichika, IHeartRadio, ... Expand index (82 more) »
Political movements in Japan

Amakasu Incident

The was the murder of two prominent Japanese anarchists and their young nephew by military police, led by Lieutenant Amakasu Masahiko, in September 1923.

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Anarcha-feminism

Anarcha-feminism, also known as anarchist feminism or anarcho-feminism, is a system of analysis which combines the principles and power analysis of anarchist theory with feminism.

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Anarchism in China

Anarchism in China was a strong intellectual force in the reform and revolutionary movements in the early 20th century. Anarchism in Japan and Anarchism in China are anarchism by country.

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Anarchism in India first emerged within the Indian independence movement, gaining particularly notoriety for its influence on Mohandas Gandhi's theory of Sarvodaya and his practice of nonviolent resistance. Anarchism in Japan and Anarchism in India are anarchism by country.

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Anarchism in the Philippines

Anarchism in the Philippines has its roots in the anti-colonial struggle against the Spanish Empire, becoming influential in the Philippine Revolution and the country's early trade unionist movement. Anarchism in Japan and Anarchism in the Philippines are anarchism by country.

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Anarchism in Vietnam

Anarchism in Vietnam first emerged in the early 20th century, as the Vietnamese started to fight against the French colonial government along with the puppet feudal dynasty (through both demonstrations and violence) for either independence or higher autonomy. Anarchism in Japan and Anarchism in Vietnam are anarchism by country.

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Anarchism Today

Anarchism Today is a 1971 book on the connection between the 1960s New Left and classical anarchism.

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Anarchist communism

Anarchist communism is a political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates communism.

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Anarcho-syndicalism

Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict.

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Andō Shōeki

was a Japanese philosopher of the 18th century.

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Anpo protests

The Anpo protests, also known as the in Japanese, were a series of massive protests throughout Japan from 1959 to 1960, and again in 1970, against the United States–Japan Security Treaty, which allows the United States to maintain military bases on Japanese soil.

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Antimilitarism

Antimilitarism (also spelt anti-militarism) is a doctrine that opposes war, relying heavily on a critical theory of imperialism and was an explicit goal of the First and Second International.

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Assassination of Alexander II of Russia

On, Alexander II, the Emperor of Russia, was assassinated in Saint Petersburg, Russia while returning to the Winter Palace from Mikhailovsky Manège in a closed carriage.

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Augustin Souchy

Augustin Souchy Bauer (28 August 1892 – 1 January 1984) was a German anarchist, antimilitarist, labor union official and journalist.

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Ōsugi Sakae

was a prominent Japanese anarchist who was jailed multiple times for his writings and activism.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Class conflict

In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.

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Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was an international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Confederación Nacional del Trabajo

The (National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT).

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Decentralization

Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

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Demanding the Impossible

Demanding the Impossible is a book on the history of anarchism by Peter Marshall.

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Direct action

Direct action is a term for economic and political behavior in which participants use agency—for example economic or physical power—to achieve their goals.

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Division of labour

The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation).

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East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front

The was a Japanese New Left terrorist organization that existed from 1972 to 1975.

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Edo period

The, also known as the, is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional daimyo.

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Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarchist revolutionary, political activist, and writer.

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Emperor Meiji

Mutsuhito (3 November 185230 July 1912), posthumously honored as Emperor Meiji, was the 122nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

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Emperor of Japan

The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan.

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Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.

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Farmer-Labour Party

The was a short-lived socialist political party in Japan.

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Federación Anarquista Ibérica

The Iberian Anarchist Federation (Federación Anarquista Ibérica, FAI) is a Spanish anarchist organization.

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Fields, Factories, and Workshops

Fields, Factories, and Workshops is an 1899 book by Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin that discusses the decentralization of industries, possibilities of agriculture, and uses of small industries.

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Free love

Free love is a social movement that accepts all forms of love.

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Freedom and People's Rights Movement

The (abbreviated as), Popular Rights Movement, or Autonomy and People's Rights Movement was a Japanese political and social movement for democracy in the 1880s.

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Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers.

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General Confederation of Labour (France)

The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération Générale du Travail, CGT) is a national trade union center, founded in 1895 in the city of Limoges.

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General strike

A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal.

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Georges Sorel

Georges Eugène Sorel (2 November 1847 – 29 August 1922) was a French social thinker, political theorist, historian, and later journalist.

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Girochinsha

Girochinsha (Guillotine Society) was an early 20th century Japanese anarchist group that unsuccessfully targeted members of the imperial state.

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Hajime Matsumoto

is a Japanese activist, and owner of a second-hand goods shop in Koenji, Tokyo.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

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Hatta Shūzō

Hatta Shūzō (八太舟三; 1886–1934) was a Japanese anarchist communist, known as the one of the principal theorists of anarchism in Japan and the main proponent of "pure anarchism" in the movement.

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Heimin Shinbun

was a socialist and anti-war daily newspaper established in Japan in November 1903, as the newspaper of the Heimin-sha group.

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Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson.

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High Treason Incident

The, also known as the, was a socialist-anarchist plot to assassinate the Japanese Emperor Meiji in 1910, leading to a mass arrest of leftists, and the execution of 12 alleged conspirators in 1911.

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Hitoshi Yamakawa

was a Japanese revolutionary socialist who played a leading role in founding the Japanese Communist Party in 1922.

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Ichiko Kamichika

Ichiko Kamichika (神近市子, Kamichika Ichiko) (June 6, 1888 August 1, 1981) was a journalist, feminist, writer, translator, and critic.

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IHeartRadio

iHeartRadio (often shortened to just "iHeart") is an American freemium broadcast, podcast and radio streaming platform owned by iHeartMedia.

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Industrial Workers of the World

The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), whose members are nicknamed "Wobblies", is an international labor union founded in Chicago in 1905.

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International Workers' Day

International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, or the first Monday in May.

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Ishikawa Sanshirō

was a Japanese Christian, socialist, and anarcho-syndicalist who was influential in the Japanese anarchist movement during the 20th century.

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Itō Noe

was a Japanese anarchist, social critic, author, and feminist.

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IWA–AIT

The International Workers' Association – Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores (IWA–AIT) is an international federation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions and initiatives.

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Iwasa Sakutarō

was a Japanese anarchist who was involved in the Japanese anarchist movement during the 20th century.

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Jakucho Setouchi

(15 May 1922 – 9 November 2021; born formerly known as was a Japanese Buddhist nun, writer, and activist.

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The Japan Socialist Party (にっぽん/にほん, Nippon/Nihon shakai-tō) was the first legal socialist party in the Empire of Japan.

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Japanese Anarchist Federation

The was an anarchist organisation that existed in Japan from 1946 to 1968.

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Japanese Communist Party

The is a communist party in Japan.

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Jun Tsuji

was a Japanese author: a poet, essayist, playwright, and translator.

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Kaneko Fumiko

or rarely Pak Fumiko and Pak Munja, was a Japanese anarchist and nihilist.

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Kanno Sugako

, also known as, was a Japanese anarcha-feminist journalist.

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Kanson Arahata

, real name, was a Japanese politician and writer active in the socialist and labor movements.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Kōtoku Shūsui

, better known by the pen name, was a Japanese socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century.

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Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

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Korea under Japanese rule

From 1910 to 1945, Korea was ruled as a part of the Empire of Japan under the name Chōsen (Hanja: 朝鮮, Korean: 조선), the Japanese reading of Joseon.

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Korean independence movement

The Korean independence movement was a series of diplomatic and militant efforts to liberate Korea from Japanese rule.

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Kronstadt rebellion

The Kronstadt rebellion (Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors, naval infantry, and civilians against the Bolshevik government in the Russian port city of Kronstadt.

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Labour movement

The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests.

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Liberal Party (Japan, 1890)

The Liberal Party (自由党, Jiyūtō) was a political party in Japan.

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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.

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Liu Shifu

Liu Shifu (born Liu Shaobin; 27 June 1884 – 27 March 1915) also known as Sifu, was a Chinese assassin and politician.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Makhnovshchina

The Makhnovshchina was a mass movement to establish anarchist communism in southern and eastern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921.

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Manifesto of the Sixteen

The Manifesto of the Sixteen (Manifeste des seize), or Proclamation of the Sixteen, was a document drafted in 1916 by eminent anarchists Peter Kropotkin and Jean Grave which advocated an Allied victory over Germany and the Central Powers during the First World War.

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Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Masahiko Amakasu

was an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army who was imprisoned for his involvement in the Amakasu Incident, the extrajudicial execution of anarchists after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, who later became head of the Manchukuo Film Association.

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Max Stirner

Johann Kaspar Schmidt (25 October 1806 – 26 June 1856), known professionally as Max Stirner, was a German post-Hegelian philosopher, dealing mainly with the Hegelian notion of social alienation and self-consciousness.

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Meiji era

The was an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868, to July 30, 1912.

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Mother Earth (magazine)

Mother Earth was an American anarchist journal that described itself as "A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature".

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Mukden incident

The Mukden incident was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

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Mutual aid

Mutual aid is an organizational model where voluntary, collaborative exchanges of resources and services for common benefit take place amongst community members to overcome social, economic, and political barriers to meeting common needs.

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Mutualism (economic theory)

Mutualism is an anarchist school of thought and anti-capitalist market socialist economic theory that advocates for workers' control of the means of production, a market economy made up of individual artisans and workers' cooperatives, and occupation and use property rights.

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National Libertarian Federation of Trade Unions

The was a syndicalist trade union federation in Japan.

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Naturism

Naturism is a lifestyle of practicing non-sexual social nudity in private and in public; the word also refers to the cultural movement which advocates and defends that lifestyle.

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Nihilism

Nihilism is a family of views within philosophy that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence, such as knowledge, morality, or meaning.

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Pak Yol

Pak Yol (3 February 1902 – 17 January 1974) was a Korean anarchist and independence activist who was convicted of high treason in Japan for conspiring to attack the Imperial House of Japan and assassinate Emperor Hirohito.

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Peter Kropotkin

Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism.

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Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan

Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan covers individual Japanese dissidents against the policies of the Empire of Japan.

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Profintern

The Red International of Labor Unions (translit, RILU), commonly known as the Profintern (Профинтерн.), was an international body established by the Communist International (Comintern) with the aim of coordinating communist activities within trade unions.

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Red Flag Incident

The refers to a political rally that took place in Tokyo, Japan, on June 22, 1908.

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Reformism

Reformism is a trend advocating the reform of an existing system or institution – often a political or religious establishment – as opposed to its abolition and replacement via revolution.

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Rice riots of 1918

The were a series of popular disturbances that erupted throughout Japan from July to September 1918, which brought about the collapse of the Terauchi Masatake administration.

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Rikken Seiyūkai

The was one of the main political parties in the pre-war Empire of Japan. It was also known simply as the Seiyūkai. Founded on September 15, 1900, by Itō Hirobumi,David S. Spencer, "Some Thoughts on the Political Development of the Japanese People", The Journal of International Relations (January 1920) p325 the Seiyūkai was a pro-government alliance of bureaucrats and former members of the Kenseitō.

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Robert Evans (journalist)

Robert Madison Evans (born March 22, 1988) is an American author, journalist, and podcast host who has reported on global conflicts and online extremism.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.

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Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire.

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Sacco and Vanzetti

Nicola Sacco (April 22, 1891 – August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (June 11, 1888 – August 23, 1927) were Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a guard and a paymaster, during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States.

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Saionji Kinmochi

Prince was a Japanese politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1906 to 1908 and from 1911 to 1912.

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Sakai Toshihiko

was a Japanese socialist.

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Sōhyō

The, often abbreviated to, was a left-leaning union confederation.

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Seitō (magazine)

, also known by its translated title Bluestocking, was a literary magazine created in 1911 by a group of five women: Haru Raichō Hiratsuka, Yasumochi Yoshiko, Mozume Kazuko, Kiuchi Teiko, and Nakano Hatsuko.

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Social Democratic Party (しゃかい, Shakaiminshu-tō) was a political party in Japan that existed for one day before being banned by the government.

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Social revolutions are sudden changes in the structure and nature of society.

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Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.

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The Socialist Revolutionary Party (the SRs, СР, or Esers, label; Pártiya sotsialístov-revolyutsionérov, label), was a major political party in late Imperial Russia, during both phases of the Russian Revolution, and in early Soviet Russia.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers

The was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the United States-led Allied occupation of Japan following World War II.

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Taishō era

The was a period in the history of Japan dating from 30 July 1912 to 25 December 1926, coinciding with the reign of Emperor Taishō.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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The American Historical Review

The American Historical Review is a quarterly academic history journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, for which it is its official publication.

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The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto (Das Kommunistische Manifest), originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (label), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848.

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The Conquest of Bread

The Conquest of Bread (La Conquête du Pain; Khleb i volja, 'Bread and Freedom'; Хлеб и воля in contemporary spelling) is an 1892 book by the Russian anarchist communist Peter Kropotkin.

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Tom Mann

Thomas Mann (15 April 1856 – 13 March 1941), was an English trade unionist and is widely recognised as a leading, pioneering figure for the early labour movement in Britain.

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Trade union

A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.

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Transnationalism

Transnationalism is a research field and social phenomenon grown out of the heightened interconnectivity between people and the receding economic and social significance of boundaries among nation states.

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Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan

The, more commonly known as the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty in English and as the or just in Japanese, is a treaty that permits the presence of U.S. military bases on Japanese soil, and commits the two nations to defend each other if one or the other is attacked "in the territories under the administration of Japan".

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Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea

The Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea (Japanese) was signed on June 22, 1965.

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Uchimura Kanzō

was a Japanese author, Christian evangelist, and the founder of the Nonchurch Movement (Mukyōkai) of Christianity during the Meiji and Taishō periods in Japan.

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Uchiyama Gudō

was a Sōtō Zen Buddhist priest and anarcho-socialist activist executed in the High Treason Incident.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Women's Rights Recovery Association

The Women's Rights Recovery Association was a Tokyo-based political movement founded in 1907, by anti-Qing members of the Chinese diaspora.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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Yorozu Chōhō

The was a Japanese daily newspaper founded by Kuroiwa Shūroku.

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Zengakuren

Zengakuren is a league of university student associations founded in 1948 in Japan.

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Zenkyōtō

The All-Campus Joint Struggle Committees (Japanese: 全学共闘会議; Zengaku kyōtō kaigi), commonly known as the Zenkyōtō (全共闘), were Japanese student organizations consisting of anti-government, anti-Japanese Communist Party leftist and non-sectarian radicals.

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1923 Great Kantō earthquake

The also known in Japanese as struck the Kantō Plain on the main Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58:32 JST (02:58:32 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan

Also known as Japanese anarchist, Kikuoka Kuri, Kuri Kikuoka.

, Industrial Workers of the World, International Workers' Day, Ishikawa Sanshirō, Itō Noe, IWA–AIT, Iwasa Sakutarō, Jakucho Setouchi, Japan Socialist Party (1906), Japanese Anarchist Federation, Japanese Communist Party, Jun Tsuji, Kaneko Fumiko, Kanno Sugako, Kanson Arahata, Karl Marx, Kōtoku Shūsui, Korea, Korea under Japanese rule, Korean independence movement, Kronstadt rebellion, Labour movement, Liberal Party (Japan, 1890), Liberalism, Liu Shifu, London, Makhnovshchina, Manifesto of the Sixteen, Marxism, Maryland, Masahiko Amakasu, Max Stirner, Meiji era, Mother Earth (magazine), Mukden incident, Mutual aid, Mutualism (economic theory), National Libertarian Federation of Trade Unions, Naturism, Nihilism, Pak Yol, Peter Kropotkin, Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan, Profintern, Red Flag Incident, Reformism, Rice riots of 1918, Rikken Seiyūkai, Robert Evans (journalist), Russian Revolution, Russo-Japanese War, Sacco and Vanzetti, Saionji Kinmochi, Sakai Toshihiko, Sōhyō, Seitō (magazine), Social Democratic Party (Japan, 1901), Social revolution, Socialism, Socialist Revolutionary Party, Spanish Civil War, Stanford University, Stanford University Press, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Taishō era, Taylor & Francis, The American Historical Review, The Communist Manifesto, The Conquest of Bread, Tom Mann, Trade union, Transnationalism, Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea, Uchimura Kanzō, Uchiyama Gudō, Vladimir Lenin, Women's Rights Recovery Association, World War I, Yorozu Chōhō, Zengakuren, Zenkyōtō, 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

Anarchism in Japan, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Political movements in Japan

References