Ancient DNA, the Glossary
Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient sources (typically specimens, but also environmental DNA).[1]
Table of Contents
98 relations: Adenine, Alan J. Cooper, Amber, Ancient pathogen genomics, Ancient protein, Antediluvian, Anthropology, Archaeogenetics, Archaeological excavation, Archaeological record, Archaeology, Ötzi, Bacterial artificial chromosome, Base pair, Bell Beaker culture, Beth Shapiro, Biological specimen, Bone, Bronze Age Britain, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Centre for Geogenetics, Chemical stability, Comparative anatomy, Coprolite, Cretaceous, Crosslinking of DNA, Cytosine, David Reich (geneticist), Deamination, Denisovan, Desiccation, Dinosaur, DNA, DNA fragmentation, DNA sequencing, Dominica, Environmental DNA, Eske Willerslev, Extinction, Formaldehyde, Genetic history of Europe, Greenland, Guanine, Hair, Halite, Haloarchaea, Hendrik Poinar, Homo, Human, Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans, ... Expand index (48 more) »
- Ancient DNA (human)
Adenine
Adenine (symbol A or Ade) is a purine nucleobase.
Alan J. Cooper
Alan Cooper (born 1966) is a New Zealand evolutionary biologist and an ancient DNA researcher.
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Amber
Amber is fossilized tree resin.
Ancient pathogen genomics
Ancient pathogen genomics is a scientific field related to the study of pathogen genomes recovered from ancient human, plant or animal remains.
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Ancient protein
Ancient proteins are complex mixtures and the term palaeoproteomics is used to characterise the study of proteomes in the past.
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Antediluvian
The antediluvian (alternatively pre-diluvian or pre-flood) period is the time period chronicled in the Bible between the fall of man and the Genesis flood narrative in biblical cosmology.
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Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans.
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Archaeogenetics
Archaeogenetics is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources. Ancient DNA and Archaeogenetics are ancient DNA (human) and genetic genealogy.
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Archaeological excavation
In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. Ancient DNA and archaeological excavation are methods in archaeology.
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Archaeological record
The archaeological record is the body of physical (not written) evidence about the past. Ancient DNA and archaeological record are methods in archaeology.
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Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Ötzi
Ötzi, also called The Iceman, is the natural mummy of a man who lived between 3350 and 3105 BC.
Bacterial artificial chromosome
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
Bell Beaker culture
The Bell Beaker culture, also known as the Bell Beaker complex or Bell Beaker phenomenon, is an archaeological culture named after the inverted-bell beaker drinking vessel used at the very beginning of the European Bronze Age, arising from around 2800 BC.
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Beth Shapiro
Beth Alison Shapiro (born January 14, 1976) is an American evolutionary molecular biologist, associate director for conservation genomics at the UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.
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Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research.
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Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.
Bronze Age Britain
Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from until.
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Carles Lalueza-Fox
Carles Lalueza Fox (Barcelona, 1965) is a Spanish biologist specialized in the study of ancient DNA.
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Centre for Geogenetics
The Centre for Geogenetics is a Danish Basic Research Centre of Excellence (Grundforskningscenter) which officially opened in September 2010.
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Chemical stability
In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system.
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Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
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Coprolite
A coprolite (also known as a coprolith) is fossilized feces.
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).
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Crosslinking of DNA
In genetics, crosslinking of DNA occurs when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two nucleotides of DNA, forming a covalent linkage between them. Ancient DNA and crosslinking of DNA are DNA and genetics techniques.
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Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
David Reich (geneticist)
David Emil Reich (born July 14, 1974) is an American geneticist known for his research into the population genetics of ancient humans, including their migrations and the mixing of populations, discovered by analysis of genome-wide patterns of mutations.
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Deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule.
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Denisovan
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, and lived, based on current evidence, from 285 to 25 thousand years ago.
Desiccation
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
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Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA fragmentation
DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces. Ancient DNA and DNA fragmentation are DNA.
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DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. Ancient DNA and DNA sequencing are DNA.
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Dominica
Dominica (or; Dominican Creole French: Dominik; Kalinago: Waitukubuli), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean.
Environmental DNA
Environmental DNA or eDNA is DNA that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, seawater, snow or air, rather than directly sampled from an individual organism. Ancient DNA and environmental DNA are DNA.
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Eske Willerslev
Eske Willerslev (born 5 June 1971) is a Danish evolutionary geneticist notable for his pioneering work in molecular anthropology, palaeontology, and ecology.
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Extinction
Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.
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Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula and structure, more precisely.
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Genetic history of Europe
The genetic history of Europe includes information around the formation, ethnogenesis, and other DNA-specific information about populations indigenous, or living in Europe.
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Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is a North American island autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Guanine
Guanine (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
Halite
Halite, commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl).
Haloarchaea
Haloarchaea (halophilic archaea, halophilic archaebacteria, halobacteria) are a class of prokaryotic organisms under the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
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Hendrik Poinar
Hendrik Nicholas Poinar (born May 31, 1969 in D.C, United States) is an evolutionary biologist specializing in ancient DNA. Ancient DNA and Hendrik Poinar are ancient DNA (human).
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Homo
Homo is a genus of great ape that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses the extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans) and a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans.
Human
Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans occurred during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic.
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Joachim Burger
Joachim Burger (born 27 June 1969 in Aschaffenburg, West Germany) is a German anthropologist and population geneticist based at Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, where he runs the at the.
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Johannes Krause
Johannes Krause (born July 17, 1980, in Leinefelde) is a German biochemist with a research focus on historical infectious diseases and human evolution.
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Kirsten Bos
Kirsten Bos is a Canadian physical anthropologist.
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List of DNA-tested mummies
This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Ancient DNA and list of DNA-tested mummies are DNA and genetic genealogy.
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List of haplogroups of historic people
This is a list of haplogroups of historic people. Ancient DNA and list of haplogroups of historic people are DNA and genetic genealogy.
See Ancient DNA and List of haplogroups of historic people
Mammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus Mammuthus. They lived from the late Miocene epoch (from around 6.2 million years ago) into the Holocene about 4,000 years ago, and various species existed in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America.
Marcus Thomas Pius Gilbert
Marcus Thomas Pius Gilbert (also known as Tom Gilbert, and publishing as M Thomas P Gilbert) is an evolutionary biologist.
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Mark G. Thomas
Mark G. Thomas (born 5 June 1964 on Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England) is a human evolutionary geneticist, Professor of Evolutionary Genetics at the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment at University College London since 2009.
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Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
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Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Ancient DNA and mitochondrial DNA are DNA.
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Moa
Moa (order Dinornithiformes) are an extinct group of flightless birds formerly endemic to New Zealand.
Molecular paleontology
Molecular paleontology refers to the recovery and analysis of DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids, and their diagenetic products from ancient human, animal, and plant remains. Ancient DNA and Molecular paleontology are ancient DNA (human).
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Mummy
A mummy is a dead human or an animal whose soft tissues and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.
Museomics
Museomics is the study of genomic data obtained from ancient DNA (aDNA) and historic DNA (hDNA) specimens in museum collections. Ancient DNA and Museomics are ancient DNA (human), DNA, genetic genealogy and methods in archaeology.
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
National Geographic
National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.
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Natural History Museum of Denmark
The Natural History Museum Denmark (Statens Naturhistoriske Museum) is a natural history museum located in Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
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Neanderthal
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
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Nested polymerase chain reaction
Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) is a modification of polymerase chain reaction intended to reduce non-specific binding in products due to the amplification of unexpected primer binding sites.
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Nuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. Ancient DNA and nuclear DNA are DNA.
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Oligocene
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.
Paleogenetics
Paleogenetics is the study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material from the remains of ancient organisms.
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Pantheon Books
Pantheon Books is an American book publishing imprint.
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Paraffin wax
Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between 20 and 40 carbon atoms.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.
Permafrost
Permafrost is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below for two years or more: the oldest permafrost had been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years.
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Petrous part of the temporal bone
The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones.
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Pleural cavity
The pleural cavity, pleural space, or intrapleural space is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that surrounds each lung.
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Polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study. Ancient DNA and polymerase chain reaction are genetics techniques.
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Public interest
In social science and economics, public interest is "the welfare or well-being of the general public" and society.
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Quagga
The quagga (Equus quagga quagga) is an extinct subspecies of the plains zebra that was endemic to South Africa until it was hunted to extinction in the late 19th century.
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Svante Pääbo
Svante Pääbo (born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate who specialises in the field of evolutionary genetics.
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Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy;: taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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Thymine
---> Thymine (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T.
Tooth
A tooth (teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California.
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University of Copenhagen
The University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitet, KU) is a public research university in Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Upper Paleolithic
The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
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Ursus deningeri
Ursus deningeri (Deninger's bear) is an extinct species of bear, endemic to Eurasia during the Pleistocene for approximately 1.7 million years, from.
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Weevil
Weevils are beetles belonging to the superfamily Curculionoidea, known for their elongated snouts.
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.
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Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
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Yukon
Yukon (formerly called the Yukon Territory and referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories.
See also
Ancient DNA (human)
- Ancient DNA
- Archaeogenetics
- Hendrik Poinar
- Molecular paleontology
- Museomics
- Neanderthal anatomy
- Neanderthal genetics
- Neanderthal genome project
- Paleogenomics
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_DNA
Also known as Ancient DNA analysis, Ancient DNA revolution, Ancient genomes, Fossil DNA, Palaeogenome, Paleo DNA, Paleogenome.
, Joachim Burger, Johannes Krause, Kirsten Bos, List of DNA-tested mummies, List of haplogroups of historic people, Mammoth, Marcus Thomas Pius Gilbert, Mark G. Thomas, Metabolism, Miocene, Mitochondrial DNA, Moa, Molecular paleontology, Mummy, Museomics, Mutation, National Geographic, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Nature (journal), Neanderthal, Nested polymerase chain reaction, Nuclear DNA, Oligocene, Paleogenetics, Pantheon Books, Paraffin wax, Pathogen, Permafrost, Petrous part of the temporal bone, Pleural cavity, Polymerase chain reaction, Public interest, Quagga, Soil, Species, Svante Pääbo, Taxon, The New York Times, Thymine, Tooth, University of California, Berkeley, University of Copenhagen, Upper Paleolithic, Ursus deningeri, Weevil, Y chromosome, Yale University Press, Yukon.